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Song W, Cao LJ, Chen JC, Bao WX, Wei SJ. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis. Sci Data 2024; 11:582. [PMID: 38834623 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a global invasive species that causes increasing damage by direct feeding on crops and transmission of plant viruses. Here, we assemble a previously published scaffold-level genome into a chromosomal level using Hi-C sequencing technology. The assembled genome has a size of 302.58 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1533 bp, scaffold N50 of 19.071 Mb, and BUSCO completeness of 97.8%. All contigs are anchored on 15 chromosomes. A total of 16,312 protein-coding genes are annotated in the genome with a BUSCO completeness of 95.2%. The genome contains 492 non-coding RNA, and 0.41% of interspersed repeats. In conclusion, this high-quality genome provides a convenient and high-quality resource for understanding the ecology, genetics, and evolution of thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wen-Xue Bao
- College of Forestry, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010019, China
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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2
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Zhou YM, Xie W, Zhi JR, Zou X. Frankliniella occidentalis pathogenic fungus Lecanicillium interacts with internal microbes and produces sublethal effects. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 197:105679. [PMID: 38072536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a pest that feeds on various crops worldwide. A prior study identified Lecanicillium attenuatum and L. cauligalbarum as pathogens of F. occidentalis. Unfortunately, the potential of these two entomopathogenic fungi for the biocontrol of F. occidentalis has not been effectively evaluated. The internal microbes (endosymbionts and the gut microbiota) of insects, especially gut bacteria, are crucial in regulating the interactions between the host and intestinal pathogens. The role of thrips internal microbes in the infection of these two entomopathogenic fungi is also unknown. Therefore, biological control of thrips is immediately needed, and to accomplish that, an improved understanding of the internal microbes of thrips against Lecanicillium infection is essential. The virulence of the two pathogenic fungi against F. occidentalis increased with the conidia concentration. Overall, the LC50 of L. cauligalbarum was lower than that of L. attenuatum, and the pathogenicity degree was adult > pupa > nymphs. The activities of protective enzymes include superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD); detoxification enzymes include polyphenol oxidase (PPO), glutathione s-transferase (GSTs), and carboxylesterase (CarE); hormones include ecdysone and juvenile hormone; and the composition and proportion of microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) in F. occidentalis infected by L. cauligalbarum and L. attenuatum have changed significantly. According to the network correlation results, there was a considerable correlation among the internal microbes (including bacteria and fungi), enzyme activities, and hormones, which indicates that in addition to bacteria, internal fungi of F. occidentalis are also involved in the L. cauligalbarum and L. attenuatum infection process. In addition, the development time of the surviving F. occidentalis exposed to L. cauligalbarum or L. attenuatum was significantly shorter than that of the control group. Furthermore, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate of increase (λ), net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation time (T), and gross reproductive rate (GRR) were significantly lower in the treatment groups than in the control group. L. attenuatum and L. cauligalbarum have biocontrol potential against F. occidentalis. In addition to bacteria, internal fungi of F. occidentalis are also involved in the infection process of insect pathogenic fungi. Disruption of the internal microbial balance results in discernible sublethal effects. Such prevention and control potential should not be ignored. These findings provide an improved understanding of physiological responses in thrips with altered immunity against entomopathogenic fungal infections, which can guide us toward the development of novel biocontrol strategies against thrips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ming Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China; Institute of Fungus Resources, Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jun-Rui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
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Temporal decline of genetic differentiation among populations of western flower thrips across an invaded range. Biol Invasions 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-023-03024-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Ghosh A, Jangra S, Dietzgen RG, Yeh WB. Frontiers Approaches to the Diagnosis of Thrips (Thysanoptera): How Effective Are the Molecular and Electronic Detection Platforms? INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12100920. [PMID: 34680689 PMCID: PMC8540714 DOI: 10.3390/insects12100920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thrips are important agricultural and forest pests. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and transmitting several plant viruses. Correct identification is the key for epidemiological studies and formulating appropriate management strategies. The application of molecular and electronic detection platforms has improved the morphological character-based diagnosis of thrips species. This article reviews research on molecular and automated identification of thrips species and discusses future research strategies for rapid and high throughput thrips diagnosis. Abstract Thrips are insect pests of economically important agricultural, horticultural, and forest crops. They cause damage by sucking plant sap and by transmitting several tospoviruses, ilarviruses, carmoviruses, sobemoviruses, and machlomoviruses. Accurate and timely identification is the key to successful management of thrips species. However, their small size, cryptic nature, presence of color and reproductive morphs, and intraspecies genetic variability make the identification of thrips species challenging. The use of molecular and electronic detection platforms has made thrips identification rapid, precise, sensitive, high throughput, and independent of developmental stages. Multi-locus phylogeny based on mitochondrial, nuclear, and other markers has resolved ambiguities in morphologically indistinguishable thrips species. Microsatellite, RFLP, RAPD, AFLP, and CAPS markers have helped to explain population structure, gene flow, and intraspecies heterogeneity. Recent techniques such as LAMP and RPA have been employed for sensitive and on-site identification of thrips. Artificial neural networks and high throughput diagnostics facilitate automated identification. This review also discusses the potential of pyrosequencing, microarrays, high throughput sequencing, and electronic sensors in delimiting thrips species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalendu Ghosh
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Sumit Jangra
- Insect Vector Laboratory, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India; (A.G.); (S.J.)
