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Nanomaterial-aided seed regeneration in the global warming scenario: multiwalled carbon nanotubes, gold nanoparticles and heat-aged maize seeds. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01804-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely distributed pollutant, suppresses photosynthesis in leaves. In previous studies on higher plants, the plants were treated by BPA through irrigation to root. This method cannot distinguish whether the BPA directly suppresses photosynthesis in leaves, or indirectly influences photosynthesis through affecting the function of root. Here, only the leaves but not the roots of cucumber were infiltrated with BPA solution. The photosystem II and I (PSII, PSI) were insensitive to BPA under darkness. BPA aggravated the PSII but not the PSI photoinhibition under light. BPA also inhibited CO2 assimilation, and the effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibition disappeared when the CO2 assimilation was blocked. The H2O2 accumulated in BPA-treated leaves under light. And the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition was prevented under low (2%) O2. We also proved that the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition depend on the turnover of D1 protein. In conclusion, this study proved that BPA could directly suppress photosynthesis in leaves, however, BPA does not damage PSII directly, but inhibits CO2 assimilation and over-reduces the electron transport chain under light, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species (H2O2), the over-accumulated ROS inhibits the turnover of D1 protein and consequently aggravates PSII photoinhibition.
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Li YT, Liang Y, Li YN, Che XK, Zhao SJ, Zhang ZS, Gao HY. Mechanisms by which Bisphenol A affect the photosynthetic apparatus in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) leaves. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29523804 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22486-22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), a widely distributed pollutant, suppresses photosynthesis in leaves. In previous studies on higher plants, the plants were treated by BPA through irrigation to root. This method cannot distinguish whether the BPA directly suppresses photosynthesis in leaves, or indirectly influences photosynthesis through affecting the function of root. Here, only the leaves but not the roots of cucumber were infiltrated with BPA solution. The photosystem II and I (PSII, PSI) were insensitive to BPA under darkness. BPA aggravated the PSII but not the PSI photoinhibition under light. BPA also inhibited CO2 assimilation, and the effect of BPA on PSII photoinhibition disappeared when the CO2 assimilation was blocked. The H2O2 accumulated in BPA-treated leaves under light. And the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition was prevented under low (2%) O2. We also proved that the BPA-caused PSII photoinhibition depend on the turnover of D1 protein. In conclusion, this study proved that BPA could directly suppress photosynthesis in leaves, however, BPA does not damage PSII directly, but inhibits CO2 assimilation and over-reduces the electron transport chain under light, which increases the production of reactive oxygen species (H2O2), the over-accumulated ROS inhibits the turnover of D1 protein and consequently aggravates PSII photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Liang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yue-Nan Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xing-Kai Che
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shi-Jie Zhao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong Province, China
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Kubota C, Meng C, Son YJ, Lewis M, Spalholz H, Tronstad R. Horticultural, systems-engineering and economic evaluations of short-term plant storage techniques as a labor management tool for vegetable grafting nurseries. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170614. [PMID: 28182757 PMCID: PMC5300260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This transdisciplinary study has a three-fold systems approach in evaluating a horticultural technology: 1) horticultural evaluations, 2) economic and resource analyses, and 3) systems engineering analyses, using low temperature storage as an example technology. Vegetable grafting is a technique to produce value-added seedlings but requires labor intensive nursery operations. Low temperature storage of seedlings for a short period of time can reduce peak production, but has not been evaluated at the extent demonstrated in this paper. Seedlings of 22 genotypes of Cucurbitaceae (cucurbit family) and Solanaceae (nightshade family) were evaluated for storability under selected temperatures and photosynthetic photon flux. Storability of Cucurbitaceous seedlings varied between 2 to 4 weeks at 12°C and 13 μmol m-2 s-1. Solanaceous seedlings were generally storable for 4 weeks at 12°C and 13 μmol m-2 s-1, but tomato seedlings could be stored for 4 weeks at 10°C and 5 μmol m-2 s-1. Capital and weekly operational costs of a low temperature storage system with a design that meets environmental requirements were estimated as $671 to $708 per m2 footprint and $0.79 to $2.21 per m2 footprint per week, respectively. Electricity costs per plant was less than 0.1 cents for 2 to 4 weeks of storage. Using a schedule-optimization heuristic and a logistics simulator previously developed for grafting nursery operations, six production scenarios consisting of two crops (tomato or watermelon) and three production peak patterns were examined to evaluate the impact of including low temperature storage. While the overall average costs of grafting labor were not significantly different, maximum labor demand and grafting labor cost during the peak production week were reduced by 31% to 50% and 14% to 30% by using storage, respectively. Therefore, low temperature storage can be an effective means to address the issue of labor management in grafting nurseries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieri Kubota
