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Cao L, Zhang HQ, He YQ, An PJ, Yang LL, Tan W, Liu G, Wang CQ, Dou XW, Li Q. Culture of cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons from neonatal mouse spinal cord. Cell Tissue Bank 2024; 25:443-452. [PMID: 37368142 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-023-10098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) act crucial role in chemosensory and mechanosensory function in spinal cord. Recently, CSF-cNs were found to be an immature neuron and may be involved in spinal cord injury recovery. But how to culture it and explore its function in vitro are not reported in previous research. Here, we first reported culture and identification of CSF-cNs in vitro. We first established a protocol for in vitro culture of CSF-cNs from the cervical spinal cord of mice within 24 h after birth. Polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 (PKD2L1)+ cells were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and expressed the neuron marker β-tubulin III and CSF-cNs marker GABA. Intriguingly, PKD2L1+ cells formed neurosphere and expressed neural stem cell markers Nestin, Sox2 and GFAP. Thus, our research provided culture and isolation of CSF-cNs and this facilitate the investigation the CSF-cNs function in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cao
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China
| | - Hui-Qian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Luoyang, China
| | - Yu-Qi He
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
| | - Ping-Jiang An
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
| | - Lei-Luo Yang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
| | - Chun-Qing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Dou
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, China.
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang City, 550025, China.
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2
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Liu X, Wang Y, Weng Z, Xu Q, Zhou C, Tang J, Chen XZ. Inhibition of TRPP3 by calmodulin through Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. CELL INSIGHT 2023; 2:100088. [PMID: 37193065 PMCID: PMC10134200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellin.2023.100088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) polycystin-3 (TRPP3) is a non-selective cation channel activated by Ca2+ and protons and is involved in regulating ciliary Ca2+ concentration, hedgehog signaling and sour tasting. The TRPP3 channel function and regulation are still not well understood. Here we investigated regulation of TRPP3 by calmodulin (CaM) by means of electrophysiology and Xenopus oocytes as an expression model. We found that TRPP3 channel function is enhanced by calmidazolium, a CaM antagonist, and inhibited by CaM through binding of the CaM N-lobe to a TRPP3 C-terminal domain not overlapped with the EF-hand. We further revealed that the TRPP3/CaM interaction promotes phosphorylation of TRPP3 at threonine 591 by Ca2+/CaM-dependent protein kinase II, which mediates the inhibition of TRPP3 by CaM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Liu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yifang Wang
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- National “111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Ziyi Weng
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- National “111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Qinyi Xu
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National “111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - JingFeng Tang
- National “111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, T6G 2H7, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- National “111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
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3
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Abstract
Polycystin subunits can form hetero- and homotetrameric ion channels in the membranes of various compartments of the cell. Homotetrameric polycystin channels are voltage- and calcium-modulated, whereas heterotetrameric versions are proposed to be ligand- or autoproteolytically regulated. Their importance is underscored by variants associated with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and by vital roles in fertilization and embryonic development. The diversity in polycystin assembly and subcellular distribution allows for a multitude of sensory functions by this class of channels. In this review, we highlight their recent structural and functional characterization, which has provided a molecular blueprint to investigate the conformational changes required for channel opening in response to unique stimuli. We consider each polycystin channel type individually, discussing how they contribute to sensory cell biology, as well as their impact on the physiology of various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhi Esarte Palomero
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Megan Larmore
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
| | - Paul G DeCaen
- Department of Pharmacology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA;
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4
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Murakami M, Murakami AM, Nemoto T, Ohba T, Yonekura M, Toyama Y, Tomita H, Matsuzaki Y, Sawamura D, Hirota K, Itagaki S, Asada Y, Miyoshi I. Enhanced β-adrenergic response in mice with dominant-negative expression of the PKD2L1 channel. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261668. [PMID: 35051185 PMCID: PMC8775249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is the most common genetic cause of kidney failure in humans. Among the various PKD-related molecules, PKD2L1 forms cation channels, but its physiological importance is obscure. In the present study, we established a transgenic mouse line by overexpressing the dominant-negative form of the mouse PKD2L1 gene (i.e., lacking the pore-forming domain). The resulting PKD2L1del-Tg mice exhibited supraventricular premature contraction, as well as enhanced sensitivity to β-adrenergic stimulation and unstable R-R intervals in electrocardiography. During spontaneous atrial contraction, PKD2L1del-Tg atria showed enhanced sensitivity to isoproterenol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. Action potential recording revealed a shortened action potential duration in PKD2L1del-Tg atria in response to isoproterenol. These findings indicated increased adrenergic sensitivity in PKD2L1del-Tg mice, suggesting that PKD2L1 is involved in sympathetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Murakami
