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Du W, Hu L, Xia J, Zhang L, Li S, Kuai Y, Cao Z, Xu F, Liu Y, Zhou K, Xie K, Yu B, Raposo EP, Gomes ASL, Hu Z. Observation of the photonic Hall effect and photonic magnetoresistance in random lasers. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4589. [PMID: 38816395 PMCID: PMC11139889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Modulation of scattering in random lasers (RLs) by magnetic fields has attracted much attention due to its rich physical insights. We fabricate magnetic gain polymer optical fiber to generate RLs. From macroscopic experimental phenomena, with the increase of the magnetic field strength, the magnetic transverse photocurrent exists in disordered multiple scattering of RLs and the emission intensity of RLs decreases, which is the experimental observation of photonic Hall effect (PHE) and photonic magnetoresistance (PMR) in RLs. At the microscopic level, based on the field dependence theory of magnetic disorder in scattered nanoparticles and the replica symmetry breaking theory, the magnetic-induced transverse diffusion of photons reduces the scattering disorder, and then decreases the intensity fluctuation disorder of RLs. Our work establishes a connection between the above two effects and RLs, visualizes the influence of magnetic field on RL scattering at the microscopic level, which is crucial for the design of RLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Du
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jiangying Xia
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Siqi Li
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yan Kuai
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Zhigang Cao
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Kaiming Zhou
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Kang Xie
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277160, Shandong, China
| | - Benli Yu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Ernesto P Raposo
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anderson S L Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Zhijia Hu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Information Acquisition and Manipulation of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
- School of Physics and Opto-electronics Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
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Câmara JG, da Silva DM, Kassab LRP, de Araújo CB. Random laser emission from neodymium doped alumina lead-germanate glass powder. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:C59-C63. [PMID: 37133059 DOI: 10.1364/ao.476767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Random lasing is reported for the first time, to our knowledge, in neodymium doped alumina lead-germanate (GPA) glass powder. The samples were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique at room temperature, and x-ray diffraction was used to confirm the amorphous structure of the glass. Powders with average grain size of about 2 µm were prepared by grinding the glass samples and using sedimentation in isopropyl alcohol to remove the coarsest particles. The sample was excited using an optical parametric oscillator tuned to 808 nm, in resonance with the neodymium ion (N d 3+) transition 4 I 9/2→{4 F 5/2,2 H 9/2}. Random laser (RL) emission at 1060 nm (N d 3+ transition: 4 F 3/2→4 I 11/2) was observed for an energy fluence excitation threshold (E F E r m t h ) of about 0.3m J/m m 2. Above the E F E t h , a short RL pulse in the nanosecond range is observed, corroborating the lasing process. Contrary to what one might suppose, the use of large quantities of neodymium oxide (10% wt. of N d 2 O 3) in the GPA glass, which leads to luminescence concentration quenching (LCQ), is not a disadvantage, once stimulated emissions (RL emission) occur faster than the nonradiative energy-transfer time among N d 3+ ions responsible for the LCQ.
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Random lasing and replica symmetry breaking in GeO2-PbO-MgO glass–ceramics doped with neodymium. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19438. [PMID: 36376425 PMCID: PMC9663723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the random lasing process and Replica Symmetry Breaking (RSB) phenomenon in neodymium ions (Nd3+) doped lead-germanate glass–ceramics (GCs) containing MgO. Glass samples were fabricated by conventional melt-quenching technique and the GCs were obtained by carefully devitrifying the parent glasses at 830 °C for different time intervals. The partial crystallization of the parent glasses was verified by X-ray diffraction. Photoluminescence (PL) enhancement of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\approx$$\end{document}≈ 500% relative to the parent glasses was observed for samples with a higher crystallinity degree (annealed during 5 h). Powders with grains having average size of 2 µm were prepared by griding the GCs samples. The Random Laser (RL) was excited at 808 nm, in resonance with the Nd3+ transition 4I9/2 → {4F5/2, 2H9/2}, and emitted at 1068 nm (transition 4F3/2 → 4I11/2). The RL performance was clearly enhanced for the sample with the highest crystallinity degree whose energy fluence excitation threshold (EFEth) was 0.25 mJ/mm2. The enhanced performance is attributed to the residence-time growth of photons inside the sample and the higher quantum efficiency of Nd3+ incorporated within the microcrystals, where radiative losses are reduced. Moreover, the phenomenon of Replica Symmetry Breaking (RSB), characteristic of a photonic-phase-transition, was detected by measuring the intensity fluctuations of the RL emission. The Parisi overlap parameter was determined for all samples, for excitation below and above the EFEth. This is the first time, for the best of the authors knowledge, that RL emission and RSB are reported for a glass–ceramic system.
