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Lofeu L, Montefeltro F, Simon MN, Kohlsdorf T. Functional modularity and mechanical stress shape plastic responses during fish development. Evolution 2024; 78:1568-1582. [PMID: 38842069 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpae086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The adaptive potential of plastic phenotypes relies on combined developmental responses. We investigated how manipulation of developmental conditions related to foraging mode in the fish Megaleporinus macrocephalus induces plastic responses at different levels: (a) functional modularity of skull bones, (b) biomechanical properties of the chondrocranium using finite element models, (c) bmp4 expression levels, used as a proxy for molecular pathways involved in bone responses to mechanical load. We identified new modules in experimental groups, suggesting increased integration in specific head bone elements associated with the development of subterminal and upturned mouths, which are major features of Megaleporinus plastic morphotypes released in the lab. Plastic responses in head shape involved differences in the magnitude of mechanical stress, which seem restricted to certain chondrocranium regions. Three bones represent a "mechanical unit" related to changes in mouth position induced by foraging mode, suggesting that functional modularity might be enhanced by the way specific regions respond to mechanical load. Differences in bmp4 expression levels between plastic morphotypes indicate associations between molecular signaling pathways and biomechanical responses to load. Our results offer a multilevel perspective of epigenetic factors involved in plastic responses, expanding our knowledge about mechanisms of developmental plasticity that originate novel complex phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Lofeu
- Laboratório de Evolução e Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia - FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Felipe Montefeltro
- Departamento de Biologia e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Ilha Solteira, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tiana Kohlsdorf
- Laboratório de Evolução e Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia - FFCLRP, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Lafond J, Leung C, Angers B. Asexuality shapes traits in a hybrid fish. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7642. [PMID: 39223116 PMCID: PMC11368912 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Animal morphology is influenced by several factors, including gonadal development and gametogenesis. Although their effects are well documented in male/female differentiation, much less is known about same-sex effects, such as those caused by their mode of reproduction. Here, using geometric morphometric analyses, we compare two groups of all-female triploid hybrid fish Chrosomus eos × eos-neogaeus, that differ only by their sexual and asexual reproductive strategies. We demonstrate that morphological differences arise from factors inherently associated with their mode of reproduction, with results replicated in two distinct lineages and in natural and common garden environments. Such differences provide additional insight about the costs and benefits of both reproductive strategies, which have mostly been of a demographic, population genetic, or genetic nature. In particular, these findings have important implications for the ecology of asexual organisms and contribute to the study of sex evolution by adding complexity to the paradox of sex theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Lafond
- Department of biological sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Christelle Leung
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Mont-Joli, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of biological sciences, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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3
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Mert Gören C, Kaymak N. Inter - and intraspecific phenotypic variation in co-occurring invasive and introduced cyprinid fish species. Saudi J Biol Sci 2024; 31:103943. [PMID: 38327658 PMCID: PMC10847375 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A species introduced outside of its native range will likely encounter unusual abiotic and biotic conditions,and may exhibit phenotypic traits that may facilitate survival and persistance. Phenotypic plasticity drives non-native species' development of adaptive traits in the new environment, increases their fitness, and as a result, contributes to invasion success. In this study, we examined inter and intraspecific phenotypic variation (body size and shape) for an invasive (Carassius gibelio) and introduced (Cyprinus carpio) cyprinid fish species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) in the Düden Stream, Turkey, which is a small-scale river system. We hypothesized that interspecific phenotypic variation correlates with fish-specific variables and river site. We further hypothesized that these two species may exhibit similar phenotypic variation patterns between populations. The MANCOVA revealed that species-specific traits, river site, had significant effects on body shape variation and size along the stream. The differences in the shape of the head, the central portion of the body, and fins in both species most probably reflected differences in the swimming and feeding of the fish, possibly to avoid interspecies competition. The intraspecific phenotypic variation observed in both species may indicate rapid local adaptation, triggered by multiple founding event, or/and phenotypic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Mert Gören
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Bioogy, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Nehir Kaymak
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Science, Department of Bioogy, Antalya, Turkey
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4
