1
|
Zeng H, Stadler M, Decock C, Matasyoh JC, Schrey H, Müsken M. Discovery of novel secondary metabolites from the basidiomycete Lentinus cf. sajor-caju and their inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Fitoterapia 2024; 175:105904. [PMID: 38508498 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Three novel derivatives of microporenic acid, microporenic acids H-J, were identified from submerged cultures of a Lentinus species obtained from a basidiome collected during a field trip in the tropical rainforest in Western Kenya. Their structures were elucidated via HR-ESIMS spectra and 1D/2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, as well as by comparison with known derivatives. Applying biofilm assays based on crystal violet staining and confocal microscopy, two of these compounds, microporenic acids H and I, demonstrated the ability to inhibit biofilm formation of the opportunistic pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Thereby, they were effective in a concentration range that did not affect planktonic growth. Additionally, microporenic acid I enhanced the anti-biofilm activity of the antibiotics vancomycin and gentamicin when used in combination. This opens up possibilities for the use of these compounds in combination therapy to prevent the formation of S. aureus biofilms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoxuan Zeng
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Marc Stadler
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany
| | - Cony Decock
- Mycothèque de l'Université Catholique de Louvain (BCCM/MUCL), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Hedda Schrey
- Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany; Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, Braunschweig 38106, Germany.
| | - Mathias Müsken
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research GmbH (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstraße 7, Braunschweig 38124, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dai J, Luo W, Hu F, Li S. In vitro inhibition of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation by DZ2002 through regulation of extracellular DNA and alginate production. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 13:1333773. [PMID: 38268790 PMCID: PMC10806038 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1333773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common pathogen associated with biofilm infections, which can lead to persistent infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new anti-biofilm drugs. DZ2002 is a reversible inhibitor that targets S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase and possesses anti-inflammatory and immune-regulatory activities. However, its anti-biofilm activity has not been reported yet. Methods and results Therefore, we investigated the effect of DZ2002 on P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation by crystal violet staining (CV), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The results indicated that although DZ2002 didn't affect the growth of planktonic PAO1, it could significantly inhibit the formation of mature biofilms. During the inhibition of biofilm formation by DZ2002, there was a parallel decrease in the synthesis of alginate and the expression level of alginate genes, along with a weakening of swarming motility. However, these results were unrelated to the expression of lasI, lasR, rhII, rhIR. Additionally, we also found that after treatment with DZ2002, the biofilms and extracellular DNA content of PAO1 were significantly reduced. Molecular docking results further confirmed that DZ2002 had a strong binding affinity with the active site of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SahH) of PAO1. Discussion In summary, our results indicated that DZ2002 may interact with SahH in PAO1, inhibiting the formation of mature biofilms by downregulating alginate synthesis, extracellular DNA production and swarming motility. These findings demonstrate the potential value of DZ2002 in treating biofilm infections associated with P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Dai
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhan Jiang, Guang Dong, China
| | - Wenying Luo
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhan Jiang, Guang Dong, China
| | - Fei Hu
- Medical Laboratory Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhan Jiang, Guang Dong, China
| | - Si Li
- General Medicine, Clinical Medicine, Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, LianYun Gang, Jiang Su, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abdelhamid AG, Yousef AE. Combating Bacterial Biofilms: Current and Emerging Antibiofilm Strategies for Treating Persistent Infections. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1005. [PMID: 37370324 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12061005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are intricate multicellular structures created by microorganisms on living (biotic) or nonliving (abiotic) surfaces. Medically, biofilms often lead to persistent infections, increased antibiotic resistance, and recurrence of infections. In this review, we highlighted the clinical problem associated with biofilm infections and focused on current and emerging antibiofilm strategies. These strategies are often directed at disrupting quorum sensing, which is crucial for biofilm formation, preventing bacterial adhesion to surfaces, impeding bacterial aggregation in viscous mucus layers, degrading the extracellular polymeric matrix, and developing nanoparticle-based antimicrobial drug complexes which target persistent cells within the biofilm core. It is important to acknowledge, however, that the use of antibiofilm agents faces obstacles, such as limited effectiveness in vivo, potential cytotoxicity to host cells, and propensity to elicit resistance in targeted biofilm-forming microbes. Emerging next generation antibiofilm strategies, which rely on multipronged approaches, were highlighted, and these benefit from current advances in nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and antimicrobial drug discovery. The assessment of current antibiofilm mitigation approaches, as presented here, could guide future initiatives toward innovative antibiofilm therapeutic strategies. Enhancing the efficacy and specificity of some emerging antibiofilm strategies via careful investigations, under conditions that closely mimic biofilm characteristics within the human body, could bridge the gap between laboratory research and practical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed G Abdelhamid
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Yousef
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, 2015 Fyffe Court, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, 105 Biological Sciences Building, 484 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen M, Shou Z, Jin X, Chen Y. Emerging strategies in nanotechnology to treat respiratory tract infections: realizing current trends for future clinical perspectives. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2442-2458. [PMID: 35892224 PMCID: PMC9341380 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2089294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A boom in respiratory tract infection cases has inflicted a socio-economic burden on the healthcare system worldwide, especially in developing countries. Limited alternative therapeutic options have posed a major threat to human health. Nanotechnology has brought an immense breakthrough in the pharmaceutical industry in a jiffy. The vast applications of nanotechnology ranging from early diagnosis to treatment strategies are employed for respiratory tract infections. The research avenues explored a multitude of nanosystems for effective drug delivery to the target site and combating the issues laid through multidrug resistance and protective niches of the bacteria. In this review a brief introduction to respiratory diseases and multifaceted barriers imposed by bacterial infections are enlightened. The manuscript reviewed different nanosystems, i.e. liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, nanogels, and metallic (gold and silver) which enhanced bactericidal effects, prevented biofilm formation, improved mucus penetration, and site-specific delivery. Moreover, most of the nanotechnology-based recent research is in a preclinical and clinical experimental stage and safety assessment is still challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Chen