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Wang H, Lu P, Chen C, Mihailov S, Chen L, Bao X. Stabilizing Brillouin random laser with photon localization by feedback of distributed random fiber grating array. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:20712-20724. [PMID: 36224809 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Strong scattering random media can localize light and extend photon lifetime through multiple scattering, which offers opportunities for stabilizing random lasers. Here, we demonstrate a frequency stabilized Brillouin random laser with high coherence enabled by photon localization in random fiber grating array (RFGA). Photon trapping is realized due to wave interference in multi-scattering Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities between random fiber gratings enabling light localization to prolong photon lifetime. The formation of the high finesse peaks of RFGA suppresses multi-longitudinal modes, which offers single-mode operation at high pump power. The RFGA distributed feedback-based Brillouin random fiber laser (BRFL) maintains a small frequency drift with the pump laser (a phase-locked laser with a linewidth of 100 Hz) at 51 kHz/s for a total change of 620 kHz over 12 s. Note there is no locking between the two lasers, and the beat frequency is measured by the optical heterodyne method. The correlation coefficient change of the measured optical beat frequency is maintained at 4.5%. This indicates that the BRFL is capable of maintaining a small optical frequency difference with the phase-locked pump laser over 12 s thanks to the RFGA capable of trapping photons in the same path, which is a remarkable feature for a random fiber laser. Furthermore, we confirm the single-mode lasing with a long lifetime in the stabilizing BRFL by the replica symmetry behavior and ultralow intensity noise at high pump power. Our findings explore a new approach to stabilize the frequency of Brillouin random lasers passively without commonly used active phase locking laser themes, which makes a simple and cost-effective system.
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Tommasi F, Auvity B, Fini L, Martelli F, Cavalieri S. Direct Measurement of the Reduced Scattering Coefficient by a Calibrated Random Laser Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:1401. [PMID: 35214302 PMCID: PMC8963062 DOI: 10.3390/s22041401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The research in optical sensors has been largely encouraged by the demand for low-cost and less or non-invasive new detection strategies. The invention of the random laser has opened a new frontier in optics, providing also the opportunity to explore new possibilities in the field of sensing, besides several different and peculiar phenomena. The main advantage in exploiting the physical principle of the random laser in optical sensors is due to the presence of the stimulated emission mechanism, which allows amplification and spectral modification of the signal. Here, we present a step forward in the exploitation of this optical phenomenon by a revisitation of a previous experimental setup, as well as the measurement method, in particular to mitigate the instability of the results due to shot-to-shot pump energy fluctuations. In particular, the main novelties of the setup are the use of optical fibers, a reference sensor, and a peristaltic pump. These improvements are devoted to: eliminating optical beam alignment issues; improving portability; mitigating the variation in pump energy and gain medium performances over time; realizing an easy and rapid change of the sensed medium. The results showed that such a setup can be considered a prototype for a portable device for directly measuring the scattering of liquid samples, without resorting to complicated numerical or analytic inversion procedures of the measured data, once the suitable calibration of the system is performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Baptiste Auvity
- Département de Physique, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment Hbar 625-Porte 333 Rue Louis de Broglie, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Lorenzo Fini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Fabrizio Martelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.F.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (L.F.); (F.M.)
