1
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Melo-Fonseca F, Gasik M, Cruz A, Moreira D, S. Silva F, Miranda G, Mendes Pinto I. Engineering a Hybrid Ti6Al4V-Based System for Responsive and Consistent Osteogenesis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:8985-8994. [PMID: 38434873 PMCID: PMC10905591 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
As the aging population increases worldwide, the incidence of musculoskeletal diseases and the need for orthopedic implants also arise. One of the most desirable goals in orthopedic reconstructive therapies is de novo bone formation. Yet, reproducible, long-lasting, and cost-effective strategies for implants that strongly induce osteogenesis are still in need. Nanoengineered titanium substrates (and their alloys) are among the most used materials in orthopedic implants. Although having high biocompatibility, titanium alloys hold a low bioactivity profile. The osteogenic capacity and osseointegration of Ti-based implantable systems are limited, as they critically depend on the body-substrate interactions defined by blood proteins adsorbed into implant surfaces that ultimately lead to the recruitment, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to comply bone formation and regeneration. In this work, a hybrid Ti6Al4V system combining micro- and nanoscale modifications induced by hydrothermal treatment followed by functionalization with a bioactive compound (fibronectin derived from human plasma) is proposed, aiming for bioactivity improvement. An evaluation of the biological activity and cellular responses in vitro with respect to bone regeneration indicated that the integration of morphological and chemical modifications into Ti6Al4V surfaces induces the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs to improve bone regeneration by an enhancement of mineral matrix formation that accelerates the osseointegration process. Overall, this hybrid system has numerous competitive advantages over more complex treatments, including reproducibility, low production cost, and potential for improved long-term maintenance of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Melo-Fonseca
- Center
for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate
Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Michael Gasik
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University
Foundation, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Andrea Cruz
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Daniel Moreira
- Institute
for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto 4200-135, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center
for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate
Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Georgina Miranda
- CICECO, Aveiro
Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Inês Mendes Pinto
- International
Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Braga 4715-330, Portugal
- Institute
for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto 4200-135, Portugal
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2
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Erenay B, Sağlam ASY, Garipcan B, Jandt KD, Odabaş S. Bone surface mimicked PDMS membranes stimulate osteoblasts and calcification of bone matrix. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213170. [PMID: 36341745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cellular microenvironments play a crucial role in cell behavior. In addition to the biochemical cues present in the microenvironments, biophysical and biomechanical properties on surfaces have an impact on cellular functionality and eventually cellular fate. Effects of surface topography on cell behavior are being studied extensively in the literature. However, these studies often try to replicate topographical features of tissue surfaces by using techniques such as chemical etching, photolithography, and electrospinning, which may result in the loss of crucial micro- and nano- features on the tissue surfaces such as bone. This study investigates the topographical effects of bone surface by transferring its surface features onto polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes using soft lithography from a bovine femur. Our results have shown that major features on bone surfaces were successfully transferred onto PDMS using soft lithography. Osteoblast proliferation and calcification of bone matrix have significantly increased along with osteoblast-specific differentiation and maturation markers such as osteocalcin (OSC), osterix (OSX), collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) on bone surface mimicked (BSM) PDMS membranes in addition to a unidirectional alignment of osteoblast cells compared to plain PDMS surfaces. This presented bone surface mimicking method can provide a versatile native-like platform for further investigation of intracellular pathways regarding osteoblast growth and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Erenay
- Biomimetics and Bioinspired Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34684, Turkey
| | - Atiye Seda Yar Sağlam
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Besevler, Ankara 06500, Turkey
| | - Bora Garipcan
- Biomimetics and Bioinspired Biomaterials Research Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, 34684, Turkey
| | - Klaus D Jandt
- Chair of Materials Science, Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena 07743, Germany.
| | - Sedat Odabaş
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory (BteLAB), Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ankara University, 06560, Turkey; Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Advanced Materials (INTRAM), Ankara University, Ankara 06560, Turkey.
