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Latypova L, Murzakhanov F, Mamin G, Sadovnikova M, von Bardeleben HJ, Rau JV, Gafurov M. Exploring High-Spin Color Centers in Wide Band Gap Semiconductors SiC: A Comprehensive Magnetic Resonance Investigation (EPR and ENDOR Analysis). Molecules 2024; 29:3033. [PMID: 38998983 PMCID: PMC11243473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
High-spin defects (color centers) in wide-gap semiconductors are considered as a basis for the implementation of quantum technologies due to the unique combination of their spin, optical, charge, and coherent properties. A silicon carbide (SiC) crystal can act as a matrix for a wide variety of optically active vacancy-type defects, which manifest themselves as single-photon sources or spin qubits. Among the defects, the nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV) are of particular importance. This paper is devoted to the application of the photoinduced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and electron-nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) techniques at a high-frequency range (94 GHz) to obtain unique information about the nature and properties of NV defects in SiC crystal of the hexagonal 4H and 6H polytypes. Selective excitation by microwave and radio frequency pulses makes it possible to determine the microscopic structure of the color center, the zero-field splitting constant (D = 1.2-1.3 GHz), the phase coherence time (T2), and the values of hyperfine (≈1.1 MHz) and quadrupole (Cq ≈ 2.45 MHz) interactions and to define the isotropic (a = -1.2 MHz) and anisotropic (b = 10-20 kHz) contributions of the electron-nuclear interaction. The obtained data are essential for the implementation of the NV defects in SiC as quantum registers, enabling the optical initialization of the electron spin to establish spin-photon interfaces. Moreover, the combination of optical, microwave, and radio frequency resonant effects on spin centers within a SiC crystal shows the potential for employing pulse EPR and ENDOR sequences to implement protocols for quantum computing algorithms and gates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Latypova
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Da-Zhi Street, Harbin 150001, China;
- Zhengzhou Research Institute, Harbin Institute of Technology, 26 Intersection of Longyuan East 7th Street and Longhu Central North Road, Zhengdong New District, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Fadis Murzakhanov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.M.); (M.S.)
| | - George Mamin
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Margarita Sadovnikova
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.M.); (M.S.)
| | - Hans Jurgen von Bardeleben
- Institut des Nanosciences de Paris, Campus Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, 4, Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Julietta V. Rau
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISM-CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Analytical, Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Trubetskaya 8, Build. 2, 119048 Moscow, Russia
| | - Marat Gafurov
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (G.M.); (M.S.)
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Han B, Gao X, Lv J, Tang Z. Magnetic Circular Dichroism in Nanomaterials: New Opportunity in Understanding and Modulation of Excitonic and Plasmonic Resonances. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1801491. [PMID: 30345582 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique capability of magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) in revealing geometry and electronic information has provided new opportunities in exploring the relationship between structure and magneto-optical properties in nanomaterials with extraordinary optical absorption. Here, the representative studies referring to application of the MCD technique in semiconductor and noble metal nanomaterials are overviewed. MCD is powerful in elucidating the structural information of the excitonic transition in semiconductor nanocrystals, electronic transitions in noble metal nanoclusters, and plasmon resonance in noble metal nanostructures. By virtue of these advantages, the MCD technique shows its unrivalled ability in evaluating the magnetic modulation of excitonic and plasmonic optical activity of nanomaterials with varied chemical composition, geometry, assembly conformation, and coupling effect. Knowledge of the key factors in manipulating magneto-optical properties at the nanoscale acquired with the MCD technique will largely boost the application of semiconductor and noble nanomaterials in the fields of sensing, spintronic, nanophotonics, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Lv
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Strassberg R, Delikanli S, Barak Y, Dehnel J, Kostadinov A, Maikov G, Hernandez-Martinez PL, Sharma M, Demir HV, Lifshitz E. Persuasive Evidence for Electron-Nuclear Coupling in Diluted Magnetic Colloidal Nanoplatelets Using Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:4437-4447. [PMID: 31314537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of magnetic impurities into semiconductor nanocrystals with size confinement promotes enhanced spin exchange interaction between photogenerated carriers and the guest spins. This interaction stimulates new magneto-optical properties with significant advantages for emerging spin-based technologies. Here we observe and elaborate on carrier-guest interactions in magnetically doped colloidal nanoplatelets with the chemical formula CdSe/Cd1-xMnxS, explored by optically detected magnetic resonance and magneto-photoluminescence spectroscopy. The host matrix, with a quasi-type II electronic configuration, introduces a dominant interaction between a photogenerated electron and a magnetic dopant. Furthermore, the data convincingly presents the interaction between an electron and nuclear spins of the doped ions located at neighboring surroundings, with consequent influence on the carrier's spin relaxation time. The nuclear spin contribution by the magnetic dopants in colloidal nanoplatelets is considered here for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rotem Strassberg