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Zhou Z, Chen L, Bao X. High efficiency Brillouin random fiber laser with replica symmetry breaking enabled by random fiber grating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:6532-6541. [PMID: 33726172 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a high efficiency Brillouin random fiber laser (BRFL) enabled by a random fiber grating (RFG) with demonstration of replica symmetry breaking (RSB). The RFG was characterized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) method, which measured the spatially resolved reflectivity of RFG by a tunable delay line. Multiple narrow linewidth peaks appeared in reflection spectrum of RFG, created by frozen scattering centers acting as narrow linewidth filters to select random modes in random fiber lasers based on Brillouin gain. With the scattering from RFG as disordered feedback, a BRFL with slope efficiency of 29.3% and lasing threshold of 10.2 mW was demonstrated with 1 kHz linewidth. Intensity dynamics show that RFG can reduce the noise of BRFL with a symmetric phase portrait, indicating the increased mean path length and coherence time of the Stokes photons. The probability distribution of the Parisi overlap parameter of intensity fluctuation spectra from trace to trace reveal a photonic spin-glass phase with RSB in the RFG enabled BRFL, providing a photonic platform to study the photon glassy behavior of random fiber lasers.
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Sarkar A, Bhaktha BNS, Andreasen J. Replica Symmetry Breaking in a Weakly Scattering Optofluidic Random Laser. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2628. [PMID: 32060490 PMCID: PMC7021834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59575-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the observation of replica symmetry breaking (RSB) in a weakly scattering optofluidic random laser (ORL). Coherent random lasing is indicated by the presence of narrow peaks rising out of the spectral background. This coherence helps to identify a random laser threshold, which is expected to be gradual with weak scattering. We find that lasing action initiated using optical pulsed pumping coincides with the onset of both RSB and Lévy flight statistics. However, the transition from the photonic paramagnetic to photonic glass phase is more subtle in that the Parisi overlap function broadens instead of completely changing shape. This subtlety is balanced by an accompanying result of identical experimental conditions giving rise to lasing or no lasing depending on the shot. Additional statistical calculations and investigations into the fundamental physical mechanisms present in the ORL support this conclusion. Using simple numerical models, we study the critical spectral properties required for RSB to occur, as indicated by the Parisi overlap function. The simplicity of the models helps demonstrate the sensitive nature of this tool and the necessity of additional verification of the physical mechanisms present in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Sarkar
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India. .,Université Grenoble Alpes, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - B N Shivakiran Bhaktha
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
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Tehranchi A, Kashyap R. Theoretical investigations of power fluctuations statistics in Brillouin erbium-doped fiber lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37508-37515. [PMID: 31878529 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present theoretical investigations including simulations and statistical analyses on the fluctuations of the temporal output power in a Brillouin erbium-doped fiber laser. The generation of even Stokes waves up to the 5th order is considered by solving coupled-mode equations including SBS and Kerr nonlinearities. It is demonstrated that by increasing the EDFA pump power and generating a few orders of Stokes waves in such a laser, there are strong power fluctuations and rogue events are expected. Transition from Gaussian-like to levy-like regime is described as the power is increased from threshold resulting in the initial Stokes wave generation to well beyond threshold generating 5 effective even Stokes waves. Accordingly, phase portraits confirm increasing fluctuations as a function of the power. It is also shown that at the SBS lasing threshold, the output signals have the maximum correlation over replicas in round trips, nevertheless by enhancing the power, the correlation diminishes, which results in a full symmetry breaking and the system radiates in a chaotic manner and exhibits random laser behavior.
