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Yao K, Steinbach F, Borchert M, Schick D, Engel D, Bencivenga F, Mincigrucci R, Foglia L, Pedersoli E, De Angelis D, Pancaldi M, Wehinger B, Capotondi F, Masciovecchio C, Eisebitt S, von Korff Schmising C. All-Optical Switching on the Nanometer Scale Excited and Probed with Femtosecond Extreme Ultraviolet Pulses. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4452-4458. [PMID: 35605204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast control of magnetization on the nanometer length scale, in particular all-optical switching, is key to putting ultrafast magnetism on the path toward future technological application in data storage technology. However, magnetization manipulation with light on this length scale is challenging due to the wavelength limitations of optical radiation. Here, we excite transient magnetic gratings in a GdFe alloy with a periodicity of 87 nm by the interference of two coherent femtosecond light pulses in the extreme ultraviolet spectral range. The subsequent ultrafast evolution of the magnetization pattern is probed by diffraction of a third, time-delayed pulse tuned to the Gd N-edge at a wavelength of 8.3 nm. By examining the simultaneously recorded first and second order diffractions and by performing reference real-space measurements with a wide-field magneto-optical microscope with femtosecond time resolution, we can conclusively demonstrate the ultrafast emergence of all-optical switching on the nanometer length scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yao
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Steinbach
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Borchert
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Schick
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Engel
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippo Bencivenga
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Pedersoli
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario De Angelis
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Matteo Pancaldi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Björn Wehinger
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Molecular Sciences and Nanosystems, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, via Torino 155, 30172 Venezia Mestre, Italy
| | - Flavio Capotondi
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Eisebitt
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut fuer Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universitaet Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Clemens von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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Tran T, Weng X, Hennes M, Demaille D, Coati A, Vlad A, Garreau Y, Sauvage-Simkin M, Sacchi M, Vidal F, Zheng Y. Spatial correlation of embedded nanowires probed by X-ray off-Bragg scattering of the host matrix. J Appl Crystallogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576721006579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
It is shown that information on the spatial correlation of nano-objects embedded in a crystalline matrix can be retrieved by analysing the X-ray scattering around the Bragg reflections of the host matrix. Data are reported for vertically aligned Ni and CoNi alloy nanowires (NWs) in an SrTiO3 matrix. When the Bragg condition is fulfilled for the matrix and not for the NWs, the latter can be approximated by voids, and the scattering around the matrix reflections contains information on the self-correlation of the NWs (i.e. on their diameter d) and on the correlation between NWs (interdistance D). Nondestructive synchrotron X-ray diffraction data provide information on these values averaged over large areas, complementing local transmission electron microscopy observations. The measurements show that off-Bragg scattering around the matrix reflections can be exploited to study the spatial correlation and morphology of embedded nano-objects, independently of their crystallinity or strain or the presence of defects.
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Novikov IA, Kiryanov MA, Nurgalieva PK, Frolov AY, Popov VV, Dolgova TV, Fedyanin AA. Ultrafast Magneto-Optics in Nickel Magnetoplasmonic Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8615-8619. [PMID: 33238104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report on ultrafast all-optical modulation of the surface-plasmon (SP)-assisted transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) and the reflectance in a one-dimensional nickel magnetoplasmonic crystal (MPC). A 50 fs nonresonant laser pump pulse with 7 mJ/cm2 fluence reduces the magnetization by 65%, which results in the suppression of TMOKE in the SP-resonant probe from 1.15% to 0.4%. The differential reflectance of SP-resonant probe achieves 5.5%. Besides this, it is shown that electron thermalization and relaxation in MPC are several times slower than those in the plane nickel.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Novikov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Kiryanov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - P K Nurgalieva
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Frolov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Popov
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Dolgova
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Fedyanin
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Weder D, von Korff Schmising C, Günther CM, Schneider M, Engel D, Hessing P, Strüber C, Weigand M, Vodungbo B, Jal E, Liu X, Merhe A, Pedersoli E, Capotondi F, Lüning J, Pfau B, Eisebitt S. Transient magnetic gratings on the nanometer scale. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2020; 7:054501. [PMID: 32923511 PMCID: PMC7481012 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Laser-driven non-local electron dynamics in ultrathin magnetic samples on a sub-10 nm length scale is a key process in ultrafast magnetism. However, the experimental access has been challenging due to the nanoscopic and femtosecond nature of such transport processes. Here, we present a scattering-based experiment relying on a laser-induced electro- and magneto-optical grating in a Co/Pd ferromagnetic multilayer as a new technique to investigate non-local magnetization dynamics on nanometer length and femtosecond timescales. We induce a spatially modulated excitation pattern using tailored Al near-field masks with varying periodicities on a nanometer length scale and measure the first four diffraction orders in an x-ray scattering experiment with magnetic circular dichroism contrast at the free-electron laser facility FERMI, Trieste. The design of the periodic excitation mask leads to a strongly enhanced and characteristic transient scattering response allowing for sub-wavelength in-plane sensitivity for magnetic structures. In conjunction with scattering simulations, the experiment allows us to infer that a potential ultrafast lateral expansion of the initially excited regions of the magnetic film mediated by hot-electron transport and spin transport remains confined to below three nanometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Weder