- Emergency & Intensive Care Unit Center, Department of Intensive Care Unit, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhangxuan Shou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xue Jin
- Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingjun Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, People's Hospital of Tiantai County, Taizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin R, Cheng J, Wang J, Li P, Lin J. Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infectious biofilms: Challenges and strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955286. [PMID: 36090087 PMCID: PMC9459144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a Gram-negative bacterium, is one of the major pathogens implicated in human opportunistic infection and a common cause of clinically persistent infections such as cystic fibrosis, urinary tract infections, and burn infections. The main reason for the persistence of P. aeruginosa infections is due to the ability of P. aeruginosa to secrete extracellular polymeric substances such as exopolysaccharides, matrix proteins, and extracellular DNA during invasion. These substances adhere to and wrap around bacterial cells to form a biofilm. Biofilm formation leads to multiple antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa, posing a significant challenge to conventional single antibiotic therapeutic approaches. It has therefore become particularly important to develop anti-biofilm drugs. In recent years, a number of new alternative drugs have been developed to treat P. aeruginosa infectious biofilms, including antimicrobial peptides, quorum-sensing inhibitors, bacteriophage therapy, and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. This article briefly introduces the process and regulation of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and reviews several developed anti-biofilm treatment technologies to provide new directions for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilm infection.
Collapse
|
6
|
Das MC, Samaddar S, Jawed JJ, Ghosh C, Acharjee S, Sandhu P, Das A, Daware AV, De UC, Majumdar S, Das Gupta SK, Akhter Y, Bhattacharjee S. Vitexin alters Staphylococcus aureus surface hydrophobicity to obstruct biofilm formation. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127126. [PMID: 35914415 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell Surface hydrophobicity is one of the determinant biophysical parameters of bacterial aggregation for being networked to form a biofilm. Phytoconstituent, like vitexin, has long been in use for their antibacterial effect. The present work demonstrates the role of vitexin in modulating Staphylococcus aureus surface hydrophobicity while aggregating to form biofilm and pathogenesis in a host. In planktonic form, vitexin shows minimum inhibitory concentration at 252 µg/ml against S. aureus. Sub-MIC doses of vitexin and antibiotics (26 µg/ml of vitexin, 55 µg/ml of azithromycin, and 2.5 µg/ml of gentamicin) were selected to treat S. aureus. Dead cell counts after treatment were studied through flow cytometry. As dead cell counts were minimal (<5 %), these doses were considered for all subsequent experiments. While studying aggregating cells, it was observed that vitexin reduces S. aureus surface hydrophobicity and membrane permeability at the sub-MIC dose of 26 µg/ml. The in silico binding analysis showed a higher binding affinity of vitexin with surface proteins (IcaA, DltA, and SasG) of S. aureus. Down-regulation of dltA and icaAB expression, along with the reduction in membrane potential with a sub-MIC dose of vitexin, explains reduced S. aureus surface hydrophobicity. Vitexin was found to interfere with S. aureus biofilm-associated protein biomass, EPS production, and swarming movement. Subsequently, the suppression of proteases production and down-regulation of icaAB and agrAC gene expression with a sub-MIC dose of vitexin explained the inhibition of S. aureus virulence in vitro. Besides, vitexin was also found to potentiate the antibiofilm activity of sub-MIC doses of gentamicin and azithromycin. Treatment with vitexin exhibits a protective response in S. aureus infected macrophages through modulation of expression of cytokines like IL-10 and IL-12p40 at protein and mRNA levels. Furthermore, CFU count and histological examination of infected mouse tissue (liver and spleen) justify the in vivo protective effect of vitexin from S. aureus biofilm-associated infection. From this study, it can be inferred that vitexin can reduce S. aureus surface hydrophobicity, leading to interference with aggregation at the time of biofilm formation and subsequent pathogenesis in a host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manash C Das
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Women's Polytechnic, Hapania, Tripura 799130, India
| | - Sourabh Samaddar
- Department of Microbiology, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Junaid Jibran Jawed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Chinmoy Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India; Molecular Stress and Stem Cell Biology Group, School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odissa 751024, India
| | - Shukdeb Acharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Padmani Sandhu
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, District-Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 176206, India
| | - Antu Das
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Akshay Vishnu Daware
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Utpal C De
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India
| | - Subrata Majumdar
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sujoy K Das Gupta
- Department of Microbiology, Centenary Campus, Bose Institute, CIT Road, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Surajit Bhattacharjee