| | - Ralf G. Dietzgen
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Wen-Bin Yeh
- Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan;
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Zhou Y, Zou X, Zhi J, Xie J, Jiang T. Fast Recognition of Lecanicillium spp., and Its Virulence Against Frankliniella occidentalis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:561381. [PMID: 33193147 PMCID: PMC7642397 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.561381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a highly rasping-sucking pest of numerous crops. The entomogenous fungi of Lecanicillium spp. are important pathogens of insect pests, and some species have been developed as commercial biopesticides. To explore Lecanicillium spp. resources in the development of more effective F. occidentalis controls, efficient barcode combinations for strain identification were screened from internal transcribed spacers (ITS), SSU, LSU, TEF, RPB1, and RPB2 genes. RESULTS Six genes were used to reconstruct Lecanicillium genus phylogeny. The results showed that ITS, TEF, RPB1, and RPB2 could be used to identify the strains. All phylogenetic trees reconstructed by free combination of these four genes exhibited almost the same topology. Bioassay studies of a purified conidial suspension further confirmed the infection of second-instar nymphs and adult female F. occidentalis by seven Lecanicillium strains. L. attenuatum strain GZUIFR-lun1405 was the most virulent, killing approximately 91.67% F. occidentalis adults and 76.67% nymphs after a 7-day exposure. L. attenuatum strain GZUIFR-lun1405 and L. cauligalbarum strain GZUIFR-ZHJ01 were selected to compare the fungal effects on the number of eggs laid by F. occidentalis. The number of F. occidentalis nymphs significantly decreased when F. occidentalis adults were treated with L. cauligalbarum strain GZUIFR-ZHJ01. CONCLUSIONS The combination of ITS and RPB1 could be used for fast recognition of Lecanicillium spp. This is the first report of the pathogenicity of L. attenuatum, L. cauligalbarum, L araneogenum, and L. aphanocladii against F. occidentalis. Additionally, L. cauligalbarum strain GZUIFR-ZHJ01 caused high F. occidentalis mortality and inhibited the fecundity of the pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeming Zhou
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junrui Zhi
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiqin Xie
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guiyang, China
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Marullo R, Mercati F, Vono G. DNA Barcoding: A Reliable Method for the Identification of Thrips Species (Thysanoptera, Thripidae) Collected on Sticky Traps in Onion Fields. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080489. [PMID: 32752172 PMCID: PMC7469196 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Thrips species (Insecta, Thysanoptera) identification using traditional approach is not an easy. In the present study, DNA barcoding was used to support the thrips species characterization of a wide collection sampled in onion fields. Our findings confirmed the selected method as a simple and accurate approach identifying major thrips species, characterizing successfully nearly 86% of the samples collected in nine main species. The results here reported underlined the role of genetic markers as a valuable and useful method for species identification, especially when the morphological approach is unsure or even impossible. Abstract Several thrips species (Insecta, Thysanoptera) are globally known as important crop pests and vectors of viral diseases, but their identification is difficult because of their small body size and inconspicuous morphological differences. Sequencing variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) region has been proven to be useful for the identification of species of many groups of insect pests. Here, DNA barcoding has been used to identify thrips species collected with the use of sticky traps placed in an open onion field. A total of 238 thrips specimens were analyzed, 151 of which could be identified to species and 27 to genera belonging to the family Thripidae. Fifty-one specimens could not be assigned to any genus, with the closest BLAST match in the GenBank queries being below 98%, whilst six specimens were not recognized as Thysanoptera. The results indicate that, although there are a few pest thrips species not yet barcoded, most of the species that may cause damage to crops in Europe are represented in GenBank and other databases, enabling correct identification. Additionally, DNA barcoding can be considered a valuable alternative to the classic morphology method for identification of major thrips species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Marullo
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo Di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0965-1694255
| | - Francesco Mercati
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, 90129 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Gregorio Vono
- Department of Agriculture, Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria, Località Feo Di Vito, 89060 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
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Zhang B, Qian W, Qiao X, Xi Y, Wan F. Invasion biology, ecology, and management of Frankliniella occidentalis in China. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21613. [PMID: 31549439 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Frankliniella occidentalis is an economically important invasive pest worldwide, which can damage various horticultural crops and ornamental plants. F. occidentalis was first intercepted in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2000, and first reported to establish a population in Beijing, China in 2003. Since then, this pest is currently distributed across tens of provinces in mainland China and cause increasingly serious damage and loss. To control this pest, invasion biology, monitoring, and integrated pest management have been generally and intensively studied for 15 years in China. Furthermore, western flower thrips (WFT) as an important invasive insect pest, the research achievements on WFT has contributed to the promotion of technological innovation and development for invasive alien species management strategies and techniques in China. This review provides an overview for research on the biology, ecology, prevention, and management of this pest during 15 years in China. Meanwhile, China's "4E action" strategy on F. occidentalis is also discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wanqiang Qian
