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Pollari ME, Aspelin WWE, Wang L, Mäkinen KM. The Molecular Maze of Potyviral and Host Protein Interactions. Annu Rev Virol 2024; 11:147-170. [PMID: 38848589 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-100422-034124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The negative effects of potyvirus diseases on the agricultural industry are extensive and global. Understanding how protein-protein interactions contribute to potyviral infections is imperative to developing resistant varieties that help counter the threat potyviruses pose. While many protein-protein interactions have been reported, only a fraction are essential for potyviral infection. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that potyviral infection processes are interconnected. For instance, the interaction between the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and viral protein genome-linked (VPg) is crucial for both viral translation and protecting viral RNA (vRNA). Additionally, recent evidence for open reading frames on the reverse-sense vRNA and for nonequimolar expression of viral proteins has challenged the previous polyprotein expression model. These discoveries will surely reveal more about the potyviral protein interactome. In this review, we present a synthesis of the potyviral infection cycle and discuss influential past discoveries and recent work on protein-protein interactions in various infection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija E Pollari
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
| | - William W E Aspelin
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Linping Wang
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Kristiina M Mäkinen
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland;
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Hýsková V, Bělonožníková K, Chmelík J, Hoffmeisterová H, Čeřovská N, Moravec T, Ryšlavá H. Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1236. [PMID: 38732454 PMCID: PMC11085613 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The best-characterized functional motifs of the potyviral Helper-Component protease (HC-Pro) responding for aphid transmission, RNA silencing suppression, movement, symptom development, and replication are gathered in this review. The potential cellular protein targets of plant virus proteases remain largely unknown despite their multifunctionality. The HC-Pro catalytic domain, as a cysteine protease, autoproteolytically cleaves the potyviral polyproteins in the sequence motif YXVG/G and is not expected to act on host targets; however, 146 plant proteins in the Viridiplantae clade containing this motif were searched in the UniProtKB database and are discussed. On the other hand, more than 20 interactions within the entire HC-Pro structure are known. Most of these interactions with host targets (such as the 20S proteasome, methyltransferase, transcription factor eIF4E, and microtubule-associated protein HIP2) modulate the cellular environments for the benefit of virus accumulation or contribute to symptom severity (interactions with MinD, Rubisco, ferredoxin) or participate in the suppression of RNA silencing (host protein VARICOSE, calmodulin-like protein). On the contrary, the interaction of HC-Pro with triacylglycerol lipase, calreticulin, and violaxanthin deepoxidase seems to be beneficial for the host plant. The strength of these interactions between HC-Pro and the corresponding host protein vary with the plant species. Therefore, these interactions may explain the species-specific sensitivity to potyviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Hýsková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
| | - Kateřina Bělonožníková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
| | - Josef Chmelík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Hoffmeisterová
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Noemi Čeřovská
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Tomáš Moravec
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic; (H.H.); (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Helena Ryšlavá
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic; (V.H.); (K.B.); or (J.C.)
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Bwalya J, Widyasari K, Völz R, Kim KH. Chloroplast-related host proteins interact with NIb and NIa-Pro of soybeans mosaic virus and induce resistance in the susceptible cultivar. Virus Res 2023; 336:199205. [PMID: 37607595 PMCID: PMC10472001 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
To gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in viral infection and the corresponding plant resistance responses, it is essential to investigate the interactions between viral and host proteins. In the case of viral infections in plants, a significant portion of the affected gene products are closely associated with chloroplasts and photosynthesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between the virus and host chloroplast proteins during replication remain poorly understood. In our previous study, we made an interesting discovery regarding soybean mosaic virus (SMV) infection in resistant and susceptible soybean cultivars. We found that the photosystem I (PSI) subunit (PSaC) and ATP synthase subunit α (ATPsyn-α) genes were up-regulated in the resistant cultivar following SMV-G7H and SMV-G5H infections compared to the susceptible cultivar. Overexpression of these two genes within the SMV-G7H genome in the susceptible cultivar Lee74 (rsv3-null) reduced SMV accumulation, whereas silencing of the PSaC and ATPsyn-α genes promoted SMV accumulation. We have also found that the PSaC and ATPsyn-α proteins are present in the chloroplast envelope, nucleus, and cytoplasm. Building on these findings, we now characterized protein-protein interactions between PSaC and ATPsyn-α with two viral proteins, NIb and NIa-Pro, respectively, of SMV. Through co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments, we confirmed the interactions between these proteins. Moreover, when the C-terminal region of either PSaC or ATPsyn-α was overexpressed in the SMV-G7H genome, we observed a reduction in viral accumulation and systemic infection in the susceptible cultivar. Based on these results, we propose that the PSaC and ATPsyn-α genes play a modulatory role in conferring resistance to SMV infection by influencing the function of NIb and NIa-Pro-in SMV replication and movement. The identification of these photosynthesis-related genes as key players in the interplay between the virus and the host provides valuable insights for developing more targeted control strategies against SMV. Additionally, by utilizing these genes, it may be possible to genetically engineer plants with improved photosynthetic efficiency and enhanced resistance to SMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bwalya