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura 799022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shariati A, Vesal S, Khoshbayan A, Goudarzi P, Darban-Sarokhalil D, Razavi S, Didehdar M, Chegini Z. Novel strategies for inhibition of bacterial biofilm in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:2531-2546. [PMID: 34856045 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important role has been recently reported for bacterial biofilm in the pathophysiology of chronic diseases, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). CRS, affecting sinonasal mucosa, is a persistent inflammatory condition with a high prevalence around the world. Although the exact pathological mechanism of this disease has not been elicited yet, biofilm formation is known to lead to a more significant symptom burden and major objective clinical indicators. The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria has severely restricted the application of antibiotics in recent years. Furthermore, systemic antibiotic therapy, on top of its insufficient concentration to eradicate bacteria in the sinonasal biofilm, often causes toxicity, antibiotic resistance, and an effect on the natural microbiota, in patients. Thus, coming up with alternative therapeutic options instead of systemic antibiotic therapy is emphasized in the treatment of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients. The use of topical antibiotic therapy and antibiotic eluting sinus stents that induce higher antibiotic concentration, and decrease side effects could be helpful. Besides, recent research recognized that various natural products, nitric oxide, and bacteriophage therapy, in addition to the hindered biofilm formation, could degrade the established bacterial biofilm. However, despite these improvements, new antibacterial agents and CRS biofilm interactions are complicated and need extensive research. Finally, most studies were performed in vitro, and more preclinical animal models and human studies are required to confirm the collected data. The present review is specifically discussing potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of bacterial biofilm in CRS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aref Shariati
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran
| | - Soheil Vesal
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Khoshbayan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology and Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Darban-Sarokhalil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shabnam Razavi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Didehdar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Zahra Chegini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang Z, Li B, Cai Q, Qiao S, Wang D, Wang H, Zhang H, Yang Y, Meng W. Synergistic effects of D-arginine, D-methionine and D-histidine against Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms. BIOFOULING 2021; 37:222-234. [PMID: 33682548 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2021.1893309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilms are implicated in the pathology of peri-implantitis and periodontitis. In this study, D-arginine (R), D-methionine (M), D-histidine (H), and a mixture of these D-amino acids (D-AAs) were investigated as an effective therapeutic strategy against P. gingivalis biofilms. The bacterial growth activity and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for each D-AA, along with the effects of the D-AAs mixture on biofilm development, morphology, structure, extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), cytotoxicity towards commensals, and bacterial structure. The D-AA mixture delayed the proliferation of P. gingivalis, changed its membrane structure, and decreased biofilm thickness and integrity, as compared with individual D-AAs. The EPS content increased with the concentration of D-AAs. The present study shows that a 4 mM RMH, triple D-AA mixture, enhanced deleterious effects on P. gingivalis biofilms without any cytotoxicity compared with individual D-AAs, thus providing a new strategy for the treatment of peri-implantitis and periodontitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyang Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Baosheng Li
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Cai
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuwei Qiao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
| | - Heling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yalan Yang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Changchun, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Jinlin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyan Meng
- Department of Dental Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Behzadi P, Baráth Z, Gajdács M. It's Not Easy Being Green: A Narrative Review on the Microbiology, Virulence and Therapeutic Prospects of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:42. [PMID: 33406652 PMCID: PMC7823828 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most frequent cause of infection among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria, predominantly affecting immunocompromised patients, but its pathogenic role should not be disregarded in immunocompetent patients. These pathogens present a concerning therapeutic challenge to clinicians, both in community and in hospital settings, due to their increasing prevalence of resistance, and this may lead to prolonged therapy, sequelae, and excess mortality in the affected patient population. The resistance mechanisms of P. aeruginosa may be classified into intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. These mechanisms lead to occurrence of resistant strains against important antibiotics-relevant in the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections-such as β-lactams, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and colistin. The occurrence of a specific resistotype of P. aeruginosa, namely the emergence of carbapenem-resistant but cephalosporin-susceptible (Car-R/Ceph-S) strains, has received substantial attention from clinical microbiologists and infection control specialists; nevertheless, the available literature on this topic is still scarce. The aim of this present review paper is to provide a concise summary on the adaptability, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of P. aeruginosa to a readership of basic scientists and clinicians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran;
| | - Zoltán Baráth
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Tisza Lajos körút 62-64, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Antimicrobial activity of nanoemulsion encapsulated with polyphenon 60 and ciprofloxacin for the treatment of urinary tract infection. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00483-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
11
|
Jiang Y, Geng M, Bai L. Targeting Biofilms Therapy: Current Research Strategies and Development Hurdles. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8081222. [PMID: 32796745 PMCID: PMC7465149 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8081222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregate of microorganisms in which cells are frequently embedded within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and adhere to each other and/or to a surface. The development of biofilm affords pathogens significantly increased tolerances to antibiotics and antimicrobials. Up to 80% of human bacterial infections are biofilm-associated. Dispersal of biofilms can turn microbial cells into their more vulnerable planktonic phenotype and improve the therapeutic effect of antimicrobials. In this review, we focus on multiple therapeutic strategies that are currently being developed to target important structural and functional characteristics and drug resistance mechanisms of biofilms. We thoroughly discuss the current biofilm targeting strategies from four major aspects—targeting EPS, dispersal molecules, targeting quorum sensing, and targeting dormant cells. We explain each aspect with examples and discuss the main hurdles in the development of biofilm dispersal agents in order to provide a rationale for multi-targeted therapy strategies that target the complicated biofilms. Biofilm dispersal is a promising research direction to treat biofilm-associated infections in the future, and more in vivo experiments should be performed to ensure the efficacy of these therapeutic agents before being used in clinic.