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3
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Raj Pandey A, Rai D, Singh SP, Tripathi AK, Sardar A, Ansari A, Mishra A, Bhagwati S, Bhatta RS, Siddiqi MI, Chattopadhyay N, Trivedi R, Sashidhara KV. Synthesis and Evaluation of Galloyl Conjugates of Flavanones as BMP-2 Upregulators with Promising Bone Anabolic and Fracture Healing Properties. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12487-12505. [PMID: 34410127 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular hybridization concept led us to design a series of galloyl conjugates of flavanones that have potent osteoblast differentiation ability in vitro and promote bone formation in vivo. An array of in vitro studies, especially gene expression of osteogenic markers, evinced compound 5e as the most potent bone anabolic agent, found to be active at 1 pM, which was then further assessed for its osteogenic potential in vivo. From in vivo studies on rat calvaria and a fracture defect model, we inferred that compound 5e, at an oral dose of 5 mg/(kg day), increased the expression of osteogenic genes (RUNX2, BMP-2, Col1, and OCN) and the bone formation rate and significantly promoted bone regeneration at the fracture site, as evidenced by the increased bone volume/tissue fraction compared with vehicle-treated rats. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship studies and pharmacokinetic studies suggest 5e as a potential bone anabolic lead for future osteoporosis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Raj Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Divya Rai
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research on ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Suriya Pratap Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Tripathi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research on ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anirban Sardar
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research on ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Alisha Ansari
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Anjali Mishra
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Sudha Bhagwati
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Rabi Sankar Bhatta
- Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Mohammad Imran Siddiqi
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research on ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research on ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
| | - Koneni V Sashidhara
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.,Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility & Research, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, BS-10/1, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, U.P., India
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4
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Shin TH, Theodorou E, Holland C, Yamin R, Raggio CL, Giampietro PF, Sweetser DA. TLE4 Is a Critical Mediator of Osteoblast and Runx2-Dependent Bone Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:671029. [PMID: 34422801 PMCID: PMC8377417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.671029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy bone homeostasis hinges upon a delicate balance and regulation of multiple processes that contribute to bone development and metabolism. While examining hematopoietic regulation by Tle4, we have uncovered a previously unappreciated role of Tle4 on bone calcification using a novel Tle4 null mouse model. Given the significance of osteoblasts in both hematopoiesis and bone development, this study investigated how loss of Tle4 affects osteoblast function. We used dynamic bone formation parameters and microCT to characterize the adverse effects of Tle4 loss on bone development. We further demonstrated loss of Tle4 impacts expression of several key osteoblastogenic genes, including Runx2, Oc, and Ap, pointing toward a potential novel mechanism for Tle4-dependent regulation of mammalian bone development in collaboration with the RUNX family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H. Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Evangelos Theodorou
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Carl Holland
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rae’e Yamin
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cathleen L. Raggio
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - David A. Sweetser
- Department of Pediatrics, Center of Genomic Medicine, Divisions of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Medical Genetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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5
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Designing topographically textured microparticles for induction and modulation of osteogenesis in mesenchymal stem cell engineering. Biomaterials 2020; 266:120450. [PMID: 33096376 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are the focus of intense research in bone development and regeneration. The potential of microparticles as modulating moieties of osteogenic response by utilizing their architectural features is demonstrated herein. Topographically textured microparticles of varying microscale features are produced by exploiting phase-separation of a readily soluble sacrificial component from polylactic acid. The influence of varying topographical features on primary human mesenchymal stem cell attachment, proliferation and markers of osteogenesis is investigated. In the absence of osteoinductive supplements, cells cultured on textured microparticles exhibit notably increased expression of osteogenic markers relative to conventional smooth microparticles. They also exhibit varying morphological, attachment and proliferation responses. Significantly altered gene expression and metabolic profiles are observed, with varying histological characteristics in vivo. This study highlights how tailoring topographical design offers cell-instructive 3D microenvironments which allow manipulation of stem cell fate by eliciting the desired downstream response without use of exogenous osteoinductive factors.
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6
