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Liu X, Dai H, Li G, Jia R, Meng X, Yu S, Yang L, Hong J. Screening copy number variations in 35 unsolved inherited retinal disease families. Hum Genet 2024; 143:197-210. [PMID: 38282009 PMCID: PMC10881639 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to screen Copy Number Variations (CNVs) in 35 unsolved Inherited Retinal Dystrophy (IRD) families. Initially, next generation sequencing, including a specific Hereditary Eye Disease Enrichment Panel or Whole exome sequencing, was employed to screen (likely) pathogenic Single-nucleotide Variants (SNVs) and small Insertions and Deletions (indels) for these cases. All available SNVs and indels were further validated and co-segregation analyses were performed in available family members by Sanger sequencing. If not, after excluding deep intronic variants, Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), quantitative fluorescence PCR (QF-PCR) and Sanger sequencing were employed to screen CNVs. We determined that 18 probands who had heterozygous SNVs/indels or whose parents were not consanguineous but had homozygous SNVs/indels in autosomal recessive IRDs genes had CNVs in another allele of these genes, 11 families had disease-causing hemizygous CNVs in X-linked IRD genes, 6 families had (likely) pathogenic heterozygous CNVs in PRPF31 gene. Of 35 families, 33 different CNVs in 16 IRD-associated genes were detected, with PRPF31, EYS and USH2A the most common disease-causing gene in CNVs. Twenty-six and 7 of them were deletion and duplication CNVs, respectively. Among them, 14 CNVs were first reported in this study. Our research indicates that CNVs contribute a lot to IRDs, and screening of CNVs substantially increases the diagnostic rate of IRD. Our results emphasize that MLPA and QF-PCR are ideal methods to validate CNVs, and the novel CNVs reported herein expand the mutational spectrums of IRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hehua Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Genlin Li
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ruixuan Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiang Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Jing Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Xu J, Zheng Y, Cheng L, Sun H, Yu X, Gu F, Song E. GPR143 mutations in an X-linked infantile nystagmus syndrome cohort in Southeast China. Mol Vis 2023; 29:234-244. [PMID: 38222445 PMCID: PMC10784212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS), or congenital nystagmus (CN), refers to a group of ocular motor disorders characterized by rapid to-and-fro oscillations of the eyes. GPR143 is the causative gene of ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), which is a special type of INS that manifests as reduced vision, nystagmus, and iris and fundus hypopigmentation. Here, we explored the genetic spectrum of INS and the genotype-phenotype correlation. Methods A total of 98 families with INS from Southeast China were recruited for this study. A sample from each participant was subjected to PCR-based DNA direct sequencing of GPR143. Varied bioinformatics analysis was subsequently used in a mutation assessment. All participants received detailed ophthalmic examinations. Results Genetic analysis identified 11 GPR143 mutations in 11.2% (11/98) of the X-linked INS families. These included seven novel mutations (c.899 C>T, c.886-2 A>G, c.1A>G, c.633_643del CCTGTTCCAAA, c.162_198delCGCGGGCCCCGGGTCCCCCGCGACGTCCCCGCCGGCC, c.628C>A, and c.178_179insGGGTCCC) and four known mutations. Patients who carried a GPR143 mutation were found to present a typical or atypical phenotype of OA1. All patients with GPR143 mutations manifested foveal hypoplasia; thus, about 45.8% (11/24) of the families with total X-linked INS exhibited foveal hypoplasia. Conclusions We discovered seven novel mutations and four previously reported mutations of GPR143 in a cohort of families with X-linked INS and enlarged the Chinese genetic spectrum of INS. These findings offer new insights for developing genetic screening strategies and shed light on the importance of conducting genetic analysis in confirming the clinical diagnosis in unresolved patients and atypical phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingling Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Yihan Zheng
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Lulu Cheng
- Eye Department in People's Hospital of Longgang District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huihui Sun
- Eye Department of Children Hosptial in Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xinping Yu
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - Feng Gu
- Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou China
| | - E Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lixiang Eye Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Lv X, Zheng Z, Zhi X, Zhou Y, Lv J, Zhou Y, Wu B, Liu S, Shi W, Song Z, Xu J, Qu J, Xu D, Gu F. Identification of RPGR ORF15 mutation for X-linked retinitis pigmentosa in a large Chinese family and in vitro correction with prime editor. Gene Ther 2023; 30:160-166. [PMID: 35794468 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-022-00352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) is the most severe form of Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) and one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. Currently, there is no effective treatment for RP. In the present study, we recruited a XLRP family and identified a 4 bp deletion mutation (c. 2234_2237del) in RPGR ORF15 with Sanger sequencing, which was located in the exact same region as the missing XES (X chromosome exome sequencing) coverage. Then, we generated cell lines harboring the identified mutation and corrected it via enhanced prime editing system (ePE). Collectively, Sanger sequencing identified a pathogenic mutation in RPGR ORF15 for XLRP which was corrected with ePE. This study provides a valuable insight for genetic counseling of the afflicted family members and prenatal diagnosis, also paves a way for applying prime editing based gene therapy in those patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Lv