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xi
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanghao Wan
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- China-Australia Joint Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Health, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Helsen K, Hagenblad J, Acharya KP, Brunet J, Cousins SAO, Decocq G, De Frenne P, Kimberley A, Kolb A, Michaelis J, Plue J, Verheyen K, Speed JDM, Graae BJ. No genetic erosion after five generations for Impatiens glandulifera populations across the invaded range in Europe. BMC Genet 2019; 20:20. [PMID: 30782117 PMCID: PMC6379953 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-019-0721-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The observation that many alien species become invasive despite low genetic diversity has long been considered the 'genetic paradox' in invasion biology. This paradox is often resolved through the temporal buildup genetic diversity through multiple introduction events. These temporal dynamics in genetic diversity are especially important for annual invasive plants that lack a persistent seed bank, for which population persistence is strongly dependent on consecutive seed 're-establishment' in each growing season. Theory predicts that the number of seeds during re-establishment, and the levels of among-population gene flow can strongly affect recolonization dynamics, resulting in either an erosion or build-up of population genetic diversity through time. This study focuses on temporal changes in the population genetic structure of the annual invasive plant Impatiens glandulifera across Europe. We resampled 13 populations in 6 regions along a 1600 km long latitudinal gradient from northern France to central Norway after 5 years, and assessed population genetic diversity with 9 microsatellite markers. RESULTS Our study suggests sufficiently high numbers of genetically diverse founders during population re-establishment, which prevent the erosion of local genetic diversity. We furthermore observe that I. glandulifera experiences significant among-population gene flow, gradually resulting in higher genetic diversity and lower overall genetic differentiation through time. Nonetheless, moderate founder effects concerning population genetic composition (allele frequencies) were evident, especially for smaller populations. Despite the initially low genetic diversity, this species seems to be successful at persisting across its invaded range, and will likely continue to build up higher genetic diversity at the local scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Helsen
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7034, Trondheim, Norway. .,Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Biology Department, University of Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, BE-3001, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Jenny Hagenblad
- IFM - Biology, Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kamal P Acharya
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7034, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jörg Brunet
- Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 49, SE-230 53, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Sara A O Cousins
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Guillaume Decocq
- Edysan (FRE 3498 CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 1 rue des Louvels, FR-80037, Amiens Cedex, France
| | - Pieter De Frenne
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - Adam Kimberley
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Kolb
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry (FB 02), Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jana Michaelis
- Vegetation Ecology and Conservation Biology, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry (FB 02), Institute of Ecology, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 5, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jan Plue
- Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kris Verheyen
- Forest & Nature Lab, Ghent University, Geraardsbergsesteenweg 267, BE-9090, Gontrode-Melle, Belgium
| | - James D M Speed
- Department of Natural History, NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bente J Graae
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7034, Trondheim, Norway
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Wu S, Tang L, Zhang X, Xing Z, Lei Z, Gao Y. A decade of a thrips invasion in China: lessons learned. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1032-1038. [PMID: 29027089 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-017-1864-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive polyphagous pest with an expanding global range that damages a wide variety of crops. F. occidentalis was first reported in China from Yunnan province during 2000, and has rapidly expanded its range since then. It is currently distributed across at least 10 provinces in China and has become a particularly devastating pest, causing substantial damage and economic losses. At present, the still heavy reliance on frequent use of insecticides for control of F. occidentalis, has lead to a series of ecological problems stemming from insecticide resistance, interspecific displacement and non-target effects. Thus, integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, multiple complementary tactics, including preventive tactics, biological controls, and judicious use of insecticides will likely provide a viable IPM strategy for control of F. occidentalis in the near future. This review provides an overview for information gained during the 10+ years since the invasion of F. occidentalis into China, reviews lessons that have been learned enhancing our overall understanding of the biology and ecology of F. occidentalis and discusses IPM practices relative to this widespread invasive insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Liangde Tang
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute,, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, PR China
| | - Xingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhenlong Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | | | - Yulin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, PR China.
