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Calderón-Vergara LA, Díaz-Sánchez LM, Blanco-Tirado C, Combariza MY. Comparative profiling of Chlorella vulgaris cells, extracts, and intact chloroplasts using electron transfer matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (ET-MALDI-MS). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:5652-5664. [PMID: 39109659 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The intricate composition of microalgal pigments plays a crucial role in various biological processes, from photosynthesis to biomarker identification. Traditional pigment analysis methods involve complex extraction techniques, posing challenges in maintaining analyte integrity. In this study, we employ Electron Transfer Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ET-MALDI-MS) to compare the pigmentary profiles of Chlorella vulgaris intact cells, chloroplasts, and solvent extracts. We aim to obtain comprehensive extracts rich in polar and non-polar compounds using ultrasound-assisted and supercritical fluid extraction methods. Additionally, intact chloroplasts are isolated using a lysis buffer and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Our ET-MALDI-MS analysis reveals distinct compositional differences, highlighting the impact of extraction protocols on microalgal pigment identification. We observe prominent signals corresponding to radical cations of key pigments, including chlorophylls and carotenoids, which are crucial for C. vulgaris identification. Furthermore, ET-MALDI-MS facilitates the identification of specific lipids within chloroplast membranes and other organelles. This study underscores the rapid and precise nature of ET-MALDI-MS in microalgal biomarker analysis, providing valuable insights into phytoplankton dynamics, trophic levels, and environmental processes. C. vulgaris emerges as a promising model for studying pigment composition and membrane lipid diversity, enhancing our understanding of microalgal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz A Calderón-Vergara
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia.
| | - Luis M Díaz-Sánchez
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia.
| | - Cristian Blanco-Tirado
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia.
| | - Marianny Y Combariza
- Escuela de Química, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, 680002, Colombia.
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2
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Leung C, Grulois D, Chevin LM. Plasticity across levels: relating epigenomic, transcriptomic, and phenotypic responses to osmotic stress in a halotolerant microalga. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:4672-4687. [PMID: 35593517 PMCID: PMC9543585 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a given genotype to produce alternative phenotypes in response to its environment of development, is an important mechanism for coping with variable environments. While the mechanisms underlying phenotypic plasticity are diverse, their relative contributions need to be investigated quantitatively to better understand the evolvability of plasticity across biological levels. This requires relating plastic responses of the epigenome, transcriptome, and organismal phenotype, and investigating how they vary with the genotype. Here we carried out this approach for responses to osmotic stress in Dunaliella salina, a green microalga that is a model organism for salinity tolerance. We compared two strains that show markedly different demographic responses to osmotic stress, and showed that these phenotypic responses involve strain‐ and environment‐specific variation in gene expression levels, but a relative low—albeit significant—effect of strain × environment interaction. We also found an important genotype effect on the genome‐wide methylation pattern, but little contribution from environmental conditions to the latter. However, we did detect a significant marginal effect of epigenetic variation on gene expression, beyond the influence of genetic differences on epigenetic state, and we showed that hypomethylated regions are correlated with higher gene expression. Our results indicate that epigenetic mechanisms are either not involved in the rapid plastic response to environmental change in this species, or involve only few changes in trans that are sufficient to trigger concerted changes in the expression of many genes, and phenotypic responses by multiple traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leung
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Daphné Grulois
- CEFE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Montpellier, France
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3