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Zheng Zheng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Xiao Zhi
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jineng Lv
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Binrong Wu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Sixiu Liu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100054, China
| | - Zongming Song
- Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University and People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jinling Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
| | - Feng Gu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Vision Science, Ministry of Health and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
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Arcadepani FB, Gadelha A, Margolis RL. Mutation of GPR143 Associated With Ocular Albinism Type 1, Intellectual Disability, and Schizophrenia: The Complex Biological and Social Interactions Between Genetic Syndromes and Mental Illness. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:77-81. [PMID: 36649556 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Copy number variations, which manifest primarily as deletions and duplications, contribute significantly to the genetic risk of schizophrenia. Specific syndromes associated with copy number variations, exemplified by the 22q11 deletion syndrome, confer both congenital abnormalities and an elevated risk of schizophrenia. We report the case of a patient with a deletion of exons 2 through 8 of GPR143. In addition to having the ophthalmologic disorder ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), a well-established consequence of mutations of GPR143, the patient is also intellectually impaired and impulsive, and he developed schizophrenia at age 15. Psychiatric manifestations of OA1 have not previously been reported, yet remain plausible, as the GPR143 protein is widely distributed in the brain and may function as an L-DOPA receptor. However, the patient described here also had a family history of psychiatric disorders independent of OA1, in utero exposure to heroin and cocaine, and challenging family circumstances. We suggest that the relationship between his GPR143 mutation and his psychiatric disorders is complex. The mutation may have directly contributed to his cognitive and psychiatric disorders, but we also suspect that OA1, present in multiple family members, contributed to multigenerational familial instability. Further, OA1 likely exacerbated our patient's cognitive and social impairment by interfering with his education, while his neuropsychiatric status frequently interfered with the assessment and treatment of his OA1. We conclude that the psychiatric and nonpsychiatric manifestations of a genetic syndrome are best managed in parallel and that psychiatrists and other mental health providers may be in the best position to assure that patients receive appropriate genetic and medical care.
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Suppiej A, Ceccato C, Lonardi V, Reffo ME. Infantile nystagmus without overt eye abnormality: Early features and neuro-ophthalmological diagnosis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2022; 64:1532-1538. [PMID: 35644009 PMCID: PMC9796881 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM To analyse the neuro-ophthalmological data of children referred for further work-up of infantile nystagmus where ophthalmological evaluation had not achieved a diagnosis. METHOD We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients presenting with infantile nystagmus at our institution between 2007 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were onset before 6 months of age, availability of complete ophthalmic examination, visual electrophysiological tests, and neurological examination. Children with a previous definite ophthalmological diagnosis at onset and those with uncertain nystagmus onset age were not recruited. RESULTS Out of 142 infants (mean age at nystagmus onset 3.6 mo, SD 1.7, range 0-6 mo; 56 females, 86 males), 23% had neurological nystagmus, 7% mixed neurological and sensory nystagmus, 48% sensory defect, and 22% idiopathic infantile nystagmus. The neurological diagnoses were inborn errors of metabolism, white matter genetic disorders, and brain malformations. The prevalent diagnosis in the sensory defect subgroup was retinal dystrophy. INTERPRETATION Infantile nystagmus without diagnostic ocular findings may be due to neurological, retinal, and optic nerve disorders or be a benign idiopathic condition. In infants with and without neurological abnormalities, the search for a sensory defect should include visual electrophysiology performed early in the diagnostic pathway. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS Infantile nystagmus without diagnostic ophthalmological signs has an underlying neurological cause in 30% of cases. Neurological diagnoses include congenital brain malformations, and metabolic and genetic disorders. Sensory defects are part of systemic neurological disorders in 23% of infants. Electrophysiology is useful when ophthalmological examination is uninformative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Suppiej