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kristin Widyasari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ronny Völz
- Research of Institute Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook-Hyung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research of Institute Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Jiang T, Zhou T. Unraveling the Mechanisms of Virus-Induced Symptom Development in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2830. [PMID: 37570983 PMCID: PMC10421249 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant viruses, as obligate intracellular parasites, induce significant changes in the cellular physiology of host cells to facilitate their multiplication. These alterations often lead to the development of symptoms that interfere with normal growth and development, causing USD 60 billion worth of losses per year, worldwide, in both agricultural and horticultural crops. However, existing literature often lacks a clear and concise presentation of the key information regarding the mechanisms underlying plant virus-induced symptoms. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive review to highlight the crucial interactions between plant viruses and host factors, discussing key genes that increase viral virulence and their roles in influencing cellular processes such as dysfunction of chloroplast proteins, hormone manipulation, reactive oxidative species accumulation, and cell cycle control, which are critical for symptom development. Moreover, we explore the alterations in host metabolism and gene expression that are associated with virus-induced symptoms. In addition, the influence of environmental factors on virus-induced symptom development is discussed. By integrating these various aspects, this review provides valuable insights into the complex mechanisms underlying virus-induced symptoms in plants, and emphasizes the urgency of addressing viral diseases to ensure sustainable agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Zhou
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Guo H, Xu C, Wang F, Jiang L, Lei X, Zhang M, Li R, Lan X, Xia Z, Wang Z, Wu Y. Transcriptome sequencing and functional verification revealed the roles of exogenous magnesium in tobacco anti-PVY infection. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1232279. [PMID: 37577430 PMCID: PMC10414187 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1232279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato virus Y (PVY) infection causes necrosis and curling of leaves, which seriously affect the yield and quality of Solanaceous crops. The roles of nutrient elements in the regulation of plant resistance to virus infection has been widely reported, while the mechanisms are poorly studied. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated that foliar spraying of MgSO4 could induce Nicotiana tabacum resistance to PVY by increasing the activity of defense-related enzymes. Consistent with the results, we found that exogenous magnesium (Mg) had a certain effect on N. tabacum anti-PVY infection. Meanwhile, Illumina RNA sequencing revealed that Mg induced resistance to PVY infection was mainly by regulating carbohydrate metabolism and transportation, nitrogen metabolism, Ca2+ signal transduction and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, we used virus-induced gene silencing assays to verify the function of homologs of five N. tabacum genes involved in above pathways in N. benthamiana. The results showed that NbTPS and NbGBE were conducive to PVY infection, while NbPPases and NbNR were related to resistance to PVY infection. These results suggested a novel strategy for resistance to PVY infection and provided a theoretical basis for virus-resistance breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chuantao Xu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Lianqiang Jiang
- Liangshan Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Xichang, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingjin Zhang
- Luzhou Branch of Sichuan Province Tobacco Company, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyu Lan
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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Xu XJ, Geng C, Jiang SY, Zhu Q, Yan ZY, Tian YP, Li XD. A maize triacylglycerol lipase inhibits sugarcane mosaic virus infection. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:754-771. [PMID: 35294544 PMCID: PMC9157127 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol lipase (TGL) plays critical roles in providing energy for seed germination and plant development. However, the role of TGL in regulating plant virus infection is largely unknown. In this study, we adopted affinity purification coupled with mass spectrometry and identified that a maize (Zea mays) pathogenesis-related lipase protein Z. mays TGL (ZmTGL) interacted with helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV). Yeast two-hybrid, luciferase complementation imaging, and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays confirmed that ZmTGL directly interacted with SCMV HC-Pro in vitro and in vivo. The 101-460 residues of SCMV HC-Pro were important for its interaction with ZmTGL. ZmTGL and SCMV HC-Pro co-localized at the mitochondria. Silencing of ZmTGL facilitated SCMV infection, and over-expression of ZmTGL reduced the RNA silencing suppression activity, most likely through reducing HC-Pro accumulation. Our results provided evidence that the lipase hydrolase activity of ZmTGL was associated with reducing HC-Pro accumulation, activation of salicylic acid (SA)-mediated defense response, and inhibition of SCMV infection. We show that ZmTGL inhibits SCMV infection by reducing HC-Pro accumulation and activating the SA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chao Geng
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Shao-Yan Jiang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yan
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yan-Ping Tian
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
- Author for correspondence:
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Laboratory of Plant Virology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China