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Tyagi K, Kumar V, Singha D, Chandra K, Laskar BA, Kundu S, Chakraborty R, Chatterjee S. DNA Barcoding studies on Thrips in India: Cryptic species and Species complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4898. [PMID: 28687754 PMCID: PMC5501822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05112-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrips are one of the major sucking pest and vector of plant viruses causing huge economic loss in agriculture. The accurate identification of thrips is crucial for effective pest management strategies. However, morphology based identification has limitations and warrants integration of molecular data. We attempted the largest DNA barcoding initiative on 370 sequences of 89 thrips morphospecies including 104 novel sequences from 39 morphospecies, including the type specimens of four species. The results of multiple species delimitation methods (BIN, ABGD, GMYC and bPTP) were consistent for 73 species (82%) with their morphological identifications. A total of 107 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) was recovered for 89 morphospecies by superimposing multiple methods and applying a three level nomenclature system. We detected more than one MOTU in 14 morphospecies indicating to have cryptic diversity including, two major vector species (Frankliniella schultzei and Thrips palmi). However, four morphospecies (Thrips moundi, Thrips carthami, Haplothrips andersi and Haplothrips gowdeyi) showed low genetic distances between them with overlapping in barcode gap that requires further analysis with multiple molecular markers and more specimens from wide geographical areas for better taxonomic judgment. We also presented the advantage of simultaneous use of multiple delimitation methods for detection and identification of cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaomud Tyagi
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Devkant Singha
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Kailash Chandra
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Boni Amin Laskar
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Shantanu Kundu
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Rajasree Chakraborty
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumantika Chatterjee
- Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, M- Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, 700 053, West Bengal, India
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Cao LJ, Wang ZH, Gong YJ, Zhu L, Hoffmann AA, Wei SJ. Low genetic diversity but strong population structure reflects multiple introductions of western flower thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) into China followed by human-mediated spread. Evol Appl 2017; 10:391-401. [PMID: 28352298 PMCID: PMC5367077 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Historical invasion scenarios based on observational records are usually incomplete and biased, but these can be supplemented by population genetic data. The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, invaded China in the last 13 years and has rapidly become one of the most serious pests in the country. To assess whether this invasion involved a single event or multiple events, we examined patterns of genetic diversity and population structure of WFT across 12 Chinese populations and a native US population based on mitochondrial DNA and/or 18 microsatellite loci. The average allelic richness and haplotype diversity in Chinese populations were significantly lower than in a population from its native range. The distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes suggested multiple independent invasions of WFT into China, including two invasions into the Beijing region. Based on microsatellite data, two distinct clusters were identified, with both of them splitting further into two clusters; in the Beijing region, the microsatellite data also provided evidence for two introductions. Both the absence of isolation by distance and the fact that distant populations were similar genetically suggest patterns of WFT movement linked to human activities. Our study therefore suggests multiple introductions of WFT into China and human-assisted spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Cao
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
| | - Ary Anthony Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences Bio21 Institute The University of Melbourne Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing China
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Wang ZH, Gong YJ, Jin GH, Li BY, Chen JC, Kang ZJ, Zhu L, Gao YL, Reitz S, Wei SJ. Field-evolved resistance to insecticides in the invasive western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in China. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1440-1444. [PMID: 26617067 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the current status of insecticide resistance of the invasive western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in China, the responses of six field populations to six commonly used insecticides, i.e. spinosad, spinetoram, cyantraniliprole, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and pyriproxyfen, were evaluated in comparison with a susceptible laboratory strain. RESULTS Field populations tended to be less susceptible than the laboratory strain. The population from Shouguang, Shandong Province, showed the lowest levels of susceptibility. A 15.64-fold and 17.29-fold resistance to spinosad and spinetoram was detected in the Shouguang population. A 11.74-fold and 13.64-fold resistance to cyantraniliprole was detected in populations from Daxing in the Beijing area and Shouguang. All populations showed a low level of resistance to imidacloprid, acetamiprid and pyriproxyfen, except for the Shouguang population, which was 127.58-fold more resistant to pyriproxyfen. CONCLUSION Variations in resistance to the tested insecticides were observed among the sampled population. Spinosad and spinetoram were the most efficient insecticides and are recommended for use in an integrated management programme. Resistance management strategies should be implemented to reduce the potential for resistance evolving. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hua Wang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Jun Gong
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jin
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bing-Yan Li
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Cui Chen
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zong-Jiang Kang
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stuart Reitz
- Malheur County Extension, Oregon State University, Ontario, OR, USA
| | - Shu-Jun Wei
- Institute of Plant and Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
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