- Department of Medical Sciences, Paediatric SectionUniversity of FerraraFerraraItaly,Robert Hollman FoundationPadovaItaly
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Bueschbell B, Manga P, Schiedel AC. The Many Faces of G Protein-Coupled Receptor 143, an Atypical Intracellular Receptor. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:873777. [PMID: 35495622 PMCID: PMC9039016 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.873777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
GPCRs transform extracellular stimuli into a physiological response by activating an intracellular signaling cascade initiated via binding to G proteins. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) hold the potential to pave the way for development of new, innovative therapeutic strategies. In this review we will introduce G protein-coupled receptor 143 (GPR143), an enigmatic receptor in terms of classification within the GPCR superfamily and localization. GPR143 has not been assigned to any of the GPCR families due to the lack of common structural motifs. Hence we will describe the most important motifs of classes A and B and compare them to the protein sequence of GPR143. While a precise function for the receptor has yet to be determined, the protein is expressed abundantly in pigment producing cells. Many GPR143 mutations cause X-linked Ocular Albinism Type 1 (OA1, Nettleship-Falls OA), which results in hypopigmentation of the eyes and loss of visual acuity due to disrupted visual system development and function. In pigment cells of the skin, loss of functional GPR143 results in abnormally large melanosomes (organelles in which pigment is produced). Studies have shown that the receptor is localized internally, including at the melanosomal membrane, where it may function to regulate melanosome size and/or facilitate protein trafficking to the melanosome through the endolysosomal system. Numerous additional roles have been proposed for GPR143 in determining cancer predisposition, regulation of blood pressure, development of macular degeneration and signaling in the brain, which we will briefly describe as well as potential ligands that have been identified. Furthermore, GPR143 is a promiscuous receptor that has been shown to interact with multiple other melanosomal proteins and GPCRs, which strongly suggests that this orphan receptor is likely involved in many different physiological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Bueschbell
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Prashiela Manga
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Anke C. Schiedel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anke C. Schiedel,
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González-Iglesias E, López-Vázquez A, Noval S, Nieves-Moreno M, Granados-Fernández M, Arruti N, Rosa-Pérez I, Pacio-Míguez M, Montaño VEF, Rodríguez-Solana P, del Pozo A, Santos-Simarro F, Vallespín E. Next-Generation Sequencing Screening of 43 Families with Non-Syndromic Early-Onset High Myopia: A Clinical and Genetic Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4233. [PMID: 35457050 PMCID: PMC9031962 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset high myopia (EoHM) is a disease that causes a spherical refraction error of ≥-6 diopters before 10 years of age, with potential multiple ocular complications. In this article, we report a clinical and genetic study of 43 families with EoHM recruited in our center. A complete ophthalmological evaluation was performed, and a sample of peripheral blood was obtained from proband and family members. DNA was analyzed using a customized next-generation sequencing panel that included 419 genes related to ophthalmological disorders with a suspected genetic cause, and genes related to EoHM pathogenesis. We detected pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants in 23.9% of the families and detected variants of unknown significance in 76.1%. Of these, 5.7% were found in genes related to non-syndromic EoHM, 48.6% in genes associated with inherited retinal dystrophies that can include a syndromic phenotype, and 45.7% in genes that are not directly related to EoHM or retinal dystrophy. We found no candidate genes in 23% of the patients, which suggests that further studies are needed. We propose a systematic genetic analysis for patients with EoHM because it helps with follow-up, prognosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva González-Iglesias
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Ana López-Vázquez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Susana Noval
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Nieves-Moreno
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - María Granados-Fernández
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Natalia Arruti
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Irene Rosa-Pérez
- Department of Ophthalmology, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (A.L.-V.); (S.N.); (M.N.-M.); (M.G.-F.); (N.A.); (I.R.-P.)
| | - Marta Pacio-Míguez
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria E. F. Montaño
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
| | - Patricia Rodríguez-Solana
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
| | - Angela del Pozo
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Bioinformatics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Santos-Simarro
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
- Section of Clinical Genetics, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Vallespín
- Section of Molecular Ophthalmology, Medical and Molecular Genetics Institute (INGEMM) IdiPaz, La Paz University Hospital, 28046 Madrid, Spain; (E.G.-I.); (V.E.F.M.); (P.R.-S.)