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Agnieszka M. Murakami
- Department of Pharmacology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nemoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Ohba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Akita, Japan
| | - Manabu Yonekura
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yuichi Toyama
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tomita
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzaki
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Shirou Itagaki
- Collaboration Center for Community and Industry, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yujiro Asada
- Division of Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Miyoshi
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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5
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Structural basis for Ca 2+ activation of the heteromeric PKD1L3/PKD2L1 channel. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4871. [PMID: 34381056 PMCID: PMC8357825 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25216-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heteromeric complex between PKD1L3, a member of the polycystic kidney disease (PKD) protein family, and PKD2L1, also known as TRPP2 or TRPP3, has been a prototype for mechanistic characterization of heterotetrametric TRP-like channels. Here we show that a truncated PKD1L3/PKD2L1 complex with the C-terminal TRP-fold fragment of PKD1L3 retains both Ca2+ and acid-induced channel activities. Cryo-EM structures of this core heterocomplex with or without supplemented Ca2+ were determined at resolutions of 3.1 Å and 3.4 Å, respectively. The heterotetramer, with a pseudo-symmetric TRP architecture of 1:3 stoichiometry, has an asymmetric selectivity filter (SF) guarded by Lys2069 from PKD1L3 and Asp523 from the three PKD2L1 subunits. Ca2+-entrance to the SF vestibule is accompanied by a swing motion of Lys2069 on PKD1L3. The S6 of PKD1L3 is pushed inward by the S4-S5 linker of the nearby PKD2L1 (PKD2L1-III), resulting in an elongated intracellular gate which seals the pore domain. Comparison of the apo and Ca2+-loaded complexes unveils an unprecedented Ca2+ binding site in the extracellular cleft of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD) of PKD2L1-III, but not the other three VSDs. Structure-guided mutagenic studies support this unconventional site to be responsible for Ca2+-induced channel activation through an allosteric mechanism.
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6
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Zheng W, Yang X, Hu R, Cai R, Hofmann L, Wang Z, Hu Q, Liu X, Bulkley D, Yu Y, Tang J, Flockerzi V, Cao Y, Cao E, Chen XZ. Hydrophobic pore gates regulate ion permeation in polycystic kidney disease 2 and 2L1 channels. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2302. [PMID: 29899465 PMCID: PMC5998024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PKD2 and PKD1 genes are mutated in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. PKD2 can form either a homomeric cation channel or a heteromeric complex with the PKD1 receptor, presumed to respond to ligand(s) and/or mechanical stimuli. Here, we identify a two-residue hydrophobic gate in PKD2L1, and a single-residue hydrophobic gate in PKD2. We find that a PKD2 gain-of-function gate mutant effectively rescues PKD2 knockdown-induced phenotypes in embryonic zebrafish. The structure of a PKD2 activating mutant F604P by cryo-electron microscopy reveals a π- to α-helix transition within the pore-lining helix S6 that leads to repositioning of the gate residue and channel activation. Overall the results identify hydrophobic gates and a gating mechanism of PKD2 and PKD2L1. Mutations in the cation channel PKD2 cause human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease but its channel function and gating mechanism are poorly understood. Here authors study PKD2 using electrophysiology and cryo-EM, which identifies hydrophobic gates and proposes a gating mechanism for PKD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.,Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Xiaoyong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ruikun Hu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ruiqi Cai
- Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Laura Hofmann
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Zhifei Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Qiaolin Hu
- Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - David Bulkley
- Keck Advanced Microscopy Laboratory and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Yong Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg, 66421, Germany
| | - Ying Cao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Erhu Cao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China. .,Department of Physiology, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2H7, Canada.
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7
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Uttam S, Wong C, Amorim IS, Jafarnejad SM, Tansley SN, Yang J, Prager-Khoutorsky M, Mogil JS, Gkogkas CG, Khoutorsky A. Translational profiling of dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN 2018; 4:35-44. [PMID: 30906902 PMCID: PMC6428075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Translational landscape in DRG and spinal cord in SNI assay of neuropathic pain was established. ERK is a central hub of both transcriptionally and translationally controlled genes. Changes in translation efficiency and mRNA levels occur in the opposite direction for multiple mRNAs.