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Shanbhag S, Suliman S, Bolstad AI, Stavropoulos A, Mustafa K. Xeno-Free Spheroids of Human Gingiva-Derived Progenitor Cells for Bone Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:968. [PMID: 32974308 PMCID: PMC7466771 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingiva has been identified as a minimally invasive source of multipotent progenitor cells (GPCs) for use in bone tissue engineering (BTE). To facilitate clinical translation, it is important to characterize GPCs in xeno-free cultures. Recent evidence indicates several advantages of three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cultures of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) over conventional 2D monolayers. The present study aimed to characterize human GPCs in xeno-free 2D cultures, and to test their osteogenic potential in 3D cultures, in comparison to bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). Primary GPCs and BMSCs were expanded in human platelet lysate (HPL) or fetal bovine serum (FBS) and characterized based on in vitro proliferation, immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation. Next, 3D spheroids of GPCs and BMSCs were formed via self-assembly and cultured in HPL. Expression of stemness- (SOX2, OCT4, NANOG) and osteogenesis-related markers (BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, OCN) was assessed at gene and protein levels in 3D and 2D cultures. The cytokine profile of 3D and 2D GPCs and BMSCs was assessed via a multiplex immunoassay. Monolayer GPCs in both HPL and FBS demonstrated a characteristic MSC-like immunophenotype and multi-lineage differentiation; osteogenic differentiation of GPCs was enhanced in HPL vs. FBS. CD271+ GPCs in HPL spontaneously acquired a neuronal phenotype and strongly expressed neuronal/glial markers. 3D spheroids of GPCs and BMSCs with high cell viability were formed in HPL media. Expression of stemness- and osteogenesis-related genes was significantly upregulated in 3D vs. 2D GPCs/BMSCs; the latter was independent of osteogenic induction. Synthesis of SOX2, BMP2 and OCN was confirmed via immunostaining, and in vitro mineralization via Alizarin red staining. Finally, secretion of several growth factors and chemokines was enhanced in GPC/BMSC spheroids, while that of pro-inflammatory cytokines was reduced, compared to monolayers. In summary, monolayer GPCs expanded in HPL demonstrate enhanced osteogenic differentiation potential, comparable to that of BMSCs. Xeno-free spheroid culture further enhances stemness- and osteogenesis-related gene expression, and cytokine secretion in GPCs, comparable to that of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Shanbhag
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Salwa Suliman
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Isine Bolstad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Andreas Stavropoulos
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Division of Regenerative Medicine and Periodontology, University Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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7
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Zhang B, Guo L, Chen H, Ventikos Y, Narayan RJ, Huang J. Finite element evaluations of the mechanical properties of polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffolds by direct ink writing: Effects of pore geometry. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 104:103665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Saunders R, Kaul H, Berair R, Gonem S, Singapuri A, Sutcliffe AJ, Chachi L, Biddle MS, Kaur D, Bourne M, Pavord ID, Wardlaw AJ, Siddiqui SH, Kay RA, Brook BS, Smallwood RH, Brightling CE. DP 2 antagonism reduces airway smooth muscle mass in asthma by decreasing eosinophilia and myofibroblast recruitment. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/479/eaao6451. [PMID: 30760581 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aao6451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased airway smooth muscle mass, a feature of airway remodeling in asthma, is the strongest predictor of airflow limitation and contributes to asthma-associated morbidity and mortality. No current drug therapy for asthma is known to affect airway smooth muscle mass. Although there is increasing evidence that prostaglandin D2 type 2 receptor (DP2) is expressed in airway structural and inflammatory cells, few studies have addressed the expression and function of DP2 in airway smooth muscle cells. We report that the DP2 antagonist fevipiprant reduced airway smooth muscle mass in bronchial biopsies from patients with asthma who had participated in a previous randomized placebo-controlled trial. We developed a computational model to capture airway remodeling. Our model predicted that a reduction in airway eosinophilia alone was insufficient to explain the clinically observed decrease in airway smooth muscle mass without a concomitant reduction in the recruitment of airway smooth muscle cells or their precursors to airway smooth muscle bundles that comprise the airway smooth muscle layer. We experimentally confirmed that airway smooth muscle migration could be inhibited in vitro using DP2-specific antagonists in an airway smooth muscle cell culture model. Our analyses suggest that fevipiprant, through antagonism of DP2, reduced airway smooth muscle mass in patients with asthma by decreasing airway eosinophilia in concert with reduced recruitment of myofibroblasts and fibrocytes to the airway smooth muscle bundle. Fevipiprant may thus represent a potential therapy to ameliorate airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Himanshu Kaul
- University of Leicester, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK. .,University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S1 4DP, UK
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9
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Kaul H. Respiratory healthcare by design: Computational approaches bringing respiratory precision and personalised medicine closer to bedside. Morphologie 2019; 103:194-202. [PMID: 31711740 DOI: 10.1016/j.morpho.2019.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine represents a potentially powerful means to alleviate the growing burden of chronic respiratory diseases. To realise its potential, however, we need a systems level understanding of how biological events (signalling pathways, cell-cell interactions, tissue mechanics) integrate across multiple spatial and temporal scales to give rise to pathology. This can be achieved most practically in silico: a paradigm that offers tight control over model parameters and rapid means of testing and generating mechanistic hypotheses. Patient-specific computational models that can enable identification of pathological mechanisms unique to patients' (omics, physiological, and anatomical) profiles and, therefore, personalised drug targets represent a major milestone in precision medicine. Current patient-based models in literature, especially medical devices, cardiac modelling, and respiratory medicine, rely mostly on (partial/ordinary) differential equations and have reached relatively advanced level of maturity. In respiratory medicine, patient-specific simulations mainly include subject scan-based lung mechanics models that can predict pulmonary function, but they treat the (sub)cellular processes as "black-boxes". A recent advance in simulating human airways at a cellular level to make clinical predictions raises the possibility of linking omics and cell level data/models with lung mechanics to understand respiratory pathology at a systems level. This is significant as this approach can be extended to understanding pathologies in other organs as well. Here, I will discuss ways in which computational models have already made contributions to personalised healthcare and how the paradigm can expedite clinical uptake of precision medicine strategies. I will mainly focus on an agent-based, asthmatic virtual patient that predicted the impact of multiple drug pharmacodynamics at the patient level, its potential to develop efficacious precision medicine strategies in respiratory medicine, and the regulatory and ethical challenges accompanying the mainstream application of such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kaul