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Lukáčová A, Beck T, Trnková K, Trniková M, Krajčovič J, Vesteg M. Discrimination of Euglena gracilis strains Z and bacillaris by MALDI-TOF MS. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:930-942. [PMID: 35483969 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Euglena gracilis is used as model organism for various microbiological, molecular biological and biotechnological studies. Its most studied wild type strains are Z and bacillaris, but their discrimination by standard molecular methods is difficult. Therefore, we decided to test the suitability of MALDI-TOF MS (matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization - time of flight mass spectrometry) for identification of E. gracilis and for discrimination of these two strains possessing functional chloroplasts. MALDI-TOF MS profiling was also tested for two white (non-photosynthetic) stable E. gracilis mutant strains Wgm ZOflL and W10 BSmL. METHODS AND RESULTS We have successfully obtained main spectrum profiles (MSPs) of E. gracilis strains Z, SAG 1224-5/25 and bacillaris, SAG 1224-5/15 using protein extraction procedure. Subsequent MALDI-TOF MS profiling of a number of tested samples and the comparison of the obtained protein profiles with our in-house database including MSPs of both strains has revealed that these two strains can be easily distinguished by MALDI-TOF MS based on score values over two in most cases. This method has also confirmed the ancestry of white mutant strains Wgm ZOflL and W10 BSmL, originally derived from strains Z and bacillaris, respectively. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-TOF MS is suitable, accurate and rapid method for discrimination of E. gracilis strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY These results can have broad practical implications for laboratories cultivating various strains of euglenids, and they can be applied for their discrimination by MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Lukáčová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Terézia Beck
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Trnková
- Department of the Environment, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Miriam Trniková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Krajčovič
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Matej Vesteg
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia
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4
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Productivity and morphometric parameters of the microalga Dunaliella salina IBSS-2 under pilot cultivation in continental mid-latitude climate in spring. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:438. [PMID: 34603915 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02982-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the taxonomy and various characteristics of Dunaliella salina IBSS-2 strain and describe its cultivation potential in mid-latitude climate during springtime. In addition, our analysis confirmed the essentiality of combining morphological, physiological, and other characteristics when identifying new species and strains of the genus Dunaliella, along with the molecular marker (internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of rDNA gene). The pilot cultivation of microalgae during the springtime in the south of Russia demonstrated that the climatic conditions of this region allow D. salina cultivation for biomass accumulation during this season, highlighting light and temperature conditions as the main factors determining the growth rate of D. salina. A two-fold increase in daily insolation and, consequently, in temperature in April resulted in a more than three-fold increase in productivity of D. salina culture. The maximum productivity of D. salina both in April and May was comparable and reached 2 g m-2 day-1, and the total yield for 8-10 days was about 14.5-16 g m-2. The additional CO2 supply into the D. salina culture did not show any significant effect on its growth rate; however, it contributed to maintaining the diversity of morphometric characteristics over a longer period of time. Changes in the morphological and morphometric characteristics of algal cells, including size reduction, were observed during the batch cultivation. Thus, the production potential of the green carotenogenic microalga D. salina was determined in the springtime, which allows expanding the seasonal interval of its cultivation in temperate latitudes.
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Testing the Applicability of MALDI-TOF MS as an Alternative Stock Identification Method in a Cryptic Species Complex. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143214. [PMID: 32674457 PMCID: PMC7397217 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge of intraspecific variability of a certain species is essential for their long-term survival and for the development of conservation plans. Nowadays, molecular/genetic methods are the most frequently used for this purpose. Although, the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) technique has become a promising alternative tool to specify intraspecific variability, there is a lack of information about the limitations of this method, and some methodological issues need to be resolved. Towards this goal, we tested the sensitivity of this method on an intraspecific level, using genetically identified individuals of a cryptic fish species complex collected from five distinct populations. Additionally, some methodologic issues, such as the effect of (1) delayed sample preparation, (2) clove oil anaesthetization, and (3) different tissue types (muscle, and brain) were investigated using the MS analysis results. Our results show that the delayed sample preparation has a fundamental effect on the result of MS analysis, while at the same time the clove oil did not affect the results considerably. Both the brain and muscle samples were usable for cryptic species identification, but in our opinion this method has limited applicability for population-level segregation. The application of MALDI-TOF MS to the exploitable toolkit of phylogenetic and taxonomic researches could be used to broaden conclusions.