Acute pain serves as a protective mechanism, guiding the organism away from actual or potential tissue injury. In contrast, chronic pain is a debilitating condition without any obvious physiological function. The transition to, and the maintenance of chronic pain require new gene expression to support biochemical and structural changes within the pain pathway. The regulation of gene expression at the level of mRNA translation has emerged as an important step in the control of protein expression in the cell. Recent studies show that signaling pathways upstream of mRNA translation, such as mTORC1 and ERK, are upregulated in chronic pain conditions, and their inhibition effectively alleviates pain in several animal models. Despite this progress, mRNAs whose translation is altered in chronic pain conditions remain largely unknown. Here, we performed genome-wide translational profiling of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and spinal cord dorsal horn tissues in a mouse model of neuropathic pain, spared nerve injury (SNI), using the ribosome profiling technique. We identified distinct subsets of mRNAs that are differentially translated in response to nerve injury in both tissues. We discovered key converging upstream regulators and pathways linked to mRNA translational control and neuropathic pain. Our data are crucial for the understanding of mechanisms by which mRNA translation promotes persistent hypersensitivity after nerve injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Uttam
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Calvin Wong
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Inês S Amorim
- Patrick Wild Centre and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad
- Department of Biochemistry and Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Shannon N Tansley
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Jieyi Yang
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | | | - Jeffrey S Mogil
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.,Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 1B1, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 0G1, Canada
| | - Christos G Gkogkas
- Patrick Wild Centre and Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Arkady Khoutorsky
- Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada.,Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal QC H3A 0G1, Canada
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8
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Zhang W, Chen P, Zhou L, Qin Z, Gao K, Yao J, Li C, Wang P. A biomimetic bioelectronic tongue: A switch for On- and Off- response of acid sensations. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 92:523-528. [PMID: 27836602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The perception of sour taste in mammals is important for its basic modality properties and avoiding toxic substances. We explore a biomimetic bioelectronic tongue, which integrate MEA (microelectrode array) and taste receptor cell for acid detection as a switch. However, the acid-sensing mechanism and coding of the taste receptor cells in the periphery is not well understood, with long-standing debate. Therefore, we firstly construct a Hodgkin-Huxley type mathematical model of whole-cell acid-sensing taste receptor cells based on the electrophysiologic patch clamp recordings with different acid sensitive receptor expressing and different acidic stimulations. ASICs and PKDL channels are two most promising candidates for acidic sensation. ASICs channels contribute to the On response, and PKDL channels coding the Offset stimulations respectively, which function as a pair for switch. Therefore, with the advantage of effective and noninvasive detection for MEA, a sour taste biosensor based on MEA and taste receptor cells was designed and established to detect sour response from the elementary acid sensitive taste receptor cells during and after stimulus. From simulation and extracelluar potential recordings, we found the biomimetic bioelectronic tongue was acid-sensitive, as acid stimulation pH decrease, the firing frequency significantly increase. Furthermore, this reliable and effective MEA based bioelectronic tongue functioned as a switch for stimulation On and Off. This study provided a powerful platform to recognize sour stimulation and help elucidate the sour taste sensation and coding mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- CAS key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China.
| | - Peihua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Lianqun Zhou
- CAS key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Keqiang Gao
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jia Yao
- CAS key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Chuanyu Li
- CAS key Laboratory of Bio-medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Biosensor National Special Laboratory, Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
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9
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Zheng W, Yang J, Beauchamp E, Cai R, Hussein S, Hofmann L, Li Q, Flockerzi V, Berthiaume LG, Tang J, Chen XZ. Regulation of TRPP3 Channel Function by N-terminal Domain Palmitoylation and Phosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25678-25691. [PMID: 27754867 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.756544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential polycystin-3 (TRPP3) is a cation channel activated by calcium and proton and is involved in hedgehog signaling, intestinal development, and sour tasting. How TRPP3 channel function is regulated remains poorly understood. By N-terminal truncation mutations, electrophysiology, and Xenopus oocyte expression, we first identified fragment Asp-21-Ser-42 to be functionally important. We then found that deletion mutant Δ1-36 (TRPP3 missing fragment Met-1-Arg-36) has a similar function as wild-type TRPP3, whereas Δ1-38 is functionally dead, suggesting the importance of Val-37 or Cys-38. Further studies found that Cys-38, but not Val-37, is functionally critical. Cys-38 is a predicted site of palmitoylation, and indeed TRPP3 channel activity was inhibited by palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate and rescued by palmitoylation substrate palmitic acid. The TRPP3 N terminus (TRPP3NT, Met-1-Leu-95) localized along the plasma membrane of HEK293 cells but stayed in the cytoplasm with 2-bromopalmitate treatment or C38A mutation, indicating that TRPP3NT anchors to the surface membrane through palmitoylation at Cys-38. By acyl-biotin exchange assays, we showed that TRPP3, but not mutant C38A, is indeed palmitoylated. When putative phosphorylation sites near Cys-38 were mutated to Asp or Glu to mimic phosphorylation, only T39D and T39E reduced TRPP3 function. Furthermore, TRPP3NT displayed double bands in which the upper band was abolished by λ phosphatase treatment or T39A mutation. However, palmitoylation at Cys-38 and phosphorylation at Thr-39 independently regulated TRPP3 channel function, in contrast to previous reports about correlated palmitoylation with a proximate phosphorylation. Palmitoylation at Cys-38 represents a novel mechanism of functional regulation for TRPP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zheng
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - JungWoo Yang
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Erwan Beauchamp
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Ruiqi Cai
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Shaimaa Hussein
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Laura Hofmann
- the Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Qiang Li
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and
| | - Veit Flockerzi
- the Experimentelle und Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Germany, and
| | - Luc G Berthiaume
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- the Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- From the Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Departments of Physiology and .,the Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center, College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, 430068 Wuhan, China
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