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tewes F, Bahamondez-Canas TF, Moraga-Espinoza D, Smyth HDC, Watts AB. In vivo efficacy of a dry powder formulation of ciprofloxacin-copper complex in a chronic lung infection model of bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 152:210-217. [PMID: 32442738 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A significant limitation of locally delivered treatments for chronic pulmonary infections is often the short residence time within the airways. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), for example, undergoes rapid absorption from the airway lumen. Previously, we demonstrated that the complexation of CIP with copper (CIP-Cu) reduces its apparent epithelial permeability and pulmonary absorption rate without affecting antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa grown planktonically or as biofilms. This study aimed to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of CIP-Cu, prepared as a dry powder, in a chronic lung infection model. The powders were prepared by jet milling (CIP-HCl) and by spray drying (CIP-Cu). A bioluminescent strain of P. aeruginosa (PAO1::p16Slux) was used to prepare bacteria-loaded agar beads that were inoculated intratracheally to rats. The dynamics of the infection were monitored using luminometry. The bacteria/beads ratio was optimized to allow the highest luminescence signal and animal survival for 8 days. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by luminometry in addition to the end-point (Day 8) where colony counting was performed after lung harvesting. Luminescent P. aeruginosa entrapped in agar beads were useful to monitor the spatial development of the chronic lung infection in rats. The rats were treated with the dry powders in a nose-only inhalation exposure system (NOIES). CIP-Cu and CIP-HCl powders showed similar aerodynamic properties and comparable CIP lung deposition. However, treatment with CIP-Cu significantly (p < 0.01) reduced by 4-log the number of CFU of P. aeruginosa per lung in the chronic infection model, whereas CIP-HCl effect was not different from the untreated control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Tewes
- INSERM U1070, UFR de Médecine Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, 1 rue Georges Bonnet, TSA 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France; College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Tania F Bahamondez-Canas
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Escuela de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea, Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Daniel Moraga-Espinoza
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Escuela de Farmacia, Universidad de Valparaiso, Gran Bretaña 1093, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile; Centro de Investigación Farmacopea, Universidad de Valparaíso, Santa Marta 183, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alan B Watts
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 West University Avenue, PHR 4.214, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sharma P, Garg N, Sharma A, Capalash N, Singh R. Nucleases of bacterial pathogens as virulence factors, therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:151354. [PMID: 31495663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untreatable due to multiple, extreme and pan- antibiotic resistance. Nucleases are ubiquitous in bacterial pathogens performing various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, invading host by tissue damage, evading immune defence by degrading DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunomodulating the host immune response. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics. One of the powerful armours of pathogens is the formation of biofilms, thus helping them resist and persist in the harshest of environments. As eDNA forms the structural and binding component of biofilm, nucleases can be used against the adhering component, thus increasing the permeability of antimicrobial agents. Nucleases have recently become a model system of intense study for their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Rational implications of these enzymes can impact human medicine positively in future by opening new ways for therapeutics which have otherwise reached saturation due to multi drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Nisha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Requires the DNA-Specific Endonuclease EndA To Degrade Extracellular Genomic DNA To Disperse from the Biofilm. J Bacteriol 2019; 201:JB.00059-19. [PMID: 30988033 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00059-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The dispersion of biofilms is an active process resulting in the release of planktonic cells from the biofilm structure. While much is known about the process of dispersion cue perception and the subsequent modulation of the c-di-GMP pool, little is known about subsequent events resulting in the release of cells from the biofilm. Given that dispersion coincides with void formation and an overall erosion of the biofilm structure, we asked whether dispersion involves degradation of the biofilm matrix. Here, we focused on extracellular genomic DNA (eDNA) due to its almost universal presence in the matrix of biofilm-forming species. We identified two probable nucleases, endA and eddB, and eddA encoding a phosphatase that were significantly increased in transcript abundance in dispersed cells. However, only inactivation of endA but not eddA or eddB impaired dispersion by Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms in response to glutamate and nitric oxide (NO). Heterologously produced EndA was found to be secreted and active in degrading genomic DNA. While endA inactivation had little effect on biofilm formation and the presence of eDNA in biofilms, eDNA degradation upon induction of dispersion was impaired. In contrast, induction of endA expression coincided with eDNA degradation and resulted in biofilm dispersion. Thus, released cells demonstrated a hyperattaching phenotype but remained as resistant to tobramycin as biofilm cells from which they egress, indicating EndA-dispersed cells adopted some but not all of the phenotypes associated with dispersed cells. Our findings indicate for the first time a role of DNase EndA in dispersion and suggest weakening of the biofilm matrix is a requisite for biofilm dispersion.IMPORTANCE The finding that exposure to DNase I impairs biofilm formation or leads to the dispersal of early stage biofilms has led to the realization of extracellular genomic DNA (eDNA) as a structural component of the biofilm matrix. However, little is known about the contribution of intrinsic DNases to the weakening of the biofilm matrix and dispersion of established biofilms. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that nucleases are induced in dispersed Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells and are essential to the dispersion response and that degradation of matrix eDNA by endogenously produced/secreted EndA is required for P. aeruginosa biofilm dispersion. Our findings suggest that dispersing cells mediate their active release from the biofilm matrix via the induction of nucleases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Marine Bacteria, A Source for Alginolytic Enzyme to Disrupt Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17050307. [PMID: 31137680 PMCID: PMC6562671 DOI: 10.3390/md17050307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms are typically associated with the chronic lung infection of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and represent a major challenge for treatment. This opportunistic bacterial pathogen secretes alginate, a polysaccharide that is one of the main components of its biofilm. Targeting this major biofilm component has emerged as a tempting therapeutic strategy for tackling biofilm-associated bacterial infections. The enormous potential in genetic diversity of the marine microbial community make it a valuable resource for mining activities responsible for a broad range of metabolic processes, including the alginolytic activity responsible for degrading alginate. A collection of 36 bacterial isolates were purified from marine water based on their alginolytic activity. These isolates were identified based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Pseudoalteromonas sp. 1400 showed the highest alginolytic activity and was further confirmed to produce the enzyme alginate lyase. The purified alginate lyase (AlyP1400) produced by Pseudoalteromonas sp. 1400 showed a band of 23 KDa on a protein electrophoresis gel and exhibited a bifunctional lyase activity for both poly-mannuronic acid and poly-glucuronic acid degradation. A tryptic digestion of this gel band analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry confirmed high similarity to the alginate lyases in polysaccharide lyase family 18. The purified alginate lyase showed a maximum relative activity at 30 °C at a slightly acidic condition. It decreased the sodium alginate viscosity by over 90% and reduced the P. aeruginosa (strain PA14) biofilms by 69% after 24 h of incubation. The combined activity of AlyP1400 with carbenicillin or ciprofloxacin reduced the P. aeruginosa biofilm thickness, biovolume and surface area in a flow cell system. The present data revealed that AlyP1400 combined with conventional antibiotics helped to disrupt the biofilms produced by P. aeruginosa and can be used as a promising combinational therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
|
16
|
Eldeen MS, Elfeky EH, Hashish AET, Hassan A. Comparison of inhibitory effect between DL–tryptophan and lactoferrin on Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation in wound dressing. JOURNAL OF ACUTE DISEASE 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/2221-6189.263707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
17
|
Cho DY, Lim DJ, Mackey C, Skinner D, Zhang S, McCormick J, Woodworth BA. Ivacaftor, a Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Potentiator, Enhances Ciprofloxacin Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2018; 33:129-136. [PMID: 30585080 DOI: 10.1177/1945892418815615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methods to improve the clinical efficacy of currently available antibiotics against multidrug resistant bacteria in cystic fibrosis (CF) chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are greatly needed. Ivacaftor, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, was recently identified as having potentially beneficial off-target effects as a weak inhibitor of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The objective of the current study is to evaluate whether ivacaftor enhances the antimicrobial activity of ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS The planktonic growth of the PAO-1 strain of P. aeruginosa was studied in the presence of ciprofloxacin and/or ivacaftor. Effects were measured according to optical density of cultured PAO-1 at 600 nm. For a static PAO-1 biofilm assay, the PAO-1 strain was inoculated and cultured for 72 h in the presence of the drugs. Formed PAO-1 biofilms were quantified by crystal violet staining and imaged with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS PAO-1 growth was significantly reduced in the presence of ivacaftor (8 or 16 µg/mL) and ciprofloxacin (0.02 or 0.05 µg/mL) compared to ciprofloxacin alone ( P < .001). Similarly, ivacaftor (8 or 16 µg/mL) showed a significant reduction of PAO-1 biofilms when treated with 0.05 µg/mL of ciprofloxacin. Significant synergism was noted between ciprofloxacin and 16 µg/mL of ivacaftor ( P < .0001) in reducing planktonic growth and biofilm formation. Quantitative measurements with crystal violet staining were correlated to CLSM and SEM images. CONCLUSION Ivacaftor enhanced ciprofloxacin's antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa. Further studies evaluating the efficacy of ivacaftor/ciprofloxacin combination for P. aeruginosa for CF CRS are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dong Jin Lim
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Calvin Mackey
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daniel Skinner
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Justin McCormick
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- 1 Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,2 Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramalingam V, Raja S, Sundaramahalingam S, Rajaram R. Chemical fabrication of graphene oxide nanosheets attenuates biofilm formation of human clinical pathogens. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:326-335. [PMID: 30396117 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO) has been recently attracted considerable interest for its potential applications in physical, chemical and biological properties. In the present study, the GO nanosheets were prepared by a chemical exfoliation technique using a modified Hummers method. Initially, the prepared GO nanosheets were confirmed by UV-vis spectroscopy and further characterized by FE-SEM, Edax, HR-TEM and SAED that demonstrated the formation of GO nanosheets with few layers flat sheet structure with hexagonal lattice crystalline nature. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of various oxygen containing functional groups has been produced from graphite plane by exfoliation technique. The prepared GO nanosheets showed excellent antibiotic resistant activity against planktonic bacteria and more effective to damage the established biofilms and inhibits the biofilm formation of human clinical pathogens like E. coli and P. aeruginosa. Further, the GO nanosheets were found to be non-toxic to normal mammalian cells and there are no apparent morphological changes were observed in control and treated cells. In conclusion, GO nanosheets were effectively preventing the formation of biofilms and kills the represent bacteria that suggested the GO nanosheets could be used for the prevention and treatment of biofilm-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vaikundamoorthy Ramalingam
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sakthivel Raja
- Crystal Growth and Thin Film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Sundaramahalingam
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mepco Schlenk Engineering College, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajendran Rajaram