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6
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Hart RS, Jolly NP, Ndimba BK. Characterisation of hybrid yeasts for the production of varietal Sauvignon blanc wine – A review. J Microbiol Methods 2019; 165:105699. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2019.105699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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7
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Fajardo C, Amil-Ruiz F, Fuentes-Almagro C, De Donato M, Martinez-Rodriguez G, Escobar-Niño A, Carrasco R, Mancera JM, Fernandez-Acero FJ. An “omic” approach to Pyrocystis lunula: New insights related with this bioluminescent dinoflagellate. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103502. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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8
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Huschek D, Witzel K. Rapid dereplication of microbial isolates using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: A mini-review. J Adv Res 2019; 19:99-104. [PMID: 31341675 PMCID: PMC6629721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS is applicable as high-resolution and high-throughput tool. The classification and characterization of cultivable microorganisms is targeted. Advantageous are its simple sample preparation and short measurement time. It accelerates the dereplication of isolates from large-scale screening campaigns. Applications for studying microbial diversity and future trends are discussed.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has become one of the most popular methods for the rapid, cost-effective and accurate classification and characterization of cultivable microorganisms. Due to its simple sample preparation and short measurement time, MALDI-TOF MS is an excellent choice for the high-throughput study of microbial isolates from rhizospheres or plants grown under diverse environmental conditions. While clinical isolates have a higher identification rate than environmental isolates due to the focus of commercial mass spectral libraries on the former, no identification is necessary in the dereplication step of large environmental studies. The grouping of large sets of isolates according to their intact protein profiles can be performed without knowledge of their taxonomy. Thus, this method is easily applicable to environmental samples containing microorganisms from yet undescribed phylogenetic origins. The main strategies applied to achieve effective dereplication are, first, expanding existing mass spectral libraries and, second, using an additional statistical analysis step to group measured mass spectra and identify unique isolates. In this review, these aspects are addressed. It closes with a prospective view on how MALDI-TOF MS-based microbial characterisation can accelerate the exploitation of plant-associated microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Huschek
- German Rheumatism Research Centre - A Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Witzel
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
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9
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Alzahrani MAJ, Perera CO, Sabaragamuwa R, Hemar Y. Assessment of Bioactive Potential of Aqueous Protein Extracts from Diatoms Nitzschia laevis, Spirulina platensis, and Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2019.1571551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ahmed J. Alzahrani
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Conrad O. Perera
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rasangani Sabaragamuwa
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yacine Hemar
- Food Science Programme, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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10
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Mello RV, Meccheri FS, Bagatini IL, Rodrigues-Filho E, Vieira AA. MALDI-TOF MS based discrimination of coccoid green microalgae (Selenastraceae, Chlorophyta). ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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11
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Maasz G, Takács P, Boda P, Varbiro G, Pirger Z. Mayfly and fish species identification and sex determination in bleak (Alburnus alburnus) by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:317-325. [PMID: 28558278 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Besides food quality control of fish or cephalopods, the novel mass spectrometry (MS) approaches could be effective and beneficial methods for the investigation of biodiversity in ecological research. Our aims were to verify the applicability of MALDI-TOF MS in the rapid identification of closely related species, and to further develop it for sex determination in phenotypically similar fish focusing on the low mass range. For MALDI-TOF MS spectra analysis, ClinProTools software was applied, but our observed classification was also confirmed by Self Organizing Map. For verifying the wide applicability of the method, brains from invertebrate and vertebrate species were used in order to detect the species related markers from two mayflies and eight fish as well as sex-related markers within bleak. Seven Ephemera larvae and sixty-one fish species related markers were observed and nineteen sex-related markers were identified in bleak. Similar patterns were observed between the individuals within one species. In contrast, there were markedly diverse patterns between the different species and sexes visualized by SOMs. Two different Ephemera species and male or female fish were identified with 100% accuracy. The various fish species were classified into 8 species with a high level of accuracy (96.2%). Based on MS data, dendrogram was generated from different fish species by using ClinProTools software. This MS-based dendrogram shows relatively high correspondence with the phylogenetic relationships of both the studied species and orders. In summary, MALDI-TOF MS provides a cheap, reliable, sensitive and fast identification tool for researchers in the case of closely related species using mass spectra acquired in a low mass range to define specific molecular profiles. Moreover, we presented evidence for the first time for determination of sex within one fish species by using this method. We conclude that it is a powerful tool that can revolutionize ecological and environmental research.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maasz
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary; Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary.