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Raposo EP, González IRR, Macêdo AMS, Lima BC, Kashyap R, Menezes LDS, Gomes ASL. Evidence of a Floquet Phase in a Photonic System. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:143903. [PMID: 31050490 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.143903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The ground breaking extension of the key concept of phase structure to nonequilibrium regimes was only recently achieved in Floquet systems, characterized by a time-dependent quantum Hamiltonian with a periodic driving source. However, despite the theoretical advances, only very few systems are known to display experimental Floquet phases, not one of them employing a laser emission-based mechanism. Here we report the first experimental observation of a Floquet phase in a photonic system, a disordered fiber laser with spatial eigenmode localization. We apply a periodically oscillating cw pumping source that drives the random couplings of the Floquet Hamiltonian. A photonic Floquet spin-glass phase is demonstrated in the random-lasing regime by extensive measurements of the Parisi overlap parameter and asymmetry properties of its distribution. In contrast, in the fluorescent regime below threshold, the absence of mode localization prevents the stabilization of a Floquet phase. Our results are nicely described by theoretical arguments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto P Raposo
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Iván R R González
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - A M S Macêdo
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bismarck C Lima
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Raman Kashyap
- Fabulas Laboratory, Department of Engineering Physics, Department of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, H3C 3A7, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leonardo de S Menezes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anderson S L Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Coexistence of turbulence-like and glassy behaviours in a photonic system. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17046. [PMID: 30451950 PMCID: PMC6242991 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35434-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coexistence of physical phenomena can occur in quite unexpected ways. Here we demonstrate the first evidence in any physical system of the coexistence in the same set of measurements of two of the most challenging phenomena in complex systems: turbulence and spin glasses. We employ a quasi-one-dimensional random fibre laser, which displays all essential ingredients underlying both behaviours, namely disorder, frustration and nonlinearity, as well as turbulent energy cascades and intermittent energy flux between fluctuation scales. Our extensive experimental results are theoretically supported by a newly defined photonic Pearson correlation coefficient that unveils the role of the intermittency and describes remarkably well both the spin-glass Parisi overlap parameter and the distribution of turbulent-like intensity increments. Our findings open the way to unravel subtle connections with other complex phenomena, such as disordered nonlinear wave propagation, Lévy statistics of intensity fluctuations, and rogue waves.
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11
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Abstract
A silica resonator was demonstrated for random laser generation. The resonator consisted of a conventional microsphere fabricated in an optical fiber tip through electric arc discharge, and modifications to its geometry were carried out to create asymmetry inside the silica structure. The resulting Bunimovich stadium-like microsphere promotes multiple reflections with the boundaries, following the stochastic properties of dynamic billiards. The interference of the multiple scattered beams generates a random signal whose intensity was increased by sputter-coating the microstadium with a gold thin film. The random signal is amplified using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in a ring cavity configuration with feedback, and lasing is identified as temporal and spectral random variations of the signal between consecutive measurements.
