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Chen S, Zhang H, Guo Z, Pagonabarraga I, Zhang X. A capillary-induced negative pressure is able to initiate heterogeneous cavitation. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2863-2870. [PMID: 38465416 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00143e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
A capillarity-induced negative pressure is of general importance for understanding the phase behaviors of liquids in small pores and cracks. A unique example is the embolism in the xylem of plants and the cavitation at the limiting negative pressure generated by evaporation of water from nanocapillaries in the cell walls of leaves. In this work, by combining the effect of a capillary and cavitation together, we demonstrate with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that capillarity is able to induce spontaneous cavitation in the presence of hydrophobic heterogeneities. Our simulation results reveal separately how the capillary generates a negative pressure and how the generated negative pressure affects the onset of cavitation. We then interpret the cavitation mechanism and determine the occurrence of cavitation as a function of the hydrophobicity of the nucleating substrates where the cavitation initiates and as a function of the hydrophilicity of the capillary tube from which the negative pressure generates. Our results reveal that the capillary-induced cavitation can be described well with a heterogeneous nucleation mechanism, within the framework of classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Hongguang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Zhenjiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ignacio Pagonabarraga
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Barcelona, C. Martí I Franquès 1, Barcelona E08028, Spain.
- UBICS University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems, Martí i Franquès 1, Barcelona E08028, Spain
| | - Xianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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Vasileiou AN, Theodorakopoulos GV, Karousos DS, Bouroushian M, Sapalidis AA, Favvas EP. Nanocarbon-Based Mixed Matrix Pebax-1657 Flat Sheet Membranes for CO 2/CH 4 Separation. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050470. [PMID: 37233531 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, Pebax-1657, a commercial multiblock copolymer (poly(ether-block-amide)), consisting of 40% rigid amide (PA6) groups and 60% flexible ether (PEO) linkages, was selected as the base polymer for preparing dense flat sheet mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) using the solution casting method. Carbon nanofillers, specifically, raw and treated (plasma and oxidized) multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) were incorporated into the polymeric matrix in order to improve the gas-separation performance and polymer's structural properties. The developed membranes were characterized by means of SEM and FTIR, and their mechanical properties were also evaluated. Well-established models were employed in order to compare the experimental data with theoretical calculations concerning the tensile properties of MMMs. Most remarkably, the tensile strength of the mixed matrix membrane with oxidized GNPs was enhanced by 55.3% compared to the pure polymeric membrane, and its tensile modulus increased 3.2 times compared to the neat one. In addition, the effect of nanofiller type, structure and amount to real binary CO2/CH4 (10/90 vol.%) mixture separation performance was evaluated under elevated pressure conditions. A maximum CO2/CH4 separation factor of 21.9 was reached with CO2 permeability of 384 Barrer. Overall, MMMs exhibited enhanced gas permeabilities (up to fivefold values) without sacrificing gas selectivity compared to the corresponding pure polymeric membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios N Vasileiou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Attica, Greece
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - George V Theodorakopoulos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Attica, Greece
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysios S Karousos
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Attica, Greece
| | - Mirtat Bouroushian
- School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Street, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas A Sapalidis
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Attica, Greece
| | - Evangelos P Favvas
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Center for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Aghia Paraskevi, 15341 Attica, Greece
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Doebele V, Benoit-Gonin A, Souris F, Cagnon L, Spathis P, Wolf PE, Grosman A, Bossert M, Trimaille I, Rolley E. Direct Observation of Homogeneous Cavitation in Nanopores. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:255701. [PMID: 33416391 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.255701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report on the evaporation of hexane from porous alumina and silicon membranes. These membranes contain billions of independent nanopores tailored to an ink-bottle shape, where a cavity several tens of nanometers in diameter is separated from the bulk vapor by a constriction. For alumina membranes with narrow enough constrictions, we demonstrate that cavity evaporation proceeds by cavitation. Measurements of the pressure dependence of the cavitation rate follow the predictions of the bulk, homogeneous, classical nucleation theory, definitively establishing the relevance of homogeneous cavitation as an evaporation mechanism in mesoporous materials. Our results imply that porous alumina membranes are a promising new system to study liquids in a deeply metastable state.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Doebele
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - A Benoit-Gonin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - F Souris
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - L Cagnon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - P Spathis
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - P E Wolf
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Institut Néel, F-38042 Grenoble, France
| | - A Grosman