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Bwalya J, Alazem M, Kim K. Photosynthesis-related genes induce resistance against soybean mosaic virus: Evidence for involvement of the RNA silencing pathway. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:543-560. [PMID: 34962034 PMCID: PMC8916206 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing lines of evidence indicate that chloroplast-related genes are involved in plant-virus interactions. However, the involvement of photosynthesis-related genes in plant immunity is largely unexplored. Analysis of RNA-Seq data from the soybean cultivar L29, which carries the Rsv3 resistance gene, showed that several chloroplast-related genes were strongly induced in response to infection with an avirulent strain of soybean mosaic virus (SMV), G5H, but were weakly induced in response to a virulent strain, G7H. For further analysis, we selected the PSaC gene from the photosystem I and the ATP-synthase α-subunit (ATPsyn-α) gene whose encoded protein is part of the ATP-synthase complex. Overexpression of either gene within the G7H genome reduced virus levels in the susceptible cultivar Lee74 (rsv3-null). This result was confirmed by transiently expressing both genes in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by G7H infection. Both proteins localized in the chloroplast envelope as well as in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Because the chloroplast is the initial biosynthesis site of defence-related hormones, we determined whether hormone-related genes are involved in the ATPsyn-α- and PSaC-mediated defence. Interestingly, genes involved in the biosynthesis of several hormones were up-regulated in plants infected with SMV-G7H expressing ATPsyn-α. However, only jasmonic and salicylic acid biosynthesis genes were up-regulated following infection with the SMV-G7H expressing PSaC. Both chimeras induced the expression of several antiviral RNA silencing genes, which indicate that such resistance may be partially achieved through the RNA silencing pathway. These findings highlight the role of photosynthesis-related genes in regulating resistance to viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bwalya
- Department of Agriculture BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Mazen Alazem
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kook‐Hyung Kim
- Department of Agriculture BiotechnologyCollege of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Research of Institute Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Zhao H, Zhao Y, Luo R, Yang L, Li G, Di J, Peng M, Li L, Wen Q, Liang X, Yin M, Wen Y, Huang F. Production of EPSPS and bar gene double-herbicide resistant castor ( Ricinus communis L.). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1804450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huibo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Rui Luo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Guorui Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center, Universities for Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Jianjun Di
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center, Universities for Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Mu Peng
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center, Universities for Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Qi Wen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Liang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Mingda Yin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Yanpeng Wen
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
| | - Fenglan Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Food, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Industrial Engineering Research Center, Universities for Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Collaborative Innovation Center for Castor Industry, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
- Inner Mongolia Engineering Research Center of Industrial Technology Innovation of Castor, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, PR China
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Zhao J, Xu J, Chen B, Cui W, Zhou Z, Song X, Chen Z, Zheng H, Lin L, Peng J, Lu Y, Deng Z, Chen J, Yan F. Characterization of Proteins Involved in Chloroplast Targeting Disturbed by Rice Stripe Virus by Novel Protoplast⁻Chloroplast Proteomics. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E253. [PMID: 30634635 PMCID: PMC6358847 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice stripe virus (RSV) is one of the most devastating viral pathogens in rice and can also cause the general chlorosis symptom in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The chloroplast changes associated with chlorosis symptom suggest that RSV interrupts normal chloroplast functions. Although the change of proteins of the whole cell or inside the chloroplast in response to RSV infection have been revealed by proteomics, the mechanisms resulted in chloroplast-related symptoms and the crucial factors remain to be elucidated. RSV infection caused the malformation of chloroplast structure and a global reduction of chloroplast membrane protein complexes in N. benthamiana plants. Here, both the protoplast proteome and the chloroplast proteome were acquired simultaneously upon RSV infection, and the proteins in each fraction were analyzed. In the protoplasts, 1128 proteins were identified, among which 494 proteins presented significant changes during RSV; meanwhile, 659 proteins were identified from the chloroplasts, and 279 of these chloroplast proteins presented significant change. According to the label-free LC⁻MS/MS data, 66 nucleus-encoded chloroplast-related proteins (ChRPs), which only reduced in chloroplast but not in the whole protoplast, were identified, indicating that these nuclear-encoded ChRPswere not transported to chloroplasts during RSV infection. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis confirmed that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting to chloroplast, where 3 crucial ChRPs (K4CSN4, K4CR23, and K4BXN9) were involved in the regulation of protein targeting into chloroplast. In addition to these 3 proteins, 41 among the 63 candidate proteins were characterized to have chloroplast transit peptides. These results indicated that RSV infection changed the biological process of protein targeting into chloroplast and the location of ChRPs through crucial protein factors, which illuminated a new layer of RSV⁻host interaction that might contribute to the symptom development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Texas A&M University AgriLife Research Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75252, USA.