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12
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Pierangeli D, Tavani A, Di Mei F, Agranat AJ, Conti C, DelRe E. Observation of replica symmetry breaking in disordered nonlinear wave propagation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1501. [PMID: 29142262 PMCID: PMC5688108 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01612-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A landmark of statistical mechanics, spin-glass theory describes critical phenomena in disordered systems that range from condensed matter to biophysics and social dynamics. The most fascinating concept is the breaking of replica symmetry: identical copies of the randomly interacting system that manifest completely different dynamics. Replica symmetry breaking has been predicted in nonlinear wave propagation, including Bose-Einstein condensates and optics, but it has never been observed. Here, we report the experimental evidence of replica symmetry breaking in optical wave propagation, a phenomenon that emerges from the interplay of disorder and nonlinearity. When mode interaction dominates light dynamics in a disordered optical waveguide, different experimental realizations are found to have an anomalous overlap intensity distribution that signals a transition to an optical glassy phase. The findings demonstrate that nonlinear propagation can manifest features typical of spin-glasses and provide a novel platform for testing so-far unexplored fundamental physical theories for complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pierangeli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Tavani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Di Mei
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Aharon J Agranat
- Applied Physics Department, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Claudio Conti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems, ISC-CNR, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio DelRe
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Complex Systems, ISC-CNR, 00185, Rome, Italy
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13
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Moura AL, Pincheira PIR, Reyna AS, Raposo EP, Gomes ASL, de Araújo CB. Replica Symmetry Breaking in the Photonic Ferromagneticlike Spontaneous Mode-Locking Phase of a Multimode Nd:YAG Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:163902. [PMID: 29099224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.163902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenon in the spontaneous mode-locking regime of a multimode Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The underlying mechanism is quite distinct from that of the RSB recently observed in random lasers. Here, there is no random medium and the phase is not glassy with incoherently oscillating modes as in random lasers. Instead, in each pulse a specific subset of longitudinal modes are activated in a nondeterministic way, whose coherent oscillation dominates and frustrates the others. The emergence of RSB coincides with the onset of ultrashort pulse generation typical of the spontaneous mode-locking regime, both occurring at the laser threshold. On the other hand, when high losses are introduced, RSB is inhibited and only the amplified stimulated emission with replica symmetry is observed. Our results disclose the only theoretically predicted photonic phase with RSB that remained unobserved so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Moura
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Grupo de Física da Matéria Condensada, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas-NCEx, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005 Arapiraca, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Pablo I R Pincheira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Albert S Reyna
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ernesto P Raposo
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anderson S L Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Cid B de Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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14
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Shi X, Chang Q, Tong J, Feng Y, Wang Z, Liu D. Temporal profiles for measuring threshold of random lasers pumped by ns pulses. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5325. [PMID: 28706235 PMCID: PMC5509694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The working threshold is an important parameter to assess the performance of cavity-free random lasers. Here, the temporal profile measurement is proposed as an alternative method to determine the thresholds of the surface plasmon based random lasers pumped by ns pulses based on analyzing the delay time (t Delay) and rising time (t R) of the emission signal. The obvious and slight inflection points of the curves of t Delay and t R varying with the pump power density are observed as indicators for the thresholds of random lasing and for the transition of lasing mode, respectively. The proposed method supplies consistent values to those supplied by traditional methods in frequency-domain for the random systems with different gain length. The demonstrated temporal profile approaches are free from the spectrometers and may be as a candidate for measuring the threshold of random lasers in ultrafast optics, nonlinear optics and bio-compatible optoelectronic probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Junhua Tong
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yunjie Feng
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhaona Wang
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Dahe Liu
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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15