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. von Korff Schmising
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. M. Günther
- Zentraleinrichtung Elektronenmikroskopie (ZELMI), Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Schneider
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Engel
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - P. Hessing
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Strüber
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Weigand
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Vodungbo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique–Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E. Jal
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique–Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - X. Liu
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique–Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A. Merhe
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique–Matière et Rayonnement, LCPMR, 75005 Paris, France
| | - E. Pedersoli
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - F. Capotondi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - J. Lüning
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Pfau
- Max-Born-Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Bhattacharjee U, West CA, Hosseini Jebeli SA, Goldwyn HJ, Kong XT, Hu Z, Beutler EK, Chang WS, Willets KA, Link S, Masiello DJ. Active Far-Field Control of the Thermal Near-Field via Plasmon Hybridization. ACS NANO 2019; 13:9655-9663. [PMID: 31361953 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control and manipulate temperature at nanoscale dimensions has the potential to impact applications including heat-assisted magnetic recording, photothermal therapies, and temperature-driven reactivity. One challenge with controlling temperature at nanometer dimensions is the need to mitigate heat diffusion, such that the temperature only changes in well-defined nanoscopic regions of the sample. Here we demonstrate the ability to use far-field laser excitation to actively shape the thermal near-field in individual gold nanorod heterodimers by resonantly pumping either the in-phase or out-of-phase hybridized dipole plasmon modes. Using single-particle photothermal heterodyne imaging, we demonstrate localization bias in the photothermal intensity due to preferential heating of one of the nanorods within the pair. Theoretical modeling and numerical simulation make explicit how the resulting photothermal images encode wavelength-dependent temperature biases between each nanorod within a heterodimer, demonstrating the ability to actively manage the thermal near-field by simply tuning the color of incident light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjal Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Claire A West
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Seyyed Ali Hosseini Jebeli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Harrison J Goldwyn
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Xiang-Tian Kong
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Zhongwei Hu
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Elliot K Beutler
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Wei-Shun Chang
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - Katherine A Willets
- Department of Chemistry , Temple University , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19122 , United States
| | - Stephan Link
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Rice University , Houston , Texas 77005 , United States
| | - David J Masiello
- Department of Chemistry , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
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Abstract
The basic theoretical understanding of light interacting with nanostructured metals that has existed since the early 1900s has become more relevant in the last two decades, largely because of new approaches to structure metals down to the nanometer scale or smaller. Here, a broad overview of the concepts and applications of nanostructuring metals for light-based technologies is given. The theory of the response of metals to an applied oscillating field is given, including a discussion of nonlocal, nonlinear and quantum effects. Using this metal response, the guiding of electromagnetic (light) waves using metals is given, with a particular emphasis on the impact of nanostructured metals for tighter confinement and slower propagation. Similarly, the influence of metal nanostructures on light scattering by isolated metal structures, like nanoparticles and nanoantennas, is described, with basic results presented including plasmonic/circuit resonances, the single channel limit, directivity enhancement, the maximum power transfer theorem, limits on the magnetic response from kinetic inductance and the scaling of gap plasmons to the nanometer scale and smaller. A brief overview of nanofabrication approaches to creating metal nanostructures is given. Finally, existing and emerging light-based applications are presented, including those for sensing, spectroscopy (including local refractive index, Raman, IR absorption), detection (including Schottky detectors), switching (including terahertz photoconductive antennas), modulation, energy harvesting and photocatalysis, light emission (including lasers and tunneling based light emission), optical tweezing, nonlinear optics, subwavelength imaging and lithography and high density data storage.
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