|
1
|
Xu L, Yang Y, Li Y, Lu Y, Gao C, Bian X, Liu Z, Sun Q. Characterizing the Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Simian Retrovirus Subtype 8 (SRV-8) Using SRV-8-Infected Cynomolgus Monkeys. Viruses 2023; 15:1538. [PMID: 37515223 PMCID: PMC10384433 DOI: 10.3390/v15071538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Simian retrovirus subtype 8 (SRV-8) infections have been reported in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) in China and America, but its pathogenicity and immunogenicity are rarely reported. In this work, the SRV-8-infected monkeys were identified from the monkeys with anemia, weight loss, and diarrhea. To clarify the impact of SRV-8 infection on cynomolgus monkeys, infected monkeys were divided into five groups according to disease progression. Hematoxylin (HE) staining and viral loads analysis showed that SRV-8 mainly persisted in the intestine and spleen, causing tissue damage. Additionally, the dynamic variations of blood routine indexes, innate and adaptive immunity, and the transcriptomic changes in peripheral blood cells were analyzed during SRV-8 infection. Compared to uninfected animals, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and white blood cells were reduced in SRV-8-infected monkeys. The percentage of immune cell populations was changed after SRV-8 infection. Furthermore, the number of hematopoietic stem cells decreased significantly during the early stages of SRV-8 infection, and returned to normal levels after antibody-mediated viral clearance. Finally, global transcriptomic analysis in PBMCs from SRV-8-infected monkeys revealed distinct gene expression profiles across different disease stages. In summary, SRV-8 infection can cause severe pathogenicity and immune disturbance in cynomolgus monkeys, and it might be responsible for fatal virus-associated immunosuppressive syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libing Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yunpeng Yang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yandong Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Changshan Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinyan Bian
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Schurer JM, Ramirez V, Kyes P, Tanee T, Patarapadungkit N, Thamsenanupap P, Trufan S, Grant ET, Garland-Lewis G, Kelley S, Nueaitong H, Kyes RC, Rabinowitz P. Long-Tailed Macaques ( Macaca fascicularis) in Urban Landscapes: Gastrointestinal Parasitism and Barriers for Healthy Coexistence in Northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019; 100:357-364. [PMID: 30628564 PMCID: PMC6367618 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.18-0241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal parasites have diverse life cycles that can involve people, animals, and the environment (e.g., water and soil), demonstrating the utility of One Health frameworks in characterizing infection risk. Kosumpee Forest Park (Thailand) is home to a dense population of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) that frequently interact with tourists and local residents. Our study investigated the presence of zoonotic parasites, and barriers to healthy coexistence by conducting stool analysis on macaques (N = 102) and people (N = 115), and by examining risk factors for infection with a household questionnaire (N = 95). Overall, 44% of macaques and 12% of people were infected with one or more gastrointestinal helminths, including Strongyloides spp., Ascaris spp., and Trichuris sp. An adults-only generalized linear mixed model identified three factors significantly associated with human infection: household size, occupational exposure, and contact with macaque feces at home. Participants identified both advantages and disadvantages to living in close contact with macaques, suggesting that interventions to improve human and animal health in Kosumpee Forest Park would be welcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janna M. Schurer
- Center for One Health Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Vickie Ramirez
- Center for One Health Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Pensri Kyes
- Departments of Psychology and Global Health, Center for Global Field Study, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Tawatchai Tanee
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kham Riang, Thailand
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Sila, Thailand
| | - Natcha Patarapadungkit
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Sila, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Khon Kaen University, Sila, Thailand
| | - Penkhae Thamsenanupap
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Kham Riang, Thailand
- Genetics and Environmental Toxicology Research Group, Khon Kaen University, Sila, Thailand
| | - Sally Trufan
- Center for One Health Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Erica T. Grant
- Center for One Health Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Stephen Kelley
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington and Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Randall C. Kyes
- Departments of Psychology and Global Health, Center for Global Field Study, and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter Rabinowitz
- Center for One Health Research, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
RD-114 virus story: from RNA rumor virus to a useful viral tool for elucidating the world cats' journey. Uirusu 2016; 66:21-30. [PMID: 28484175 DOI: 10.2222/jsv.66.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
RD-114 virus is a feline endogenous retrovirus (ERV) isolated from human rhabdomyosarcoma in 1971 and classified as endogenous gammaretrovirus in domestic cats (Felis catus). Based on the previous reports in 70's, it has been considered that a horizontal, infectious event occurred to transfer the virus from ancient baboon species to ancient cat species, whereupon it became endogenous in the cat species about several million years ago in Mediterranean Basin. Although it has been believed that all domestic cats harbor infectious RD-114 provirus in their genome, we revealed that cats do not have infectious RD-114 viral loci, but infectious RD-114 virus is resurrected by recombination between uninfectious RD-114 virus-related ERVs [here we designated them as RD-114-related sequences (RDRSs)]. Further, we also revealed the RDRSs which would potentially be resurrected as RD-114 virus (here we refer to them as ''new'' RDRSs) had entered the genome of the domestic cat after domestication of the cat around 10 thousand years ago. The fractions and positions of RDRSs in the cat genome differed in Western and Eastern cat populations and cat breeds. Our study revealed that RDRS would be a useful tool for elucidating the world travel routes of domestic cats after domestication.
Collapse
|