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Lévy Statistics and the Glassy Behavior of Light in Random Fiber Lasers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/app7070644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Marruzzo A, Tyagi P, Antenucci F, Pagnani A, Leuzzi L. Inverse problem for multi-body interaction of nonlinear waves. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3463. [PMID: 28615631 PMCID: PMC5471250 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The inverse problem is studied in multi-body systems with nonlinear dynamics representing, e.g., phase-locked wave systems, standard multimode and random lasers. Using a general model for four-body interacting complex-valued variables we test two methods based on pseudolikelihood, respectively with regularization and with decimation, to determine the coupling constants from sets of measured configurations. We test statistical inference predictions for increasing number of sampled configurations and for an externally tunable temperature-like parameter mimicing real data noise and helping minimization procedures. Analyzed models with phasors and rotors are generalizations of problems of real-valued spherical problems (e.g., density fluctuations), discrete spins (Ising and vectorial Potts) or finite number of states (standard Potts): inference methods presented here can, then, be straightforward applied to a large class of inverse problems. The high versatility of the exposed techniques also concerns the number of expected interactions: results are presented for different graph topologies, ranging from sparse to dense graphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Marruzzo
- NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Payal Tyagi
- NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Antenucci
- NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagnani
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 10129, Torino, Italy
- Human Genetics Foundation, Molecular Biotechnology Center, 10126, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Leuzzi
- NANOTEC-CNR, Institute of Nanotechnology, Soft and Living Matter Laboratory, Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "Sapienza", Piazzale A. Moro 2, I-00185, Roma, Italy
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17
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Tommasi F, Ignesti E, Lepri S, Cavalieri S. Robustness of replica symmetry breaking phenomenology in random laser. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37113. [PMID: 27849029 PMCID: PMC5111062 DOI: 10.1038/srep37113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Random lasers are optical sources where light is amplified by stimulated emission along random paths through an amplifying scattering medium. Connections between their physics and the one of quenched disordered nonlinear systems, notably spin glasses, have been recently suggested. Here we report a first experimental study of correlations of spectral fluctuations intensity in a random laser medium where the scatterers displacement significantly changes among consecutive shots. Remarkably, our results reveal that the replica symmetry breaking (RSB) phenomenology is robust with respect to an averaging over different realizations of the disorder. Moreover, besides opening new intriguing questions about the understanding of such a phenomenon, this work aims to clarify the connection between the RSB with the onset of the Lévy regime, i.e. the fluctuations regime that is a peculiar feature of the random lasing under critical conditions. Our results suggest that the former occurs independently of the latter and then the RSB phenomenology is a generic feature linked to the random laser threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Emilio Ignesti
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Lepri
- Istituto dei Sistemi Complessi, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Madonna del Piano 10, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Cavalieri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1 I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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18
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Large fluctuations at the lasing threshold of solid- and liquid-state dye lasers. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32134. [PMID: 27558968 PMCID: PMC4997259 DOI: 10.1038/srep32134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensity fluctuations in lasers are commonly studied above threshold in some special configurations (especially when emission is fed back into the cavity or when two lasers are coupled) and related with their chaotic behaviour. Similar fluctuating instabilities are usually observed in random lasers, which are open systems with plenty of quasi-modes whose non orthogonality enables them to exchange energy and provides the sort of loss mechanism whose interplay with pumping leads to replica symmetry breaking. The latter however, had never been observed in plain cavity lasers where disorder is absent or not intentionally added. Here we show a fluctuating lasing behaviour at the lasing threshold both in solid and liquid dye lasers. Above and below a narrow range around the threshold the spectral line-shape is well correlated with the pump energy. At the threshold such correlation disappears, and the system enters a regime where emitted laser fluctuates between narrow, intense and broad, weak peaks. The immense number of modes and the reduced resonator quality favour the coupling of modes and prepares the system so that replica symmetry breaking occurs without added disorder.
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19
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Pincheira PIR, Silva AF, Fewo SI, Carreño SJM, Moura AL, Raposo EP, Gomes ASL, de Araújo CB. Observation of photonic paramagnetic to spin-glass transition in a specially designed TiO 2 particle-based dye-colloidal random laser. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:3459-62. [PMID: 27472593 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.003459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal-based random lasers (RLs) are highly efficient and have been exploited in a wide range of geometries. However, in the particular case of ethanol solutions of rhodamines and TiO2 particles, the RL behavior is quite unstable due to the fast precipitation of the particles. In this Letter, specially designed amorphous TiO2 particles were synthesized by a sol-gel method, preventing the degradation of the RL for long operating lifetimes of over 105 shots. As a consequence, this modified colloidal RL allowed the observation of a clear replica-symmetry-breaking phase transition from the paramagnetic fluorescent to spin-glass RL behavior, which has not been observed in the system with nonfunctionalized TiO2 particles.