- Biomedical Research Center in the Rare Diseases Network (CIBERER), Carlos II Health Institute (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.P.-M.); (A.d.P.); (F.S.-S.)
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Identification of a novel GPR143 mutation in a large Chinese family with isolated foveal hypoplasia. BMC Ophthalmol 2021; 21:156. [PMID: 33785018 PMCID: PMC8011130 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-021-01905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pathogenic variants of G-protein coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene often leads to ocular albinism type I (OA1) characterized by nystagmus, iris and fundus hypopigmentation, and foveal hypoplasia. In this study, we identified a novel hemizygous nonsense mutation in GPR143 that caused an atypical manifestation of OA1. Case presentation We reported a large Chinese family in which all affected individuals are afflicted with poor visual acuity and foveal hypoplasia without signs of nystagmus. Fundus examination of patients showed an absent foveal reflex and mild hypopigmentation. The fourth grade of foveal hypoplasia and the reduced area of blocked fluorescence at foveal region was detected in OCT. OCTA imaging showed the absence of foveal avascular zone. In addition, the amplitude of multifocal ERG was reduced in the central ring. Gene sequencing results revealed a novel hemizygous mutation (c.939G > A) in GPR143 gene, which triggered p.W313X. However, no iris depigmentation and nystagmus were observed among both patients and carriers. Conclusions In this study, we reported a novel nonsense mutation of GPR143 in a large family with poor visual acuity and isolated foveal hypoplasia without nystagmus, which further expanded the genetic mutation spectrum of GPR143.
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Wang XF, Chen H, Huang PJ, Feng ZK, Hua ZQ, Feng X, Han F, Xu XT, Shen RJ, Li Y, Jin ZB, Yu HY. Genotype-Phenotype Analysis and Mutation Spectrum in a Cohort of Chinese Patients With Congenital Nystagmus. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:627295. [PMID: 33732697 PMCID: PMC7958879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.627295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Congenital nystagmus (CN) is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous ocular disorder that manifests as involuntary, periodic oscillations of the eyes. To date, only FRMD7 and GPR143 have been reported to be responsible for causing CN. Here, we aimed to identify the disease-causing mutations and describe the clinical features in the affected members in our study. Methods: All the subjects underwent a detailed ophthalmic examination. Direct sequencing of all coding exons and splice site regions in FRMD7 and GPR143 and a mutation assessment were performed in each patient. Results: We found 14 mutations in 14/37 (37.8%) probands, including nine mutations in the FRMD7 gene and five mutations in the GPR143 gene, seven of which are novel, including c.284G>A(R95K), c.964C>T(P322S), c.284+10T>G, c.901T>C (Y301H), and c.2014_2023delTCACCCATGG(S672Pfs*12) in FRMD7, and c.250+1G>C, and c.485G>A (W162*) in GPR143. The mutation detection rate was 87.5% (7/8) of familial vs. 24.1% (7/29) of sporadic cases. Ten mutations in 24 (41.7%) non-syndromic subjects and 4 mutations in 13(30.8%) syndromic subjects were detected. A total of 77.8% (7/9) of mutations in FRMD7 were concentrated within the FERM and FA domains, while all mutations in GPR143 were located in exons 1, 2, 4 and 6. We observed that visual acuity tended to be worse in the GPR143 group than in the FRMD7 group, and no obvious difference in other clinical manifestations was found through comparisons in different groups of patients. Conclusions: This study identified 14 mutations (seven novel and seven known) in eight familial and 29 sporadic patients with congenital nystagmus, expanding the mutational spectrum and validating FRMD7 and GPR143 as mutation hotspots. These findings also revealed a significant difference in the screening rate between different groups of participants, providing new insights for the strategy of genetic screening and early clinical diagnosis of CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng-Juan Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Kun Feng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zi-Qi Hua
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Feng
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Xu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Juan Shen
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Yun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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10
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Self JE, Dunn MJ, Erichsen JT, Gottlob I, Griffiths HJ, Harris C, Lee H, Owen J, Sanders J, Shawkat F, Theodorou M, Whittle JP. Management of nystagmus in children: a review of the literature and current practice in UK specialist services. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1515-1534. [PMID: 31919431 PMCID: PMC7608566 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0741-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nystagmus is an eye movement disorder characterised by abnormal, involuntary rhythmic oscillations of one or both eyes, initiated by a slow phase. It is not uncommon in the UK and regularly seen in paediatric ophthalmology and adult general/strabismus clinics. In some cases, it occurs in isolation, and in others, it occurs as part of a multisystem disorder, severe visual impairment or neurological disorder. Similarly, in some cases, visual acuity can be normal and in others can be severely degraded. Furthermore, the impact on vision goes well beyond static acuity alone, is rarely measured and may vary on a minute-to-minute, day-to-day or month-to-month basis. For these reasons, management of children with nystagmus in the UK is varied, and patients report hugely different experiences and investigations. In this review, we hope to shine a light on the current management of children with nystagmus across five specialist centres in the UK in order to present, for the first time, a consensus on investigation and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Self