| | - Jingjing Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Binghua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Weijun Cui
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhongjing Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Xijiao Song
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Center of Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Hongying Zheng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lin Lin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jiejun Peng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yuwen Lu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Zhiping Deng
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Fei Yan
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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10
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Valli AA, Gallo A, Rodamilans B, López‐Moya JJ, García JA. The HCPro from the Potyviridae family: an enviable multitasking Helper Component that every virus would like to have. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:744-763. [PMID: 28371183 PMCID: PMC6638112 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
RNA viruses have very compact genomes and so provide a unique opportunity to study how evolution works to optimize the use of very limited genomic information. A widespread viral strategy to solve this issue concerning the coding space relies on the expression of proteins with multiple functions. Members of the family Potyviridae, the most abundant group of RNA viruses in plants, offer several attractive examples of viral factors which play roles in diverse infection-related pathways. The Helper Component Proteinase (HCPro) is an essential and well-characterized multitasking protein for which at least three independent functions have been described: (i) viral plant-to-plant transmission; (ii) polyprotein maturation; and (iii) RNA silencing suppression. Moreover, multitudes of host factors have been found to interact with HCPro. Intriguingly, most of these partners have not been ascribed to any of the HCPro roles during the infectious cycle, supporting the idea that this protein might play even more roles than those already established. In this comprehensive review, we attempt to summarize our current knowledge about HCPro and its already attributed and putative novel roles, and to discuss the similarities and differences regarding this factor in members of this important viral family.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Araiz Gallo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB‐CSIC)Madrid28049Spain
| | | | - Juan José López‐Moya
- Center for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG‐CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UB), Campus UABBellaterraBarcelona08193Spain
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11
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Bhor SA, Tateda C, Mochizuki T, Sekine KT, Yaeno T, Yamaoka N, Nishiguchi M, Kobayashi K. Inducible transgenic tobacco system to study the mechanisms underlying chlorosis mediated by the silencing of chloroplast heat shock protein 90. Virusdisease 2017; 28:81-92. [PMID: 28466059 PMCID: PMC5377861 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-017-0361-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorosis is one of the most common symptoms of plant diseases, including those caused by viruses and viroids. Recently, a study has shown that Peach latent mosaic viroid (PLMVd) exploits host RNA silencing machinery to modulate the virus disease symptoms through the silencing of chloroplast-targeted heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90C). To understand the molecular mechanisms of chlorosis in this viroid disease, we established an experimental system suitable for studying the mechanism underlying the chlorosis induced by the RNA silencing of Hsp90C in transgenic tobacco. Hairpin RNA of the Hsp90C-specific region was expressed under the control of a dexamethasone-inducible promoter, resulted in the silencing of Hsp90C gene in 2 days and the chlorosis along with growth suppression phenotypes. Time course study suggests that a sign of chlorosis can be monitored as early as 2 days, suggesting that this experimental model is suitable for studying the molecular events taken place before and after the onset of chlorosis. During the early phase of chlorosis development, the chloroplast- and photosynthesis-related genes were downregulated. It should be noted that some pathogenesis related genes were upregulated during the early phase of chlorosis in spite of the absence of any pathogen-derived molecules in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ashok Bhor
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Chika Tateda
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531 Japan
| | - Ken-Taro Sekine
- Iwate Biotechnology Research Center, Kitakami, Iwate 024-0003 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Nakagami, Okinawa 903-0213 Japan
| | - Takashi Yaeno
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Naoto Yamaoka
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Masamichi Nishiguchi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
| | - Kappei Kobayashi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
- Research Unit for Citromics, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566 Japan
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12
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Hong Y, Liu Y. Chloroplast in Plant-Virus Interaction. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1565. [PMID: 27757106 PMCID: PMC5047884 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal UniversityHangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China
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13
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Abstract
In plants, the chloroplast is the organelle that conducts photosynthesis. It has been known that chloroplast is involved in virus infection of plants for approximate 70 years. Recently, the subject of chloroplast-virus interplay is getting more and more attention. In this article we discuss the different aspects of chloroplast-virus interaction into three sections: the effect of virus infection on the structure and function of chloroplast, the role of chloroplast in virus infection cycle, and the function of chloroplast in host defense against viruses. In particular, we focus on the characterization of chloroplast protein-viral protein interactions that underlie the interplay between chloroplast and virus. It can be summarized that chloroplast is a common target of plant viruses for viral pathogenesis or propagation; and conversely, chloroplast and its components also can play active roles in plant defense against viruses. Chloroplast photosynthesis-related genes/proteins (CPRGs/CPRPs) are suggested to play a central role during the complex chloroplast-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinping Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua UniversityBeijing, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Sustainable Control of Pest and Disease, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhou, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiguo Hong
- Research Centre for Plant RNA Signaling, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou, China
| | - Yule Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University Beijing, China
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