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Kuo HC, Schoneman T, Gao LM, Gruezo WS, Amoroso VB, Yang Y, Yang KC, Chien CT, Möller M, Wang CN. A leading-edge scenario in the phylogeography and evolutionary history of East Asian insular Taxus in Taiwan and the Philippines. Front Genet 2024; 15:1372309. [PMID: 38756448 PMCID: PMC11096487 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1372309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The cool temperate origin of gymnosperm Taxus species in East Asia is specifically diverse and widespread. Certain lineages have managed to extend their distribution further south to subtropical and tropical islands such as Taiwan and the Philippines. To address questions including whether these insular lineages, recently identified as T. phytonii, have become genetically distinct from each other and from their continental relatives, and when and how they colonized their residing islands, we sampled over 11 populations, covering 179 Taxus individuals from Taiwan and the Philippines. Using four cpDNA and one nuclear marker, we showed in population genetic and genealogical analyses that the two insular lineages were genetically distinct from each other and also from other continental Taxus and that they represented each other's closest relative. Estimated with the coalescent-based multi-type tree (MTT) analyses, we inferred an origin of Taiwanese T. phytonii more ancient than 2.49 Mya and that of Philippine T. phytonii more ancient than 1.08 Mya. In addition, the divergence demographic history revealed by both MTT and isolation with migration (IM) analyses indicated the presence of recent post-split migrations from a continental taxon, T. mairei, to Taiwanese T. phytonii, as well as from Taiwanese T. phytonii to Philippine T. phytonii. Overall, this study suggests Taiwan as a stepping stone through which the temperate-origin yew trees can extend their distributions to tropical regions such as the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Chih Kuo
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Travis Schoneman
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lian-Ming Gao
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - William Sm. Gruezo
- Plant Biology Division, College of Arts and Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines at Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines
| | - Victor B. Amoroso
- Center for Biodiversity Research and Extension in Mindanao (CEBREM), Central Mindanao University, Mindanao, Philippines
| | - Yang Yang
- Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Ministry of Agriculture, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Yang
- General Education Center, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Te Chien
- Botanical Garden Division, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Michael Möller
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-Neng Wang
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li N, Yang X, Ren Y, Wang Z. Importance of species traits on individual-based seed dispersal networks and dispersal distance for endangered trees in a fragmented forest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1010352. [PMID: 36212316 PMCID: PMC9534520 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although mutualistic network analyses have sparked a renewed interest in the patterns and drivers of network structures within communities, few studies have explored structural patterns within populations. In an endangered tree species population, plant individuals share their bird seed dispersers; however, the factors affecting individual interaction patterns are poorly understood. In this study, four individual-based networks were built for the endangered Chinese yew, Taxus chinensis, in a fragmented forest based on bird foraging type (swallowing and pecking networks) and habitat type (networks in a bamboo patch and an evergreen broad-leaved forest patch). Species-level network metrics (species degree and specialization, d') were used to evaluate the effects of species traits (bird and plant traits) on species-level networks and dispersal distance for T. chinensis. It was revealed that the interaction networks between T. chinensis individuals and their bird partners were influenced by foraging type and the habitat of plant distribution. Compared to the other two networks, bird swallowing and bird-fruit networks in the evergreen broad-leaved patch habitat had higher nestedness and connectance but lower modules and specialization. Bird (body weight and wing and bill lengths) and plant traits (height, crop size, and cover) significantly affected species-level network metrics such as degree and specialization. Furthermore, seed dispersal distance was influenced by species traits and the species-level metrics of fruit-bird interaction networks. These results provide new insights into individual-based seed dispersal mutualistic networks of endangered plant species under habitat fragmentation. Moreover, these findings have relevant implications for conserving and managing individual endangered trees in increasingly disturbed ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xifu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhao Ren
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Wu X, Wang M, Li X, Yan Y, Dai M, Xie W, Zhou X, Zhang D, Wen Y. Response of distribution patterns of two closely related species in Taxus genus to climate change since last inter-glacial. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9302. [PMID: 36177121 PMCID: PMC9475124 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change affects the species spatio-temporal distribution deeply. However, how climate affects the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of related species on the large scale remains largely unclear. Here, we selected two closely related species in Taxus genus Taxus chinensis and Taxus mairei to explore their distribution pattern. Four environmental variables were employed to simulate the distribution patterns using the optimized Maxent model. The results showed that the highly suitable area of T. chinensis and T. mairei in current period was 1.616 × 105 km2 and 3.093 × 105 km2, respectively. The distribution area of T. chinensis was smaller than that of T. mairei in different periods. Comparison of different periods shown that the distribution area of the two species was almost in stasis from LIG to the future periods. Temperature and precipitation were the main climate factors that determined the potential distribution of the two species. The centroids of T. chinensis and T. mairei were in Sichuan and Hunan provinces in current period, respectively. In the future, the centroid migration direction of the two species would shift towards northeast. Our results revealed that the average elevation distribution of T. chinensis was higher than that of T. mairei. This study sheds new insights into the habitat preference and limiting environment factors of the two related species and provides a valuable reference for the conservation of these two threatened species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtong Wu
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
| | - Minqiu Wang
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
| | - Yadan Yan
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
| | - Minjun Dai
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China.,University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Wanyu Xie
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
| | - Xiaofen Zhou
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
| | | | - Yafeng Wen
- Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan China