- DNA Barcoding and Marine Genomics Laboratory, Department of Marine Science, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abenojar EC, Wickramasinghe S, Ju M, Uppaluri S, Klika A, George J, Barsoum W, Frangiamore SJ, Higuera-Rueda CA, Samia ACS. Magnetic Glycol Chitin-Based Hydrogel Nanocomposite for Combined Thermal and d-Amino-Acid-Assisted Biofilm Disruption. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1246-1256. [PMID: 29775283 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are highly antibiotic resistant microbial cell associations that lead to chronic infections. Unlike free-floating planktonic bacterial cells, the biofilms are encapsulated in a hardly penetrable extracellular polymeric matrix and, thus, demand innovative approaches for treatment. Recent advancements on the development of gel-nanocomposite systems with tailored therapeutic properties provide promising routes to develop novel antimicrobial agents that can be designed to disrupt and completely eradicate preformed biofilms. In our study, we developed a unique thermoresponsive magnetic glycol chitin-based nanocomposite containing d-amino acids and iron oxide nanoparticles, which can be delivered and undergoes transformation from a solution to a gel state at physiological temperature for sustained release of d-amino acids and magnetic field actuated thermal treatment of targeted infection sites. The d-amino acids in the hydrogel nanocomposite have been previously reported to inhibit biofilm formation and also disrupt existing biofilms. In addition, loading the hydrogel nanocomposite with magnetic nanoparticles allows for combination thermal treatment following magnetic field (magnetic hyperthermia) stimulation. Using this novel two-step approach to utilize an externally actuated gel-nanocomposite system for thermal treatment, following initial disruption with d-amino acids, we were able to demonstrate in vitro the total eradication of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms, which were resistant to conventional antibiotics and were not completely eradicated by separate d-amino acid or magnetic hyperthermia treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric C. Abenojar
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sameera Wickramasinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Minseon Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sarika Uppaluri
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alison Klika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Jaiben George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Wael Barsoum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Salvatore J. Frangiamore
- Summa Health Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, 1 Park West Boulevard, Akron, Ohio 44320, United States
| | - Carlos A. Higuera-Rueda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Anna Cristina S. Samia
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
O'Brien S, Fothergill JL. The role of multispecies social interactions in shaping Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity in the cystic fibrosis lung. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 364:3958795. [PMID: 28859314 PMCID: PMC5812498 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major pathogen in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, it is now recognised that a diverse microbial community exists in the airways comprising aerobic and anaerobic bacteria as well as fungi and viruses. This rich soup of microorganisms provides ample opportunity for interspecies interactions, particularly when considering secreted compounds. Here, we discuss how P. aeruginosa-secreted products can have community-wide effects, with the potential to ultimately shape microbial community dynamics within the lung. We focus on three well-studied traits associated with worsening clinical outcome in CF: phenazines, siderophores and biofilm formation, and discuss how secretions can shape interactions between P. aeruginosa and other commonly encountered members of the lung microbiome: Staphylococcus aureus, the Burkholderia cepacia complex, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. These interactions may shape the evolutionary trajectory of P. aeruginosa while providing new opportunities for therapeutic exploitation of the CF lung microbiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán O'Brien
- Center for Adaptation to a Changing Environment (ACE), ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Joanne L Fothergill
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, 8 West Derby Street, Liverpool L69 7B3, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sharma K, Pagedar Singh A. Antibiofilm Effect of DNase against Single and Mixed Species Biofilm. Foods 2018; 7:E42. [PMID: 29562719 PMCID: PMC5867557 DOI: 10.3390/foods7030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are aggregates of microorganisms that coexist in socially coordinated micro-niche in a self-produced polymeric matrix on pre-conditioned surfaces. The biofilm matrix reduces the efficacy of antibiofilm strategies. DNase degrades the extracellular DNA (e-DNA) present in the matrix, rendering the matrix weak and susceptible to antimicrobials. In the current study, the effect of DNase I was evaluated during biofilm formation (pre-treatment), on preformed biofilms (post-treatment) and both (dual treatment). The DNase I pre-treatment was optimized for P. aeruginosa PAO1 (model biofilm organism) at 10 µg/mL and post-treatment at 10 µg/mL with 15 min of contact duration. Inclusion of Mg2+ alongside DNase I post-treatment resulted in 90% reduction in biofilm within only 5 min of contact time (irrespective of age of biofilm). On extension of these findings, DNase I was found to be less effective against mixed species biofilm than individual biofilms. DNase I can be used as potent antibiofilm agent and with further optimization can be effectively used for biofilm prevention and reduction in situ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Sharma
- Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study and Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences, New Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand 388121, Gujarat, India.
| | - Ankita Pagedar Singh
- Department of Food Processing Technology, AD Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidya Nagar, Anand 388121, Gujarat, India.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cho DY, Lim DJ, Mackey C, Weeks CG, Peña Garcia JA, Skinner D, Grayson JW, Hill HS, Alexander DK, Zhang S, Woodworth BA. l-Methionine anti-biofilm activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa is enhanced by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator potentiator, ivacaftor. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol 2018; 8:577-583. [PMID: 29412515 DOI: 10.1002/alr.22088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biofilms may contribute to refractory chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), as they lead to antibiotic resistance and failure of effective clinical treatment. l-Methionine is an amino acid with reported biofilm-inhibiting properties. Ivacaftor is a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) potentiator with mild antimicrobial activity via inhibition of bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether co-treatment with ivacaftor and l-methionine can reduce the formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. METHODS P aeruginosa (PAO-1 strain) biofilms were studied in the presence of l-methionine and/or ivacaftor. For static biofilm assays, PAO-1 was cultured in a 48-well plate for 72 hours with stepwise combinations of these agents. Relative biofilm inhibitions were measured according to optical density of crystal violet stain at 590 nm. Live/dead assays (BacTiter-Glo™ assay, Promega) were imaged with laser scanning confocal microscopy. An agar diffusion test was used to confirm antibacterial effects of the drugs. RESULTS l-Methionine (0.5 μM) significantly reduced PAO-1 biofilm mass (32.4 ± 18.0%; n = 4; p < 0.001) compared with controls. Low doses of ivacaftor alone (4, 8, and 12 μg/mL) had no effect on biofilm formation. When combined with ivacaftor (4 μg/mL), a synergistic anti-biofilm effect was noted at 0.05 μM and 0.5 μM of l-methionine (two-way analysis of variane, p = 0.0415) compared with corresponding concentrations of l-methionine alone. CONCLUSION Ivacaftor enhanced the anti-biofilm activity of l-methionine against the PAO-1 strain of P aeruginosa. Further studies evaluating the efficacy of ivacaftor/l-methionine combinations for P aeruginosa sinusitis are planned.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Yeon Cho
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Dong-Jin Lim