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - M Bossert
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - I Trimaille
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - E Rolley
- Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
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Enninful HRNB, Schneider D, Hoppe A, König S, Fröba M, Enke D, Valiullin R. Comparative Gas Sorption and Cryoporometry Study of Mesoporous Glass Structure: Application of the Serially Connected Pore Model. Front Chem 2019; 7:230. [PMID: 31041305 PMCID: PMC6476905 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen sorption and melting and freezing of water in a small pore size mesoporous glass with irregular pore structure is studied. The analysis of the experimentally obtained data is performed using the recently developed serially connected pore model (SCPM). The model intrinsically incorporates structural disorder by introducing coupling between nucleation and phase growth mechanisms in geometrically disordered mesopore spaces. It is shown that, in contrast to the independent pore models prevailing in the literature, SCPM self-consistently describes not only boundary transitions, but also the entire family of the scanning transitions. The scanning behavior is shown to be very sensitive to microscopic details of the fluid phase distribution within the porous materials, hence can be used to check the validity of the thermodynamic models and to improve the structural analysis. We show excellent quantitative agreement between the structural information evaluated from the cryoporometry and gas sorption data using SCPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R N B Enninful
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Schneider
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antonia Hoppe
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra König
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Fröba
- Institute of Inorganic and Applied Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dirk Enke
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Chemical Technology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rustem Valiullin
- Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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Michailidi ED, Bomis G, Varoutoglou A, Efthimiadou EK, Mitropoulos AC, Favvas EP. Fundamentals and applications of nanobubbles. ADVANCED LOW-COST SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN INTERFACE SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814178-6.00004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Kosheleva RI, Varoutoglou AT, Bomis GA, Kyzas GZ, Favvas EP, Mitropoulos AC. A rotating sample cell for in situ measurements of adsorption with x-rays. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:123113. [PMID: 30599600 DOI: 10.1063/1.5053860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A sample cell which facilitates adsorption in conjunction with small angle x-ray scattering under a rotational field is presented. The device allows dynamic phenomena that take place within a pore system to be investigated in situ by x-rays. As an example, a sample of Vycor porous glass was measured at relative pressures p/po = 0 and p/po = 0.5. For the static measurements, the results were as expected. Under rotation, an increase in the scattered intensity of the loaded sample, over the corresponding static one, is observed. Fractal analysis has shown an increase in the fractal dimension even higher than that of the dry sample. It was suggested that the increase in the scattered intensity was due to the rotation, while the abnormality in the fractal dimension was due to asymmetric ripples of the adsorbed layers. The limits of the technique are given too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramonna I Kosheleva
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, St. Lucas, 654 04 Kavala, Greece
| | - Athanasios T Varoutoglou
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, St. Lucas, 654 04 Kavala, Greece
| | - George A Bomis
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, St. Lucas, 654 04 Kavala, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, St. Lucas, 654 04 Kavala, Greece
| | - Evangelos P Favvas
- Membranes and Materials for Environmental Separations Laboratory, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos" Ag. Paraskevi, Attica 153 41, Greece
| | - Athanasios Ch Mitropoulos
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Petroleum and Mechanical Engineering, Eastern Macedonia and Thrace Institute of Technology, St. Lucas, 654 04 Kavala, Greece
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Scanning of Adsorption Hysteresis In Situ with Small Angle X-Ray Scattering. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164636. [PMID: 27741263 PMCID: PMC5065227 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Everett's theorem-6 of the domain theory was examined by conducting adsorption in situ with small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) supplemented by the contrast matching technique. The study focuses on the spectrum differences of a point to which the system arrives from different scanning paths. It is noted that according to this theorem at a common point the system has similar macroscopic properties. Furthermore it was examined the memory string of the system. We concluded that opposite to theorem-6: a) at a common point the system can reach in a finite (not an infinite) number of ways, b) a correction for the thickness of the adsorbed film prior to capillary condensation is necessary, and c) the scattering curves although at high-Q values coincide, at low-Q values are different indicating different microscopic states. That is, at a common point the system holds different metastable states sustained by hysteresis effects. These metastable states are the ones which highlight the way of a system back to a return point memory (RPM). Entering the hysteresis loop from different RPMs different histories are implanted to the paths toward the common point. Although in general the memory points refer to relaxation phenomena, they also constitute a characteristic feature of capillary condensation. Analogies of the no-passing rule and the adiabaticity assumption in the frame of adsorption hysteresis are discussed.
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