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Savas Delikanli
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yahel Barak
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Joanna Dehnel
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Alyssa Kostadinov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Georgy Maikov
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Pedro Ludwig Hernandez-Martinez
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
| | - Manoj Sharma
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Luminous Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Nanyang Technological University-NTU Singapore , 639798 Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
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Rourk CJ. Ferritin and neuromelanin "quantum dot" array structures in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta and norepinephrine neurons of the locus coeruleus. Biosystems 2018; 171:48-58. [PMID: 30048795 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this review, the author shows that ferritin has documented quantum dot material properties that have been reported in numerous independent studies, and can enable quantum mechanical electron transport over substantial distances. In addition, neuromelanin is a pi-conjugated polymer, and quantum dot/pi-conjugated polymer combinations have been reported in numerous independent studies to facilitate electron transport for solar photovoltaic and other applications. Both ferritin and neuromelanin are present in large quantities in the dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compactaand the norepinephrine neurons of the locus coeruleus. The unique structure of subgroups of these neurons that have a large number of axon branches and synapses may have evolved to take advantage of this electron transport mechanism, if it is present, such as to coordinate conscious action, or for other purposes. Independent clinical and laboratory studies are also reviewed that corroborate this theory of coordinated action in these neuron groups. Research to validate the theory using charge transport measurements, materials characterization, existing fluorescent probe material and reaction time testing is proposed.
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Moro F, Turyanska L, Wilman J, Williams HEL, Fielding AJ, Patanè A. Surface Sensing of Quantum Dots by Electron Spins. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:6343-6348. [PMID: 27624349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The nanoscale design of quantum dots (QDs) requires advanced analytical techniques. However, those that are commonly used do not have sufficient sensitivity or spatial resolution. Here, we use magnetic resonance techniques combined with paramagnetic Mn impurities in PbS QDs for sensitive probing of the QD surface and environment. In particular, we reveal inequivalent proton spin relaxations of the capping ligands and solvent molecules, strengths and anisotropies of the Mn nuclear spin interactions, and Mn nuclei distances with ∼1 Å sensitivity. These findings demonstrate the potential of magnetically doped QDs as sensitive magnetic nanoprobes and the use of electron spins for surface sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Moro
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Lyudmila Turyanska
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
- School of Chemistry, University of Lincoln , Lincoln LN6 7DL, United Kingdom
| | - James Wilman
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Huw E L Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Fielding
- The Photon Science Institute and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Amalia Patanè
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
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Pimachev A, Poudyal U, Proshchenko V, Wang W, Dahnovsky Y. Large enhancement in photocurrent by Mn doping in CdSe/ZTO quantum dot sensitized solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:26771-26776. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp04263e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the presence of Mn impurities in relatively small concentrations (2.3%) the photoelectric current of CdSe QDSCCs increases by up to 190%. We propose an electron tunneling mechanism from the quantum dot LUMO state to the Zn2SnO4 semiconductor photoanode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Pimachev
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/3905
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | - Uma Poudyal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/3905
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | | | - Wenyong Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/3905
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
| | - Yuri Dahnovsky
- Department of Physics and Astronomy/3905
- University of Wyoming
- Laramie
- USA
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