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Viertler A, Urfer K, Schulz G, Klopfstein S, Spasojevic T. Impact of increasing morphological information by micro-CT scanning on the phylogenetic placement of Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) in amber. SWISS JOURNAL OF PALAEONTOLOGY 2023; 142:30. [PMID: 37927422 PMCID: PMC10624732 DOI: 10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The correct interpretation of fossils and their reliable taxonomic placements are fundamental for understanding the evolutionary history of biodiversity. Amber inclusions often preserve more morphological information than compression fossils, but are often partially hidden or distorted, which can impede taxonomic identification. Here, we studied four new fossil species of Darwin wasps from Baltic and Dominican amber, using micro computed tomography (micro-CT) scans and 3D reconstructions to accurately interpret and increase the availability of morphological information. We then infer their taxonomic placement in a Bayesian phylogenetic analysis by combining morphological and molecular data of extant and fossil Darwin wasps and evaluate the impact and usefulness of the additional information from micro-CT scanning. The results show that although we gained significant morphological information from micro-CT scanning, especially concerning measurements and hidden dorsal and ventral structures, this did not impact subfamily-level placement for any of the four fossils. However, micro-CT scanning improved the precision of fossil placements at the genus level, which might be key in future dating and diversification analyses. Finally, we describe the four new fossil species as Rhyssa gulliveri sp. nov. in Rhyssinae, Triclistus levii sp. nov. in Metopiinae, Firkantus freddykruegeri gen. et. sp. nov. in Pimplinae and Magnocula sarcophaga gen. et sp. nov. in Phygadeuontinae. The first two species are the first known representatives of the subfamilies Rhyssinae and Metopiinae in amber. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13358-023-00294-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Viertler
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Karin Urfer
- Natural History Museum St. Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 263, 9016 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schulz
- Core Facility Micro- and Nanotomography, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B/C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
- Biomaterials Science Center, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Hegenheimermattweg 167 B/C, 4123 Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tamara Spasojevic
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, Baltzerstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Wasiljew BD, Pfaender J, Wipfler B, Gabelaia M, Utama IV, Wantania LL, Herder F. Sexual dimorphism in an adaptive radiation: Does intersexual niche differentiation result in ecological character displacement? Ecol Evol 2021; 11:14615-14629. [PMID: 34765129 PMCID: PMC8571569 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionary radiations are one plausible explanation for the rich biodiversity on Earth. Adaptive radiations are the most studied form of evolutionary radiations, and ecological opportunity has been identified as one factor permitting them. Competition among individuals is supposedly highest in populations of conspecifics. Divergent modes of resource use might minimize trophic overlap, and thus intersexual competition, resulting in ecological character displacement between sexes. However, the role of intersexual differentiation in speciation processes is insufficiently studied. The few studies available suggest that intersexual niche differentiation exists in adaptive radiations, but their role within the radiation, and the extent of differentiation within the organism itself, remains largely unexplored. Here, we test the hypothesis that multiple morphological structures are affected by intersexual niche differentiation in "roundfin" Telmatherina, the first case where intersexual niche differentiation was demonstrated in an adaptive fish radiation. We show that sexes of two of the three morphospecies differ in several structural components of the head, all of these are likely adaptive. Sexual dimorphism is linked to the respective morphospecies-specific ecology and affects several axes of variation. Trait variation translates into different feeding modes, processing types, and habitat usages that add to interspecific variation in all three morphospecies. Intrasexual selection, that is, male-male competition, may contribute to variation in some of the traits, but appears unlikely in internal structures, which are invisible to other individuals. We conclude that intersexual variation adds to the adaptive diversity of roundfins and might play a key role in minimizing intersexual competition in emerging radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ilham Vemandra Utama
- Division of ZoologyIchthyology LaboratoryResearch Center for BiologyIndonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)CibinongIndonesia
| | - Letha Louisiana Wantania
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine ScienceSam Ratulangi UniversityManadoIndonesia
| | - Fabian Herder
- Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander KoenigBonnGermany
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6
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Viertler A, Salzburger W, Ronco F. Comparative scale morphology in the adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from Lake Tanganyika. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The morphology of fish scales has been investigated for > 200 years, but research on evolutionary patterns of scale morphology is scarce. Here, we study scale morphology and its evolution in the adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes from Lake Tanganyika, which are known for their exceptional diversity in habitat use, feeding ecology and morphology. Based on a geometric morphometric approach on eight scales per specimen (covering different body regions), we quantify scale types and morphology across nearly all ~240 species of the cichlid adaptive radiation in Lake Tanganyika. We first show that scale type, shape and ctenii coverage vary along the body, which is probably attributable to adaptations to different functional demands on the respective scales. Our comparative analyses reveal that flank scale size is tightly linked to phylogeny, whereas scale shape and ctenii coverage can be explained only in part by phylogenetic history and/or our proxy for ecology (stable isotopes and body shape), suggesting an additional adaptive component. We also show that our measured scale characteristics can help to assign an individual scale to a taxonomic group or ecotype. Thus, our data may serve as a valuable resource for taxonomic studies and to interpret fossil finds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Viertler