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - M J Dunn
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J T Erichsen
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Gottlob
- Ulverscroft Eye Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Psychology and Behaviour, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - H J Griffiths
- Division of Ophthalmology and Orthoptics, Health Sciences School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - C Harris
- Royal Eye Infirmary, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - H Lee
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Owen
- Royal Eye Infirmary, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK
| | - J Sanders
- Patient Representative, Plymouth, UK
| | - F Shawkat
- University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Theodorou
- Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - J P Whittle
- Eye Department, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
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11
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Campbell P, Ellingford JM, Parry NRA, Fletcher T, Ramsden SC, Gale T, Hall G, Smith K, Kasperaviciute D, Thomas E, Lloyd IC, Douzgou S, Clayton-Smith J, Biswas S, Ashworth JL, Black GCM, Sergouniotis PI. Clinical and genetic variability in children with partial albinism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16576. [PMID: 31719542 PMCID: PMC6851142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51768-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who have ocular features of albinism and skin pigmentation in keeping with their familial background present a considerable diagnostic challenge. Timely diagnosis through genomic testing can help avert diagnostic odysseys and facilitates accurate genetic counselling and tailored specialist management. Here, we report the clinical and gene panel testing findings in 12 children with presumed ocular albinism. A definitive molecular diagnosis was made in 8/12 probands (67%) and a possible molecular diagnosis was identified in a further 3/12 probands (25%). TYR was the most commonly mutated gene in this cohort (75% of patients, 9/12). A disease-causing TYR haplotype comprised of two common, functional polymorphisms, TYR c.[575 C > A;1205 G > A] p.[(Ser192Tyr);(Arg402Gln)], was found to be particularly prevalent. One participant had GPR143-associated X-linked ocular albinism and another proband had biallelic variants in SLC38A8, a glutamine transporter gene associated with foveal hypoplasia and optic nerve misrouting without pigmentation defects. Intriguingly, 2/12 individuals had a single, rare, likely pathogenic variant in each of TYR and OCA2 - a significant enrichment compared to a control cohort of 4046 individuals from the 100,000 genomes project pilot dataset. Overall, our findings highlight that panel-based genetic testing is a clinically useful test with a high diagnostic yield in children with partial/ocular albinism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Campbell
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Neil R A Parry
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Tracy Fletcher
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Simon C Ramsden
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Theodora Gale
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Georgina Hall
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | | | - I Chris Lloyd
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Sofia Douzgou
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Susmito Biswas
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane L Ashworth
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Graeme C M Black
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Panagiotis I Sergouniotis
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
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12
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Gao X, Liu T, Cheng X, Dai A, Liu W, Li R, Zhang M. A novel GPR143 mutation in a Chinese family with X‑linked ocular albinism type 1. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:240-248. [PMID: 31746431 PMCID: PMC6896309 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is a genetic disorder characterized by reduced eye pigmentation and nystagmus, which is often accompanied by decreased visual acuity, strabismus and other symptoms, whereas skin and hair color remain normal. The present study aimed to assess the clinical features and perform genotype analysis of a family with OA1, and to determine the disease-causing mutation. A total of 18 family members (nine affected patients and nine normal subjects) from Hainan, China, were recruited to the present study in December 2017. A detailed clinical ophthalmic examination was performed for all participants, including a visual acuity test, anterior segment slit lamp examination, eye fundus examination and optical coherence tomography. Mutations in the G protein-coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene were determined by DNA sequencing assays and polymerase chain reaction assays for deletions; all exon coding sequences, exons at the 5′- and 3′-ends, and non-coding region sequences of intron splicing were assessed. Within the family, nine male patients exhibited disease occurrence at the age of 0–6 months. All patients presented with different degrees of iris depigmentation, horizontal jerk nystagmus, foveal hypoplasia and reduced visual acuity. The fundus of only one patient exhibited choroid coloboma; in the remaining patients, their fundi exhibited different degrees of irregular retinal depigmentation. The mutation c.360+5G>T in the GPR143 gene was identified in this family. In conclusion, the present study identified the splicing mutation c.360+5G>T in the GPR143 gene in a Chinese family with OA1 and successfully identified the site. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no previous reports regarding this mutation in any major genome databases; therefore, this outcome may enrich the mutation spectrum of the GPR143 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Tiecheng Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Aiai Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Runpu Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Maonian Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