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Calvin Mackey
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Christopher G Weeks
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jaime A Peña Garcia
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel Skinner
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jessica W Grayson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Harrison S Hill
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - David K Alexander
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Shaoyan Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Bradford A Woodworth
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Gregory Fleming James Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kim MK, Kang HK, Ko SJ, Hong MJ, Bang JK, Seo CH, Park Y. Mechanisms driving the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of Hp1404 and its analogue peptides against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1763. [PMID: 29379033 PMCID: PMC5789083 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hp1404, identified from the venom of the scorpion Heterometrus petersii, displays antimicrobial activity with cytotoxicity. Several synthetic peptides were designed based on the parent peptide Hp1404 to reduce cytotoxicity and improve activity (deletion of glycine and phenylalanine, substitution with leucine and lysine). The analogue peptides generated comprised 12 amino acids and displayed amphipathic α-helical structures, with higher hydrophobic moments and net positive charge than those of the Hp1404. The analogues showed less hemolytic and toxic effects toward mammalian cells than the Hp1404, especially Hp1404-T1e, which exhibited particularly potent antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MRPA) strains. The analogue peptide Hp1404-T1e was more stable against salt and trypsin than the Hp1404. Hp1404's mechanism of action involves binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thereby killing bacteria through membrane disruption. Hp1404-T1e kills bacteria more rapidly than Hp1404 and not only seems to bind more strongly to LPS but may also be able to enter bacterial cells and interact with their DNA. Additionally, Hp1404-T1e can effectively kill bacteria in vivo. The results of this study indicate that Hp1404-T1e not only displays antimicrobial activity, but is also functional in physiological conditions, confirming its potential use as an effective therapeutic agent against MRPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyung Kim
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Kyoung Kang
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jin Ko
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ji Hong
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Kyu Bang
- Division of Magnetic Resonance, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chung-Buk, 363-883, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ho Seo
- Department of Bioinformatics, Kongju National University, Kongju, 314-701, South Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Research Center for proteineous Materials (RCPM), Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology and BK21-Plus Research Team for Bioactive Control Technology, Chosun University, Kwangju, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Koo H, Allan RN, Howlin RP, Hall-Stoodley L, Stoodley P. Targeting microbial biofilms: current and prospective therapeutic strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol 2017; 15:740-755. [PMID: 28944770 PMCID: PMC5685531 DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro.2017.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 978] [Impact Index Per Article: 139.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor for a wide range of microorganisms that cause chronic infections. The multifactorial nature of biofilm development and drug tolerance imposes great challenges for the use of conventional antimicrobials and indicates the need for multi-targeted or combinatorial therapies. In this Review, we focus on current therapeutic strategies and those under development that target vital structural and functional traits of microbial biofilms and drug tolerance mechanisms, including the extracellular matrix and dormant cells. We emphasize strategies that are supported by in vivo or ex vivo studies, highlight emerging biofilm-targeting technologies and provide a rationale for multi-targeted therapies aimed at disrupting the complex biofilm microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Raymond N Allan
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Robert P Howlin
- Centre for Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Luanne Hall-Stoodley
- Southampton NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Centre for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Centre for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Depts. Orthopaedics and Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- National Center for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
She P, Wang Y, Luo Z, Chen L, Tan R, Wang Y, Wu Y. Meloxicam inhibits biofilm formation and enhances antimicrobial agents efficacy by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiologyopen 2017; 7. [PMID: 29178590 PMCID: PMC5822345 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are communities of surface‐adhered cells enclosed in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Bacterial cells in biofilm are 10~1,000‐fold more resistant to antimicrobials than the planktonic cells. Burgeoning antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm has necessitated the development of antimicrobial agents. Here, we have investigated the antibiofilm effect of meloxicam against P. aeruginosaPAO1 and its potential mechanisms. Further, we have explored whether meloxicam could enhance the susceptibility of bacterial biofilms to treatment with conventional antimicrobials. Here, we found that meloxicam could significantly inhibit PAO1 biofilm formation in a dose‐dependent manner at the concentration without influence on planktonic cell growth. Meloxicam could also significantly inhibit the motilities, production of extracellular matrix, and expression of quorum sensing‐related genes and virulence factors of PAO1. Furthermore, synergistic interaction was observed when meloxicam combined with tetracycline, gentamicin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ceftazidime, and DNase at subminimal inhibitory concentrations against PAO1 bioiflm. Collectively, our study lays the foundation for further investigation of repurposing meloxicam as a topical antibiofilm agent to treat P. aeruginosa biofilm‐related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yangxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruichen Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanle Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chatterjee M, D'Morris S, Paul V, Warrier S, Vasudevan AK, Vanuopadath M, Nair SS, Paul-Prasanth B, Mohan CG, Biswas R. Mechanistic understanding of Phenyllactic acid mediated inhibition of quorum sensing and biofilm development in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:8223-8236. [PMID: 28983655 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8546-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa depends on its quorum sensing (QS) system for its virulence factors' production and biofilm formation. Biofilms of P. aeruginosa on the surface of indwelling catheters are often resistant to antibiotic therapy. Alternative approaches that employ QS inhibitors alone or in combination with antibiotics are being developed to tackle P. aeruginosa infections. Here, we