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Almeida-Gomes M, Gotelli NJ, Rocha CFD, Vieira MV, Prevedello JA. Random placement models explain species richness and dissimilarity of frog assemblages within Atlantic Forest fragments. J Anim Ecol 2022; 91:618-629. [PMID: 35007336 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of random versus niche-based processes on biodiversity patterns is a central theme in ecology, and an important tool for predicting effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity. We investigated the predictive power of random processes to explain species richness and species dissimilarity of amphibian assemblages in a fragmented tropical landscape of the Atlantic Forest of South America. We analyzed a large database of amphibian abundance and occupancy, sampled in 21 forest fragments ranging in size from 1.9 to 619 ha. We compared observed species richness and species dissimilarity with the outcomes of two null (random placement) models: 1- the traditional Coleman's area-based model and 2- an abundance-based model (based on the number of individuals observed in each fragment). We applied these models for all species combined, and separately for forest-dependent and habitat-generalist species. The abundance-based model fitted the observed species richness data better than the area-based model for all species, forest-dependent species, and generalist species. The area-based and the abundance-based models were also able to significantly explain species dissimilarity for all species and for generalists, but not for forest dependent species. The traditional area-based model assigned too many individuals to large fragments, thus failing to accurately explain species richness within patches across the landscape. Although niche-based processes may be important to structuring the regional pool of species in fragmented landscapes, our results suggest that part of the variation in species richness and species dissimilarity can be successfully explained by random placement models, especially for generalist species. Evaluating which factors cause variation in the number of individuals among patches should be a focus in future studies aiming to understand biodiversity patterns in fragmented landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Almeida-Gomes
- Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcus Vinícius Vieira
- Laboratório de Vertebrados, Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Li N, Wang Z, Zhang S, Yan C, Li X, Lu C. Importance of bird traits for seed dispersal patterns of co-fruiting trees in a patchy forest. Integr Zool 2018; 14:470-478. [PMID: 30585442 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation is globally one of the most important drivers of change in biodiversity. Seed dispersal by birds is crucial for tree regeneration in remnant patchy forests, yet how bird traits affect seed dispersal pattern is still poorly understood. We studied the extent to which bird traits affect seed-removal networks and whether these traits affect seed deposition and seedling recruitment for 3 co-fruiting tree species (Taxus chinensis, Cinnamomum bodinieri and Machilus thunbergii) in a patchy forest. A total of 17, 18 and 10 bird species were recorded foraging for seeds of T. chinensis, M. thunbergii and C. bodinieri, respectively. Frequency of bird visitation increased with tail length, wing length and body length. Furthermore, bird body length, bill length, body weight and wing length were important in the strength of the seed removal network. During foraging, 6 bird species exhibited different patterns of microhabitat utilization and their perching frequency increased with bird weight and tarsus length. As a consequence, frequency of habitat use, bird length and tarsus length were important in determining the number of deposited seeds. For seedling recruitment, seedling number increased with bird tarsus length and weight, but decreased with wing length. Overall, our results showed that various bird traits not only affected seed removal, but also influenced the subsequent processes of seed deposition and seedling distribution in a patchy forest. These results thus highlight the importance of large-bodied birds for plant recruitment and point out the need to prioritize the protection and conservation of these birds in remnant patchy forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chuan Yan
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhai Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changhu Lu
- College of Biology and Environmental Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China
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Corlett RT. Frugivory and seed dispersal by vertebrates in tropical and subtropical Asia: An update. Glob Ecol Conserv 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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LI N, YANG W, FANG S, LI X, LIU Z, LENG X, AN S. Dispersal of invasivePhytolacca americanaseeds by birds in an urban garden in China. Integr Zool 2017; 12:26-31. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning LI
- School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Wen YANG
- School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Shubo FANG
- Fisheries and Life Science School; Shanghai Ocean University; Shanghai China
| | - Xinhai LI
- Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Zhanchen LIU
- College of Biology and the Environment; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Xin LENG
- School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
| | - Shuqing AN
- School of Life Science; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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PAN Y, BAI B, XIONG T, SHI P, LU C. Seed handling by primary frugivores differentially influence post-dispersal seed removal of Chinese yew by ground-dwelling animals. Integr Zool 2016; 11:191-8. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang PAN
- Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Bing BAI
- Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College; Kunming China
| | - Tianshi XIONG
- Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Peijian SHI
- Bamboo Research Institute; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
| | - Changhu LU
- Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions; Nanjing Forestry University; Nanjing China
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Li N, Li XH, An SQ, Lu CH. Impact of multiple bird partners on the seed dispersal effectiveness of China's relic trees. Sci Rep 2016; 6:17489. [PMID: 26725517 PMCID: PMC4698718 DOI: 10.1038/srep17489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frugivorous birds generally exhibit an unequal contribution to dispersal effectiveness of plant species as a function of their habitat adaptation and body size. In our study, we compared the effectiveness of multiple bird species that contribute to the dispersal of the endangered relic Chinese yew, Taxus chinensis. Seven bird species dispersed T. chinensis seeds, with Picus canus, Turdus hortulorum, and Urocissa erythrorhyncha being the main dispersers. The quantity part of dispersal effectiveness was strongly influenced by two inherent characteristics of disperser species: body size and habitat adaptation. However, the quality part of dispersal effectiveness was only influenced by disperser type. For instance, small generalist birds and large specialist birds removed more seeds than other type dispersers. Moreover, small birds and specialist birds contributed slightly more to the dispersal quality of T. chinensis than large birds and generalist birds respectively; however, these differences were not significant. Our results suggest that dispersal effectiveness is affected by variety in the body size and habitat adaptation of different dispersers. Therefore, such variation should be incorporated into spatial and temporal management actions of relic plant species in patchy, human-disturbed habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.,School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin-Hai Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shu-Qing An
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chang-Hu Lu
- Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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