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Ronco
- Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Cytrynbaum EG, Small CM, Kwon RY, Hung B, Kent D, Yan YL, Knope ML, Bremiller RA, Desvignes T, Kimmel CB. Developmental tuning of mineralization drives morphological diversity of gill cover bones in sculpins and their relatives. Evol Lett 2019; 3:374-391. [PMID: 31388447 PMCID: PMC6675512 DOI: 10.1002/evl3.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of osteoblast placement in skeletal morphological variation is relatively well understood, but alternative developmental mechanisms affecting bone shape remain largely unknown. Specifically, very little attention has been paid to variation in later mineralization stages of intramembranous ossification as a driver of morphological diversity. We discover the occurrence of specific, sometimes large, regions of nonmineralized osteoid within bones that also contain mineralized tissue. We show through a variety of histological, molecular, and tomographic tests that this “extended” osteoid material is most likely nonmineralized bone matrix. This tissue type is a significant determinant of gill cover bone shape in the teleostean suborder Cottoidei. We demonstrate repeated evolution of extended osteoid in Cottoidei through ancestral state reconstruction and test for an association between extended osteoid variation and habitat differences among species. Through measurement of extended osteoid at various stages of gill cover development in species across the phylogeny, we gain insight into possible evolutionary developmental origins of the trait. We conclude that this fine‐tuned developmental regulation of bone matrix mineralization reflects heterochrony at multiple biological levels and is a novel mechanism for the evolution of diversity in skeletal morphology. This research lays the groundwork for a new model in which to study bone mineralization and evolutionary developmental processes, particularly as they may relate to adaptation during a prominent evolutionary radiation of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli G Cytrynbaum
- Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403
| | - Clayton M Small
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopedics and Sports Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington 98104.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington 98104.,Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Washington Seattle Washington 98104
| | - Boaz Hung
- Vancouver Aquarium Ocean Wise Vancouver BC V6G 3E2 Canada
| | - Danny Kent
- Vancouver Aquarium Ocean Wise Vancouver BC V6G 3E2 Canada
| | - Yi-Lin Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403
| | - Matthew L Knope
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i at Hilo Hilo Hawaii 96720
| | - Ruth A Bremiller
- Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403
| | - Thomas Desvignes
- Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403
| | - Charles B Kimmel
- Institute of Neuroscience University of Oregon Eugene Oregon 97403
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8
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Chen CT, Robitzch V, Sturaro N, Lepoint G, Berumen ML, Frédérich B. ‘Homemade’: the phenotypic diversity of coral reef damselfish populations is driven by the local environment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ting Chen
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Robitzch
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, E Pugin, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Sturaro
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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9
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Stange M, Aguirre-Fernández G, Salzburger W, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Study of morphological variation of northern Neotropical Ariidae reveals conservatism despite macrohabitat transitions. BMC Evol Biol 2018; 18:38. [PMID: 29587647 PMCID: PMC5870521 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-018-1152-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morphological convergence triggered by trophic adaptations is a common pattern in adaptive radiations. The study of shape variation in an evolutionary context is usually restricted to well-studied fish models. We take advantage of the recently revised systematics of New World Ariidae and investigate skull shape evolution in six genera of northern Neotropical Ariidae. They constitute a lineage that diversified in the marine habitat but repeatedly adapted to freshwater habitats. 3D geometric morphometrics was applied for the first time in catfish skulls and phylogenetically informed statistical analyses were performed to test for the impact of habitat on skull diversification after habitat transition in this lineage. RESULTS We found that skull shape is conserved throughout phylogeny. A morphospace analysis revealed that freshwater and marine species occupy extreme ends of the first principal component axis and that they exhibit similar Procrustes variances. Yet freshwater species occupy the smallest shape space compared to marine and brackish species (based on partial disparity), and marine and freshwater species have the largest Procrustes distance to each other. We observed a single case of shape convergence as derived from 'C-metrics', which cannot be explained by the occupation of the same habitat. CONCLUSIONS Although Ariidae occupy such a broad spectrum of different habitats from sea to freshwater, the morphospace analysis and analyses of shape and co-variation with habitat in a phylogenetic context shows that conservatism dominates skull shape evolution among ariid genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Stange