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
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10
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Abstract
The complexity of morphogenesis poses a fundamental challenge to understanding the mechanisms governing the formation of biological patterns and structures. Over the past century, numerous processes have been identified as critically contributing to morphogenetic events, but the interplay between the various components and aspects of pattern formation have been much harder to grasp. The combination of traditional biology with mathematical and computational methods has had a profound effect on our current understanding of morphogenesis and led to significant insights and advancements in the field. In particular, the theoretical concepts of reaction–diffusion systems and positional information, proposed by Alan Turing and Lewis Wolpert, respectively, dramatically influenced our general view of morphogenesis, although typically in isolation from one another. In recent years, agent-based modeling has been emerging as a consolidation and implementation of the two theories within a single framework. Agent-based models (ABMs) are unique in their ability to integrate combinations of heterogeneous processes and investigate their respective dynamics, especially in the context of spatial phenomena. In this review, we highlight the benefits and technical challenges associated with ABMs as tools for examining morphogenetic events. These models display unparalleled flexibility for studying various morphogenetic phenomena at multiple levels and have the important advantage of informing future experimental work, including the targeted engineering of tissues and organs.
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11
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Veselá B, Švandová E, Bobek J, Lesot H, Matalová E. Osteogenic and Angiogenic Profiles of Mandibular Bone-Forming Cells. Front Physiol 2019; 10:124. [PMID: 30837894 PMCID: PMC6389724 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mandible is a tooth-bearing structure involving one of the most prominent bones of the facial region. Mesenchymal cell condensation is the first morphological sign of osteogenesis, and several studies have focused on this stage also in the mandible. Little information is available about the early post-condensation period, during which avascular soft condensation turns into vascularized bone, and all three major bone cell types, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts, differentiate. In the mouse first lower molar region, the post-condensation period corresponds to the prenatal days 13–15. If during this critical period, when osteogenesis reaches the point of major bone cell differentiation, vascularization already has to play a critical role, one should be able to show molecular changes which support both types of cellular events. The aim of the present report was to follow in organ context the expression of major osteogenic and angiogenic markers and identify those that are up- or downregulated during this period. To this end, PCR Array was applied covering molecules involved in osteoblastic cell proliferation, commitment or differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition, mineralisation, osteocyte maturation, angiogenesis, osteoclastic differentiation, and initial bone remodeling. From 161 analyzed osteogenic and angiogenic factors, the expression of 37 was altered when comparing the condensation stage with the bone stage. The results presented here provide a molecular survey of the early post-condensation stage of mandibular/alveolar bone development which has not yet been investigated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Veselá
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Švandová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jan Bobek
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Hervé Lesot
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Eva Matalová
- Laboratory of Molecular Morphogenesis, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia.,Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czechia
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12
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Chawla S, Sharma A, Bandyopadhyay A, Ghosh S. Developmental Biology-Inspired Strategies To Engineer 3D Bioprinted Bone Construct. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3545-3560. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Chawla
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Amitabha Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences & Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
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13
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Osteogenesis induced by a three-dimensional bioimplant composed of demineralised bone matrix, collagen, hydroxyapatite, and bone marrow-derived cells in massive bone defects: An experimental study. Tissue Cell 2017; 50:69-78. [PMID: 29429520 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of massive bone defects is one of the most difficult problems to solve in orthopedics. At present, there is no consensus on the best way to resolve these problems. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of a three-dimensional bioimplant over massive bone defects, and to analyse if it improves the speed and quality of integration in recipient bone compared to allograft treatment. Fifteen female lambs with massive bone defects, surgically created in their tibias, were randomly divided into three groups of five lambs each: Group I -treated with the bioimplant; Group 2 -treated with the bioimplant plus nucleated cells of autologous bone marrow; Group 3 -treated with a frozen allograft. Radiographs were taken post-treatment at weeks 1, 6, and 12. Animals were euthanized to obtain the studied bone segment for morphological analyses. TREATMENT with bioimplants vs. bioimplant plus bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs) showed a notorious osteogenic effect, but with greater osteoid synthesis and cellularity in the latter. These results suggest that combined treatment with bioimplants and BMNCs have an additive effect on massive bone defects in lambs. These experimental results could be applied to repair damaged human bone.
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