| | - P Takács
- Department of Hydrozoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - P Boda
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - G Varbiro
- Department of Tisza River Research, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Z Pirger
- MTA-ÖK BLI NAP_B Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 8237 Tihany, Hungary
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12
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Crossay T, Antheaume C, Redecker D, Bon L, Chedri N, Richert C, Guentas L, Cavaloc Y, Amir H. New method for the identification of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by proteomic-based biotyping of spores using MALDI-TOF-MS. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14306. [PMID: 29084976 PMCID: PMC5662746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF, Glomeromycota) are mutualistic symbionts associated with majority of land plants. These fungi play an important role in plant growth, but their taxonomic identification remains a challenge for academic research, culture collections and inoculum producers who need to certify their products. Identification of these fungi was traditionally performed based on their spore morphology. DNA sequence data have successfully been used to study the evolutionary relationships of AMF, develop molecular identification tools and assess their diversity in the environment. However, these methods require considerable expertise and are not well-adapted for "routine" quality control of culture collections and inoculum production. Here, we show that Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry proteomic-based biotyping is a highly efficient approach for AMF identification. Nineteen isolates belonging to fourteen species, seven genera and five families were clearly differentiated by MALDI biotyping at the species level, and intraspecific differentiation was achieved for the majority. AMF identification by MALDI biotyping could be highly useful, not only for research but also in agricultural and environmental applications. Fast, accurate and inexpensive molecular mass determination and the possibility of automation make MALDI-TOF-MS a real alternative to conventional morphological and molecular methods for AMF identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Crossay
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Cyril Antheaume
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France. .,Plate-forme d'Analyse Chimique Strasbourg-Illkirch. Université de Strasbourg, F-67400, Illkirch, France.
| | - Dirk Redecker
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, CNRS, INRA, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-21000, Dijon, France
| | - Lucie Bon
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Nicolas Chedri
- Institut Pasteur, Bacteriology Research Unit, 98800, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | | | - Linda Guentas
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Yvon Cavaloc
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France
| | - Hamid Amir
- Institut des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées (EA 7484), Université de Nouvelle-Calédonie, BP R4, 98851, Nouméa, Nouvelle-Calédonie, France.
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Peng LH, Unnikrishnan B, Shih CY, Hsiung TM, Chang J, Hsu PH, Chiu TC, Huang CC. Identification of Microalgae by Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multiple Nanomatrices. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:283-292. [PMID: 26842733 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a simple method to identify microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) using three different substrates: HgSe, HgTe, and HgTeSe nanostructures. The fragmentation/ionization processes of complex molecules in algae varied according to the heat absorption and transfer efficiency of the nanostructured matrices (NMs). Therefore, the mass spectra obtained for microalgae showed different patterns of m/z values for different NMs. The spectra contained both significant and nonsignificant peaks. Constructing a Venn diagram with the significant peaks obtained for algae when using HgSe, HgTe, and HgTeSe NMs in m/z ratio range 100-1000, a unique relationship among the three sets of values was obtained. This unique relationship of sets is different for each species of microalgae. Therefore, by observing the particular relationship of sets, we successfully identified different algae such as Isochrysis galbana, Emiliania huxleyi, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nannochloris sp., Skeletonema cf. costatum, and Tetraselmis chui. This simple and cost-effective SALDI-MS analysis method coupled with multi-nanomaterials as substrates may be extended to identify other microalgae and microorganisms in real samples. Graphical Abstract Identification of microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry coupled with three different mercury-based nanosubstrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Hsiang Peng
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Shih
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ming Hsiung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung, 95092, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Barbano D, Diaz R, Zhang L, Sandrin T, Gerken H, Dempster T. Rapid Characterization of Microalgae and Microalgae Mixtures Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135337. [PMID: 26271045 PMCID: PMC4536233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current molecular methods to characterize microalgae are time-intensive and expensive. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) may represent a rapid and economical alternative approach. The objectives of this study were to determine whether MALDI-TOF MS can be used to: 1) differentiate microalgae at the species and strain levels and 2) characterize simple microalgal mixtures. A common protein extraction sample preparation method was used to facilitate rapid mass spectrometry-based analysis of 31 microalgae. Each yielded spectra containing between 6 and 56 peaks in the m/z 2,000 to 20,000 range. The taxonomic resolution of this approach appeared higher than that of 18S rDNA sequence analysis. For example, two strains of Scenedesmus acutus differed only by two 18S rDNA nucleotides, but yielded distinct MALDI-TOF mass spectra. Mixtures of two and three microalgae yielded relatively complex spectra that contained peaks associated with members of each mixture. Interestingly, though, mixture-specific peaks were observed at m/z 11,048 and 11,230. Our results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS affords rapid characterization of individual microalgae and simple microalgal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane Barbano
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Regina Diaz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, MC 2352, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Todd Sandrin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, MC 2352, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Henri Gerken
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Building ISTB-3, Room 103, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thomas Dempster
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Building ISTB-3, Room 103, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America
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