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Zhao R, He M, Jiang C, Liu F. Soil microbial stoichiometry and community structure responses to long-term natural forest conversion to plantations in a subtropical region. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:27560-27570. [PMID: 34981382 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17893-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Soil microbial stoichiometry reflects carbon (C) and nutrient (e.g., nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) elemental balances under land-use change (LUC). However, how soil microbial community (SMC) structure and stoichiometry respond to long-term LUC in forests is still unclear. Here, we investigated three 36-year-old typical plantations, Cryptomeria fortunei, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Cunninghamia lanceolata, and the natural forest to assess their soil microbial stoichiometry and SMC structure. Three plots (30×30 m2) were randomly set in each forest site. In each plot of every forest site, soil samples of three depths (0-10, 10-30, and 30-60 cm) were collected. Dissolved organic C, N, and P (abbreviated as DOC, DON, and DOP, respectively) and environmental factors were measured. We also detected microbial biomass C, N, and P as well as SMC structure. The results showed that the soil microbial C:N:P stoichiometry had a strong or strict homeostasis regardless of soil depth and exhibited decoupling from the SMC structure at each depth. The SMC structure across forest types was mainly driven by mean annual soil temperature (MAST) and DOC at 0-10 cm depth, by soil water content and MAST at 10-30 cm depth, and by DOC to DOP ratio at 30-60 cm depth. Thus, SMC structure could be jointly regulated by available resources and environment. These results suggest that the C dynamics in forests tend to gain resilience or re-equilibrium over more than three decades after forest conversion. These findings highlight the importance of reforested plantations forest management for sustaining soil C over a long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Canlan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China.
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Zhao R, He M, Yue P, Huang L, Liu F. Linking soil organic carbon stock to microbial stoichiometry, carbon sequestration and microenvironment under long-term forest conversion. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 301:113940. [PMID: 34731964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest conversion can drastically impact carbon (C) and nutrient processes and microbial stoichiometry, which will modify soil organic C (SOC) stock. However, SOC stock dynamics and its underlying mechanisms induced by long-term forest conversion remain unclear. Three well-protected plantations converted from natural forests for 36 years were compared, i.e., Cryptomeria fortunei (CF), Metasequoia glyptostroboides (MG) and Cunninghamia lanceolata (CL), with a natural forest (NF) as a control. SOC stock size and stability across three soil depths (0-10, 10-30 and 30-60 cm) were examined with aggregate-based method. Forest floors and fine roots were treated as C and nutrient inputs while soil respiration (Rs) was treated as C output. Soil microbial biomass C, nitrogen and phosphorus were measured to calculate microbial stoichiometry, as well as microenvironment and soil physicochemical properties. The relationships between SOC stock (size and stability) and these factors were explored using structural equation model. The results showed that microbial stoichiometry had strong or strict homeostasis at each soil depth. At 0-10 cm soil deep, SOC stock size varied with tree species (following the rank of CL > NF ≈ CF > MG) but its stability increased in all forest conversion types, regulated by forest floor quantity and quality associated with Rs; at 10-30 cm soil deep, the SOC stock sizes decreased in CF and MG, but SOC stock stability increased in MG, jointly driven by fine root quality and microenvironment; at 30-60 cm soil deep, SOC stock size decreased but its stability increased in MG, whereas both its size and stability had few changes in CF or CL, modified by soil physicochemical property associated with microbial stoichiometry and Rs. Overall, the effects of microbial stoichiometry and microenvironment on SOC stock were not pronounced. Thus, SOC stock size changed with soil depth and tree species but its stability tended to be steady at all depths varying with tree species. These results suggest that SOC stock size and stability are mainly determined by self-regulation process of forest ecosystems over more than three-decade after forest conversion, which will help us more accurately assess C sequestration strategies regarding long-term forest conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China.
| | - Mei He
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China
| | - Pengyun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 43007, China.
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Decoupling of P from C, N, and K Elements in Cucumber Leaves Caused by Nutrient Imbalance under a Greenhouse Continuous Cropping System. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7120528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is insufficient information regarding the stoichiometric variation and coupling status of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the leaves of nutrient-enriched greenhouse agroecosystems with increasing planting time. Therefore, we assessed the variation in elemental stoichiometry ratios in soil and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves, and the coupling status of elemental utilization in the leaves under continuous cropping systems using natural (only soil; i.e., control soil, CO) and artificial (soil + straw + chicken + urea; i.e., straw mixture soil, ST) soil via monitoring studies for 11 years in a solar greenhouse. Soil organic C, total N, and total P concentrations increased by 63.4%, 72.7%, and 144.3% in the CO, respectively, after 11 years of cultivation (compared to the first year), and by 18.1%, 24.3%, and 117.7% in the ST under continuous cropping conditions, respectively. Total K concentrations remained unchanged in both soils. Moreover, the availability of these soil elements increased to different degrees in both soils after 11 years of planting. Additionally, the leaf P concentration increased by 9.8% in the CO, while leaf N and K concentrations did not change, suggesting decoupling of P utilization from that of N and K in leaves under a continuous cropping system. These findings suggest that imbalanced soil nutrients under continuous cropping conditions results in decoupling of P from N and K in the utilization of leaf nutrients.