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20
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Gomes ASL, Raposo EP, Moura AL, Fewo SI, Pincheira PIR, Jerez V, Maia LJQ, de Araújo CB. Observation of Lévy distribution and replica symmetry breaking in random lasers from a single set of measurements. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27987. [PMID: 27292095 PMCID: PMC4904273 DOI: 10.1038/srep27987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Random lasers have been recently exploited as a photonic platform for studies of complex systems. This cross-disciplinary approach opened up new important avenues for the understanding of random-laser behavior, including Lévy-type distributions of strong intensity fluctuations and phase transitions to a photonic spin-glass phase. In this work, we employ the Nd:YBO random laser system to unveil, from a single set of measurements, the physical origin of the complex correspondence between the Lévy fluctuation regime and the replica-symmetry-breaking transition to the spin-glass phase. A novel unexpected finding is also reported: the trend to suppress the spin-glass behavior for high excitation pulse energies. The present description from first principles of this correspondence unfolds new possibilities to characterize other random lasers, such as random fiber lasers, nanolasers and small lasers, which include plasmonic-based, photonic-crystal and bio-derived nanodevices. The statistical nature of the emission provided by random lasers can also impact on their prominent use as sources for speckle-free laser imaging, which nowadays represents one of the most promising applications of random lasers, with expected progress even in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson S L Gomes
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Ernesto P Raposo
- Laboratório de Física Teórica e Computacional, Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - André L Moura
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil.,Grupo de Física da Matéria Condensada, Núcleo de Ciências Exatas - NCEx, Campus Arapiraca, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 57309-005, Arapiraca-AL, Brazil
| | - Serge I Fewo
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Department of Physics, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon
| | - Pablo I R Pincheira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - Vladimir Jerez
- Grupo de investigación FIELDS, Universidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Lauro J Q Maia
- Grupo Física de Materiais, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, 74001-970, Goiânia-GO, Brazil
| | - Cid B de Araújo
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife-PE, Brazil
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21
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Observation of Lévy distribution and replica symmetry breaking in random lasers from a single set of measurements. Sci Rep 2016. [PMID: 27292095 DOI: 10.1038/srep27987.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Random lasers have been recently exploited as a photonic platform for studies of complex systems. This cross-disciplinary approach opened up new important avenues for the understanding of random-laser behavior, including Lévy-type distributions of strong intensity fluctuations and phase transitions to a photonic spin-glass phase. In this work, we employ the Nd:YBO random laser system to unveil, from a single set of measurements, the physical origin of the complex correspondence between the Lévy fluctuation regime and the replica-symmetry-breaking transition to the spin-glass phase. A novel unexpected finding is also reported: the trend to suppress the spin-glass behavior for high excitation pulse energies. The present description from first principles of this correspondence unfolds new possibilities to characterize other random lasers, such as random fiber lasers, nanolasers and small lasers, which include plasmonic-based, photonic-crystal and bio-derived nanodevices. The statistical nature of the emission provided by random lasers can also impact on their prominent use as sources for speckle-free laser imaging, which nowadays represents one of the most promising applications of random lasers, with expected progress even in cancer research.
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22
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Zhang WL, Zheng MY, Ma R, Gong CY, Yang ZJ, Peng GD, Rao YJ. Fiber-Type Random Laser Based on a Cylindrical Waveguide with a Disordered Cladding Layer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26473. [PMID: 27220636 PMCID: PMC4879544 DOI: 10.1038/srep26473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This letter reports a fiber-type random laser (RL) which is made from a capillary coated with a disordered layer at its internal surface and filled with a gain (laser dye) solution in the core region. This fiber-type optical structure, with the disordered layer providing randomly scattered light into the gain region and the cylindrical waveguide providing confinement of light, assists the formation of random lasing modes and enables a flexible and efficient way of making random lasers. We found that the RL is sensitive to laser dye concentration in the core region and there exists a fine exponential relationship between the lasing intensity and particle concentration in the gain solution. The proposed structure could be a fine platform of realizing random lasing and random lasing based sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Meng Ya Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Chao Yang Gong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zhao Ji Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Gang Ding Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.,Photonics &Optical Communications, School of Electrical Engineering &Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, NSW, Australia
| | - Yun Jiang Rao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing &Communications (Education Ministry of China), University of Electronic Science &Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
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