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The Biological Origins of Soil Organic Matter in Different Land-Uses in the Highlands of Ethiopia. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13040560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the Ethiopian highlands, clearance of Afromontane dry forest and conversion to crop and grazing land lead to land degradation and loss of soil organic matter (SOM). Eucalyptus is often grown on degraded soils, and this results in the partial recovery of soil carbon stocks. The aim of this work was to assess the biological sources of SOM in this land-use sequence. In top-soils (0–10 cm) of four land-use systems, namely remnant natural forest, eucalyptus plantation, cropland, and grazing land, in the Ethiopian highlands, the origin of SOM was investigated. For this, a sequential extraction method was used, involving a solvent extraction, base hydrolysis, and a subsequent CuO oxidation. In these extracts, biomarkers (molecular proxies) were identified to characterize the SOM of the soil of the four land-uses. Putative lipid monomers of leaf, root, and microbial degradation products suggest that root inputs and microbial inputs dominate in SOM of all the land-uses, except grazing land. The ratios of syringyls, vanillyls, and cinnamyls showed that non-woody angiosperm plants were the predominant source for lignin in eucalyptus, cropland, and grazing land soil. In the soils of the natural forest, lignin originates from both woody angiosperms and woody gymnosperms. Our study shows the importance of root and microbial inputs in the formation of SOM, but also that, in the natural forest, legacies of previous forest cover are present.
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Luo B, Liu B, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li X, Ma L, Wang Y, Bai Y, Zhang X, Li J, Yang J, Long C. Wild edible plants collected by Hani from terraced rice paddy agroecosystem in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:56. [PMID: 31775804 PMCID: PMC6882008 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0336-x#bib1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hani people in the Honghe Prefecture of Southeastern Yunnan, China, have practiced terraced rice paddy farming for more than 1300 years. These rice fields, combined with the surrounding forests and water systems, form a special agroecosystem that has attracted both tourists and scientists. For centuries, the local people have traditionally collected wild edible plants (WEP) from the agroecosystem, but this unique traditional practice in this area has never been reported. METHODS Ethnobotanical fieldwork was conducted in four counties (Yuanyang, Honghe, Jinping, and Lüchun) between 2014 and 2019. Local self-identified Hani people (186) were interviewed, and information concerning local WEP species was obtained, documented, and analyzed. Plant samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. RESULTS A total of 224 WEP species, belonging to 90 families and 170 genera, were recorded as used by the Hani people in Honghe. The most common WEP parts used include fruits, stems, and leaves, and the most common preparation methods include eating as a potherb (wild vegetable) and eating fresh. Some WEPs, like Phyllanthus emblica and Dioscorea subcalva, have unique preparation methods. The use-value (UV) and frequency of utilization index (FUI) of WEP species were analyzed. The 20 WEP species with the highest UV were noted as particularly important to the Hani people's daily life in Honghe. CONCLUSION A large majority of these WEP species possess tremendous economic potential for future development. However, the diversity of WEP species, the associated traditional knowledge, and the broader agroecosystem are facing challenges such as biodiversity loss and pollution from chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This study may help local people to recognize the value of local WEP species and associated traditional knowledge, as well as provide ethnobotanical information for the future development of this tourism region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsheng Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Bureau of Word Heritage of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan China
| | - Hongkang Zhang
- Bureau of Word Heritage of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan China
| | - Xuan Li
- Bureau of Word Heritage of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yujia Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jianqin Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jun Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Luo B, Liu B, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li X, Ma L, Wang Y, Bai Y, Zhang X, Li J, Yang J, Long C. Wild edible plants collected by Hani from terraced rice paddy agroecosystem in Honghe Prefecture, Yunnan, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:56. [PMID: 31775804 PMCID: PMC6882008 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hani people in the Honghe Prefecture of Southeastern Yunnan, China, have practiced terraced rice paddy farming for more than 1300 years. These rice fields, combined with the surrounding forests and water systems, form a special agroecosystem that has attracted both tourists and scientists. For centuries, the local people have traditionally collected wild edible plants (WEP) from the agroecosystem, but this unique traditional practice in this area has never been reported. METHODS Ethnobotanical fieldwork was conducted in four counties (Yuanyang, Honghe, Jinping, and Lüchun) between 2014 and 2019. Local self-identified Hani people (186) were interviewed, and information concerning local WEP species was obtained, documented, and analyzed. Plant samples and voucher specimens were collected for taxonomic identification. RESULTS A total of 224 WEP species, belonging to 90 families and 170 genera, were recorded as used by the Hani people in Honghe. The most common WEP parts used include fruits, stems, and leaves, and the most common preparation methods include eating as a potherb (wild vegetable) and eating fresh. Some WEPs, like Phyllanthus emblica and Dioscorea subcalva, have unique preparation methods. The use-value (UV) and frequency of utilization index (FUI) of WEP species were analyzed. The 20 WEP species with the highest UV were noted as particularly important to the Hani people's daily life in Honghe. CONCLUSION A large majority of these WEP species possess tremendous economic potential for future development. However, the diversity of WEP species, the associated traditional knowledge, and the broader agroecosystem are facing challenges such as biodiversity loss and pollution from chemical pesticides and fertilizers. This study may help local people to recognize the value of local WEP species and associated traditional knowledge, as well as provide ethnobotanical information for the future development of this tourism region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsheng Luo
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Hongzhen Zhang
- Bureau of Word Heritage of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan China
| | - Hongkang Zhang
- Bureau of Word Heritage of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan China
| | - Xuan Li
- Bureau of Word Heritage of Honghe Prefecture, Mengzi, 661100 Yunnan China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yizhou Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yujia Bai
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jianqin Li
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Jun Yang
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Bao H, Kao SJ, Lee TY, Zehetner F, Huang JC, Chang YP, Lu JT, Lee JY. Distribution of organic carbon and lignin in soils in a subtropical small mountainous river basin. GEODERMA 2017; 306:81-88. [PMID: 31798184 PMCID: PMC6887555 DOI: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a unique biomarker of terrigenous organic matter (OM), lignin has provided valuable information for tracing the sources of OM in land to ocean transfer. Oceanian small mountainous rivers (SMRs) are characterized by extremely high erosional rate and quick change in microclimate within watershed, which may potentially affect the distribution of soil OC and lignin concentrations and compositions. Bulk OC% and lignin were determined on surface soils and soil profiles from a Taiwanese SMR (Jhuoshuei River) and nearby region along a large altitudinal gradient (3-3176 m) to investigate the influence of microclimate on soil OC and lignin. Both surface soils OC% and lignin increased in higher altitude, suggesting higher preservation of OM in the cold region. Variations in lignin vegetation indices (S/V and C/V) in surface soils generally reflect the vegetation change in this river basin, and were more affected by precipitation seasonality than mean annual precipitation. Lignin concentration decreased with depth, along with a decrease in S/V and C/V and an increase in degradation indices ((Ad/Al)v and DHBA/V), reflecting a decreased input and/or biodegradation of lignin in subsoils. Our survey on soil lignin in Taiwan SMR provided the basis for utilizing lignin to trace the source of OC in land to ocean transfer as well as paleo-climate and paleo-vegetation reconstruction study in Taiwan SMRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Zhoulongquan Building, Xiang'an Campus, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuh-Ji Kao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Zhoulongquan Building, Xiang'an Campus, Xiamen University, 361102 Xiamen, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Tsung-Yu Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Franz Zehetner
- Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Str. 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jr-Chuan Huang
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Pin Chang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tai Lu
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Lee
- Department of Geography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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