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Patterns and Internal Stability of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus in Soils and Soil Microbial Biomass in Terrestrial Ecosystems in China: A Data Synthesis. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12111544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by the strict constraint ratio (relatively low variability) between carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) in global soils and soil microbial biomass, our study explores the biogeographic distribution of C:N:P stoichiometric ratios in soils and soil microbial biomass in China and seeks to identify areas with similar ratios. Our study also attempts to determine the impacts of soil and soil microbial biomass C:N:P in China and the factors determining the ratio. The element concentrations may vary in each phylogenetic group of soils and soil microbial communities in China’s terrestrial ecosystems, as they do in global terrestrial ecosystems. However, on average, the C:N:P ratios for soil (66:5:1) and soil microbial biomass (22:2:1) are highly constrained within China. Soil microbial biomass C, N, and P concentrations have relatively weak internal stability, while soil microbial biomass C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios do not have internal stability at the national scale and in different terrestrial ecosystems of China. Unlike plant N:P, which can be used as the basis for evaluations of nutrient restrictions, the use of soil or soil microbial biomass N:P to evaluate soil nutrients is not universal. Latitude is the main factor influencing the patterns of soil C, N, and P. Longitude is the main factor determining the patterns of soil microbial biomass C, N, and P. pH is the main nonzonal factor affecting the patterns of soil and soil microbial biomass C, N, and P. The findings of this study are helpful in understanding the spatial pattern of soils and soil microbial biomass and their influencing factors in regions with complex ecosystems.
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Vonk JA, Smulders FOH, Christianen MJA, Govers LL. Seagrass leaf element content: A global overview. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 134:123-133. [PMID: 28986112 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge on the role of seagrass leaf elements and in particular micronutrients and their ranges is limited. We present a global database, consisting of 1126 unique leaf values for ten elements, obtained from literature and unpublished data, spanning 25 different seagrass species from 28 countries. The overall order of average element values in seagrass leaves was Na>K>Ca>Mg>S>Fe>Al>Si>Mn>Zn. Although we observed differences in leaf element content between seagrass families, high intraspecific variation indicated that leaf element content was more strongly determined by environmental factors than by evolutionary history. Early successional species had high leaf Al and Fe content. In addition, seagrass leaf element content also showed correlations with macronutrients (N and P), indicating that productivity also depends on other elements. Expected genomes of additional seagrass species in combination with experiments manipulating (micro)nutrients and environmental drivers might enable us to unravel the importance of various elements to sustain productive and flourishing meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arie Vonk
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Fee O H Smulders
- Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolijn J A Christianen
- Marine Evolution and Conservation, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura L Govers
- Conservation Ecology Group, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Aquatic Ecology and Environmental Biology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research (IWWR), Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Shen F, Wang L, Zhou Q, Huang X. Effects of lanthanum on Microcystis aeruginosa: Attention to the changes in composition and content of cellular microcystins. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2018; 196:9-16. [PMID: 29324395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Algal blooms threaten human health and aquatic ecosystem through the production of microcystins (MCs) by toxic strains. The accumulation of rare earth elements (REEs) in water affects the growth and physiological activities of algae. However, whether or how REEs affect cellular microcystins (MCs) is largely unknown. In this study, the effects of lanthanum ion [La(III)], a type of REE, on the MCs in Microcystis aeruginosa were investigated, and the mechanism of the effect was analyzed using ecological stoichiometry. The different concentrations of La(III) were selected to correlate environmental pollution status. Low-dose La(III) (0.2, 2.0, and 4.0 μM) exposure increased the total content of MCs and the percentage contents of microcystin-YR (MC-YR) and microcystin-LW (MC-LW) and decreased the percentage content of microcystin-LR (MC-LR). High-dose La(III) (8.0, 20, 40, and 60 μM) exposure decreased the total content of the MCs, increased the percentage content of MC-LR, and decreased the percentage contents of MC-YR and MC-LW. The changes in the total MCs content were positively associated with the ratios of C:P and N:P in algal cells. The composition of MCs was dependent on the ratio of C:N in algal cells; for example, the percentage content of MC-LR decreased and the percentage content of MC-YR and MC-LW increased as the ratio of C:N in algal cells increased. In conclusion, La(III) could affect the content and composition of MCs via changes in the growth and chlorophyll-a content of Microcystis aeruginosa, and these effects depended on the ratios of C:P, N:P, and C:N in Microcystis aeruginosa. Such changes may influence the toxicity of Microcystis blooms. The results provides a new insight into the mechanism of REEs effects on algal toxins and provide references for evaluating environmental risks of REEs pollution in aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Wuxi Environmental Monitoring Central Station, Wuxi, 214121, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China; Jiangsu Cooperative Innovation Center of Water Treatment Technology and Materials, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Xiaohua Huang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Stenzel B, Rofner C, Pérez MT, Sommaruga R. Stoichiometry of natural bacterial assemblages from lakes located across an elevational gradient. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5875. [PMID: 28725017 PMCID: PMC5517659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotrophic bacteria are thought to be phosphorus-rich organisms with relatively homeostatic stoichiometry, but the elemental composition of natural bacterial communities has rarely been assessed. Here we tested whether bacterial stoichiometry changes with the trophic status of lakes by assessing the elemental composition of the bacterial-dominated (hereafter microbial) fraction together with that of the dissolved and seston fractions in 11 lakes situated along an elevational gradient. The stoichiometry of these three size-fractions was analyzed during the thermal stratification and mixing periods in composite water samples and in the water layer of the deep chlorophyll-a maximum. In addition, we analyzed the relative abundance of the most common bacterial groups in the lakes. Our results show that the microbial fraction was always enriched in phosphorus compared to the dissolved fraction, irrespectively of the lake trophic status. Further, they indicate that the elemental composition of bacteria in mountain lakes is at least seasonally very dynamic, resulting not only from changes in the nutrient ratios of the resource itself, but probably from changes in the composition of the dominant bacterial taxa too, though at the taxonomic level analyzed, we did not find evidence for this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Stenzel
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carina Rofner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Teresa Pérez
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ruben Sommaruga
- University of Innsbruck, Institute of Ecology, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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