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13
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Evaluation of the iris thickness changes for the Chinese families with GPR143 gene mutations. Exp Eye Res 2019; 189:107819. [PMID: 31574285 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pathogenic variants of the G-protein coupled receptor 143 (GPR143) gene may result in Ocular albinism type I (OA1). In this study, we describe the clinical features and investigate the GPR143 gene mutations in six Chinese families with OA1 and evaluate the thickness changes of iris for the affected males and female carriers. METHODS Families were ascertained, and patients underwent complete ophthalmologic examinations, including the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment of the eyes, vitreous and fundus changes. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was used to measure the full iris thickness, the stroma/anterior border (SAB) layer, and the posterior epithelial layer (PEL) at the pupillary and ciliary regions. DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood vessels after confirmed consent information. GPR143 gene was directly sequenced by the Sanger method. RESULTS The affected males had variable reduced visual acuity, nystagmus and macular hypoplasia. Four novel frameshift mutations and two previously reported missense/nonsense mutations in the GPR143 gene were detected in these families. The thickness of the iris was significantly reduced at the ciliary region in the affected males, compared with that in the normal controls and the female carriers. CONCLUSIONS Pathogenic variants in the GPR143 gene may disturb the normal melanogenesis in the pigmented tissues of the eye, result in macular hypoplasia, and alter the thickness of the iris.
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14
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Wang F, Guan H, Liu W, Zhao G, Liu S. Next-generation sequencing identifies a novel frameshift variant in FRMD7 in a Chinese family with idiopathic infantile nystagmus. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 34:e23012. [PMID: 31495972 PMCID: PMC6977136 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) is a high genetically heterogeneous ophthalmic disease and is often associated with pathogenic mutations in FRMD7 and GPR143, respectively. Idiopathic infantile nystagmus manifests as involuntary periodic rhythmic oscillation of the eyes in the very early life, which decreases visual acuity and affects the quality of life. Objective and Methods The aim of our study was to reveal a possible pathogenic variant through the investigation of a Chinese Han family with IIN with an implementation of a next‐generation sequencing method. Isolated DNA analysis was followed by Sanger sequencing validation. We also performed the detailed ophthalmological examination of family members. Results We identified a novel frameshift variant in FRMD7 (NM_194277.2: c.1419_1422dup, p.Tyr475fs), which leads to a frameshift mutation since tyrosine (Tyr) at 475 codon of FRMD7 protein (p.Tyr475fs) and co‐segregates with IIN phenotype in this family. Conclusions We found a novel frameshift FRMD7 variant in a Chinese Han family, which may be causative variant for IIN and can further enrich the mutation spectrum and uncover the etiology of IIN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Wang
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongzai Guan
- Department of Clinical Hematology, Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenmiao Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guiqiu Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shiguo Liu
- Medical Genetic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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15
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Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Oxidative Damage Induced by Hydrogen Peroxide in Chicken Splenic Lymphocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8465030. [PMID: 31178974 PMCID: PMC6501224 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8465030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous investigation showed that ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Mey has antioxidative effect on oxidative stress in chickens. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effects of Rg1 on chicken lymphocytes against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and the potential mechanisms. Cell viability, apoptotic cells, malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase, mitochondrial membrane potential, and [Ca2+]i concentration were measured, and transcriptome analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the effect of Rg1 on gene expression of the cells. The results showed that treatment of lymphocytes with H2O2 induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, pretreatment of the cells with Rg1 dramatically enhanced cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, and decreased oxidative stress induced by H2O2. In addition, Rg1 reduced these H2O2-dependent decreases in mitochondrial membrane potential and reversed [Ca2+]i overload. Transcriptome analysis showed that 323 genes were downregulated and 105 genes were upregulated in Rg1-treated cells. The differentially expressed genes were involved in Toll-like receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. The present study indicated that Rg1 may act as an antioxidative agent to protect cell damage caused by oxidative stress via regulating expression of genes such as RELT, EDA2R, and TLR4.
