1
|
Georgiou R, Sahle CJ, Sokaras D, Bernard S, Bergmann U, Rueff JP, Bertrand L. X-ray Raman Scattering: A Hard X-ray Probe of Complex Organic Systems. Chem Rev 2022; 122:12977-13005. [PMID: 35737888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a review of the characterization of organic systems via X-ray Raman scattering (XRS) and a step-by-step guidance for its application. We present the fundamentals of XRS required to use the technique and discuss the main parameters of the experimental set-ups to optimize spectral and spatial resolution while maximizing signal-to-background ratio. We review applications that target the analysis of mixtures of organic compounds, the identification of minor spectral features, and the spatial discrimination in heterogeneous systems. We discuss the recent development of the direct tomography technique, which utilizes the XRS process as a contrast mechanism for assessing the three-dimensional spatially resolved carbon chemistry of complex organic materials. We conclude by exposing the current limitations and provide an outlook on how to overcome some of the existing challenges and advance future developments and applications of this powerful technique for complex organic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafaella Georgiou
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Ministère de la Culture, UVSQ, MNHN, IPANEMA, F-91192 Saint-Aubin, France.,Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Sylvain Bernard
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, Physique des Matériaux et Cosmochimie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Jean-Pascal Rueff
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin BP 48, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- Photophysique et Photochimie Supramoléculaires et Macromoléculaires, Université Paris-Saclay, ENS Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salzmann CG. Advances in the experimental exploration of water's phase diagram. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:060901. [PMID: 30770019 DOI: 10.1063/1.5085163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Water's phase diagram displays enormous complexity with currently 17 experimentally confirmed polymorphs of ice and several more predicted computationally. For almost 120 years, it has been a stomping ground for scientific discovery, and ice research has often been a trailblazer for investigations into a wide range of materials-related phenomena. Here, the experimental progress of the last couple of years is reviewed, and open questions as well as future challenges are discussed. The specific topics include (i) the polytypism and stacking disorder of ice I, (ii) the mechanism of the pressure amorphization of ice I, (iii) the emptying of gas-filled clathrate hydrates to give new low-density ice polymorphs, (iv) the effects of acid/base doping on hydrogen-ordering phase transitions as well as (v) the formation of solid solutions between salts and the ice polymorphs, and the effect this has on the appearance of the phase diagram. In addition to continuing efforts to push the boundaries in terms of the extremes of pressure and temperature, the exploration of the "chemical" dimensions of ice research appears to now be a newly emerging trend. It is without question that ice research has entered a very exciting era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hernandez JA, Caracas R. Proton dynamics and the phase diagram of dense water ice. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5028389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J.-A. Hernandez
- Laboratoire d’utilisation des lasers intenses, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, LGLTPE UMR CNRS 5276, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - R. Caracas
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon, LGLTPE UMR CNRS 5276, Université de Lyon, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Futera Z, English NJ. Pressure dependence of structural properties of ice VII: An ab initio molecular-dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:204505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5022175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Futera
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Niall J. English
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang X, Chen S, Li J. Hydrogen-bond potential for ice VIII-X phase transition. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37161. [PMID: 27841335 PMCID: PMC5107924 DOI: 10.1038/srep37161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Repulsive force between the O-H bonding electrons and the O:H nonbonding pair within hydrogen bond (O-H:O) is an often overlooked interaction which dictates the extraordinary recoverability and sensitivity of water and ice. Here, we present a potential model for this hidden force opposing ice compression of ice VIII-X phase transition based on the density functional theory (DFT) and neutron scattering observations. We consider the H-O bond covalent force, the O:H nonbond dispersion force, and the hidden force to approach equilibrium under compression. Due to the charge polarization within the O:H-O bond, the curvatures of the H-O bond and the O:H nonbond potentials show opposite sign before transition, resulting in the asymmetric relaxation of H-O and O:H (O:H contraction and H-O elongation) and the H+ proton centralization towards phase X. When cross the VIII-X phase boundary, both H-O and O:H contract slightly. The potential model reproduces the VIII-X phase transition as observed in experiment. Development of the potential model may provide a choice for further calculations of water anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhang
- Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Shun Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jichen Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Noguchi N, Okuchi T. Self-diffusion of protons in H2O ice VII at high pressures: Anomaly around 10 GPa. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:234503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Noguchi
- Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori 682-0193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|