have studied the mechanism of action of 3-Phenyllactic acid (PLA), a QS inhibitory compound produced by Lactobacillus species, against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Our study revealed that PLA inhibited the expression of virulence factors such as pyocyanin, protease, and rhamnolipids that are involved in the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Swarming motility, another important criterion for biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1, was also inhibited by PLA. Gene expression, mass spectrometric, functional complementation assays, and in silico data indicated that the quorum quenching and biofilm inhibitory activities of PLA are attributed to its ability to interact with P. aeruginosa QS receptors. PLA antagonistically binds to QS receptors RhlR and PqsR with a higher affinity than its cognate ligands N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and 2-heptyl-3,4-dihydroxyquinoline (PQS; Pseudomonas quinolone signal). Using an in vivo intraperitoneal catheter-associated medaka fish infection model, we proved that PLA inhibited the initial attachment of P. aeruginosa PAO1 on implanted catheter tubes. Our in vitro and in vivo results revealed the potential of PLA as anti-biofilm compound against P. aeruginosa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maitrayee Chatterjee
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sharon D'Morris
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Vinod Paul
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Sruthi Warrier
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Anil Kumar Vasudevan
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | | | | | - Bindhu Paul-Prasanth
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - C Gopi Mohan
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India
| | - Raja Biswas
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita University, Cochin, Kerala, 682041, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fluegge K, Fluegge K. Anesthetic agents, neurodevelopmental risk and the connection to bacterial infections. Microbes Infect 2017; 19:443-448. [PMID: 28666807 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This short communication identifies a significant flaw in research investigating the neurodevelopmental consequences of general anesthesia exposure. We have identified that chronic environmental exposure to pervasive air pollutants that are also widely used as anesthetic agents, specifically nitrous oxide (N2O), may contribute to the rising prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders. Consistent with the emerging link between microbes and psychiatric illness risk, this epidemiological analysis extends our prior conclusions by proposing that such exposures may alter host immunity so as to enhance vulnerability to certain pathogenic microbes that have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Clostridium difficile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keith Fluegge
- Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA.
| | - Kyle Fluegge
- Institute of Health and Environmental Research, Cleveland, OH 44118, USA; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York 11101-4132, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
D-methionine interferes with non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae peptidoglycan synthesis during growth and biofilm formation. Microbiology (Reading) 2017; 163:1093-1104. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.000491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
29
|
Establishment of a multi-species biofilm model and metatranscriptomic analysis of biofilm and planktonic cell communities. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:7263-79. [PMID: 27102130 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7532-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We collected several biofilm samples from Japanese rivers and established a reproducible multi-species biofilm model that can be analyzed in laboratories. Bacterial abundance at the generic level was highly similar between the planktonic and biofilm communities, whereas comparative metatranscriptomic analysis revealed many upregulated and downregulated genes in the biofilm. Many genes involved in iron-sulfur metabolism, stress response, and cell envelope function were upregulated; biofilm formation is mediated by an iron-dependent signaling mechanism and the signal is relayed to stress-responsive and cell envelope function genes. Flagella-related gene expression was regulated depending upon the growth phase, indicating different roles of flagella during the adherence, maturation, and dispersal steps of biofilm formation. Downregulation of DNA repair genes was observed, indicating that spontaneous mutation frequency would be elevated within the biofilm and that the biofilm is a cradle for generating novel genetic traits. Although the significance remains unclear, genes for rRNA methyltransferase, chromosome partitioning, aminoacyl-tRNA synthase, and cysteine, methionine, leucine, thiamine, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism were found to be differentially regulated. These results indicate that planktonic and biofilm communities are in different dynamic states. Studies on biofilm and sessile cells, which have received less attention, are important for understanding microbial ecology and for designing tailor-made anti-biofilm drugs.
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu S, Liu G, Jin W, Xiu P, Sun C. Antibiofilm and Anti-Infection of a Marine Bacterial Exopolysaccharide Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:102. [PMID: 26903981 PMCID: PMC4744842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms and produces virulence factors, thus leading to major problems in many fields, such as clinical infection, food contamination, and marine biofouling. In this study, we report the purification and characterization of an exopolysaccharide EPS273 from the culture supernatant of marine bacterium P. stutzeri 273. The exopolysaccharide EPS273 not only effectively inhibits biofilm formation but also disperses preformed biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1. High performance liquid chromatography traces of the hydrolyzed polysaccharides shows that EPS273 primarily consists of glucosamine, rhamnose, glucose and mannose. Further investigation demonstrates that EPS273 reduces the production of the virulence factors pyocyanin, exoprotease, and rhamnolipid, and the virulence of P. aeruginosa PAO1 to human lung cells A549 and zebrafish embryos is also obviously attenuated by EPS273. In addition, EPS273 also greatly reduces the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and extracellular DNA (eDNA), which are important factors for biofilm formation. Furthermore, EPS273 exhibits strong antioxidant potential by quenching hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals. Notably, the antibiofouling activity of EPS273 is observed in the marine environment up to 2 weeks according to the amounts of bacteria and diatoms in the glass slides submerged in the ocean. Taken together, the properties of EPS273 indicate that it has a promising prospect in combating bacterial biofilm-associated infection, food-processing contamination and marine biofouling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao, China
| | - Ge Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Weihua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China
| | - Pengyuan Xiu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Chaomin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesQingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|