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Meng
- Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Young-Jun Son
- Department of Systems and Industrial Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Myles Lewis
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Hans Spalholz
- School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Russell Tronstad
- Department of Agricultural & Resource Economics, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
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Zhang ZS, Jin LQ, Li YT, Tikkanen M, Li QM, Ai XZ, Gao HY. Ultraviolet-B Radiation (UV-B) Relieves Chilling-Light-Induced PSI Photoinhibition And Accelerates The Recovery Of CO 2 Assimilation In Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Leaves. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34455. [PMID: 27686324 PMCID: PMC5043378 DOI: 10.1038/srep34455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) is generally considered to negatively impact the photosynthetic apparatus and plant growth. UV-B damages PSII but does not directly influence PSI. However, PSI and PSII successively drive photosynthetic electron transfer, therefore, the interaction between these systems is unavoidable. So we speculated that UV-B could indirectly affect PSI under chilling-light conditions. To test this hypothesis, the cucumber leaves were illuminated by UV-B prior or during the chilling-light treatment, and the leaves were then transferred to 25 °C and low-light conditions for recovery. The results showed that UV-B decreased the electron transfer to PSI by inactivating the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC), thereby protecting PSI from chilling-light-induced photoinhibition. This effect advantages the recoveries of PSI and CO2 assimilation after chilling-light stress, therefore should minimize the yield loss caused by chilling-light stress. Because sunlight consists of both UV-B and visible light, we suggest that UV-B-induced OEC inactivation is critical for chilling-light-induced PSI photoinhibition in field. Moreover, additional UV-B irradiation is an effective strategy to relieve PSI photoinhibition and yield loss in protected cultivation during winter. This study also demonstrates that minimizing the photoinhibition of PSI rather than that of PSII is essential for the chilling-light tolerance of the plant photosynthetic apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Li-Qiao Jin
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Mikko Tikkanen
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Qing-Ming Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xi-Zhen Ai
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China.,College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
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Zhang ZS, Li YT, Gao HY, Yang C, Meng QW. Characterization of photosynthetic gas exchange in leaves under simulated adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26963. [PMID: 27377989 PMCID: PMC4932497 DOI: 10.1038/srep26963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations on photosynthesis have been performed on leaves irradiated from the adaxial surface. However, leaves usually sway because of wind. This action results in the alternating exposure of both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces to bright sunlight. To simulate adaxial and abaxial surfaces alternant irradiation (ad-ab-alt irradiation), the adaxial or abaxial surface of leaves were exposed to light regimes that fluctuated between 100 and 1,000 μmol m(-2) s(-1). Compared with constant adaxial irradiation, simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation suppressed net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and transpiration (E) but not water use efficiency. These suppressions were aggravated by an increase in alternant frequency of the light intensity. When leaves were transferred from constant light to simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation, the maximum Pn and E during the high light period decreased, but the rate of photosynthetic induction during this period remained constant. The sensitivity of photosynthetic gas exchange to simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation was lower on abaxial surface than adaxial surface. Under simulated ad-ab-alt irradiation, higher Pn and E were measured on abaxial surface compared with adaxial surface. Therefore, bifacial leaves can fix more carbon than leaves with two "sun-leaf-like" surfaces under ad-ab-alt irradiation. Photosynthetic research should be conducted under dynamic conditions that better mimic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Shan Zhang
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yu-Ting Li
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Yuan Gao
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Qing-Wei Meng
- State Key Lab of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong Province, China
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