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16
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Bertsch M, Floyd M, Kehoe T, Pfeifer W, Drack AV. The clinical evaluation of infantile nystagmus: What to do first and why. Ophthalmic Genet 2017; 38:22-33. [PMID: 28177849 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2016.1266667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Infantile nystagmus has many causes, some life threatening. We determined the most common diagnoses in order to develop a testing algorithm. METHODS Retrospective chart review. Exclusion criteria were no nystagmus, acquired after 6 months, or lack of examination. DATA COLLECTED pediatric eye examination findings, ancillary testing, order of testing, referral, and final diagnoses. Final diagnosis was defined as meeting published clinical criteria and/or confirmed by diagnostic testing. Patients with a diagnosis not meeting the definition were "unknown." Patients with incomplete testing were "incomplete." Patients with multiple plausible etiologies were "multifactorial." Patients with negative complete workup were "motor." RESULTS A total of 284 charts were identified; 202 met inclusion criteria. The three most common causes were Albinism (19%), Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA; 14%), and Non-LCA retinal dystrophy (13%). Anatomic retinal disorders comprised 10%, motor another 10%. The most common first test was MRI (74/202) with a diagnostic yield of 16%. For 28 MRI-first patients, nystagmus alone was the indication; for 46 MRI-first patients other neurologic signs were present. 0/28 nystagmus-only patients had a diagnostic MRI while 14/46 (30%) with neurologic signs did. The yield of ERG as first test was 56%, OCT 55%, and molecular genetic testing 47%. Overall, 90% of patients had an etiology identified. CONCLUSION The most common causes of infantile nystagmus were retinal disorders (56%), however the most common first test was brain MRI. For patients without other neurologic stigmata complete pediatric eye examination, ERG, OCT, and molecular genetic testing had a higher yield than MRI scan. If MRI is not diagnostic, a complete ophthalmologic workup should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Bertsch
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research , Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Michael Floyd
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research , Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA.,b HealthPartners , Minneapolis , Minnesota , USA
| | - Taylor Kehoe
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research , Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA.,c Physician Assistant Program , University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Wanda Pfeifer
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research , Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
| | - Arlene V Drack
- a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Wynn Institute for Vision Research , Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City , Iowa , USA
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17
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Molecular genetic and clinical evaluation of three Chinese families with X-linked ocular albinism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:33713. [PMID: 28211458 PMCID: PMC5314354 DOI: 10.1038/srep33713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) is an X-linked inherited disease characterized by hypopigmentation of the fundus and nystagmus. Our study performed mutation analysis of the G protein-coupled receptor 143 gene (GPR143) and assessed the clinical characteristics of OA1 in three Chinese families. Three novel mutations, c.333_360+14del42insCTT, c.276G>A (p.W92X), and c.793C>T (p.R265X), were identified in GPR143 by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing in these families. All affected individuals presented with nystagmus, photophobia, poor visual acuity, foveal hypoplasia and varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the fundus. The fundus of female carriers showed pigmented streaks alternating with hypopigmented streaks. These results allowed us to expand the spectrum of mutations in GPR143 and phenotypes associated with ocular albinism.
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