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4, 8006, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Kimmel CB, Small CM, Knope ML. A rich diversity of opercle bone shape among teleost fishes. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188888. [PMID: 29281662 PMCID: PMC5744915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The opercle is a prominent craniofacial bone supporting the gill cover in all bony fish and has been the subject of morphological, developmental, and genetic investigation. We surveyed the shapes of this bone among 110 families spanning the teleost tree and examined its pattern of occupancy in a principal component-based morphospace. Contrasting with expectations from the literature that suggest the local morphospace would be only sparsely occupied, we find primarily dense, broad filling of the morphological landscape, indicating rich diversity. Phylomorphospace plots suggest that dynamic evolution underlies the observed spatial patterning. Evolutionary transits through the morphospaces are sometimes long, and occur in a variety of directions. The trajectories seem to represent both evolutionary divergences and convergences, the latter supported by convevol analysis. We suggest that that this pattern of occupancy reflects the various adaptations of different groups of fishes, seemingly paralleling their diverse marine and freshwater ecologies and life histories. Opercle shape evolution within the acanthomorphs, spiny ray-finned fishes, appears to have been especially dynamic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles B. Kimmel
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Clayton M. Small
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Matthew L. Knope
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, Hawaii, United States of America
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11
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Abzhanov A. The old and new faces of morphology: the legacy of D'Arcy Thompson's 'theory of transformations' and 'laws of growth'. Development 2017; 144:4284-4297. [PMID: 29183941 DOI: 10.1242/dev.137505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In 1917, the publication of On Growth and Form by D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson challenged both mathematicians and naturalists to think about biological shapes and diversity as more than a confusion of chaotic forms generated at random, but rather as geometric shapes that could be described by principles of physics and mathematics. Thompson's work was based on the ideas of Galileo and Goethe on morphology and of Russell on functionalism, but he was first to postulate that physical forces and internal growth parameters regulate biological forms and could be revealed via geometric transformations in morphological space. Such precise mathematical structure suggested a unifying generative process, as reflected in the title of the book. To Thompson it was growth that could explain the generation of any particular biological form, and changes in ontogeny, rather than natural selection, could then explain the diversity of biological shapes. Whereas adaptationism, widely accepted in evolutionary biology, gives primacy to extrinsic factors in producing morphological variation, Thompson's 'laws of growth' provide intrinsic directives and constraints for the generation of individual shapes, helping to explain the 'profusion of forms, colours, and other modifications' observed in the living world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arhat Abzhanov
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK .,Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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12
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Püschel TA, Gladman JT, Bobe R, Sellers WI. The evolution of the platyrrhine talus: A comparative analysis of the phenetic affinities of the Miocene platyrrhines with their modern relatives. J Hum Evol 2017; 111:179-201. [PMID: 28874270 PMCID: PMC5603972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Platyrrhines are a diverse group of primates that presently occupy a broad range of tropical-equatorial environments in the Americas. However, most of the fossil platyrrhine species of the early Miocene have been found at middle and high latitudes. Although the fossil record of New World monkeys has improved considerably over the past several years, it is still difficult to trace the origin of major modern clades. One of the most commonly preserved anatomical structures of early platyrrhines is the talus. This work provides an analysis of the phenetic affinities of extant platyrrhine tali and their Miocene counterparts through geometric morphometrics and a series of phylogenetic comparative analyses. Geometric morphometrics was used to quantify talar shape affinities, while locomotor mode percentages (LMPs) were used to test if talar shape is associated with locomotion. Comparative analyses were used to test if there was convergence in talar morphology, as well as different models that could explain the evolution of talar shape and size in platyrrhines. Body mass predictions for the fossil sample were also computed using the available articular surfaces. The results showed that most analyzed fossils exhibit a generalized morphology that is similar to some 'generalist' modern species. It was found that talar shape covaries with LMPs, thus allowing the inference of locomotion from talar morphology. The results further suggest that talar shape diversification can be explained by invoking a model of shifts in adaptive peak to three optima representing a phylogenetic hypothesis in which each platyrrhine family occupied a separate adaptive peak. The analyses indicate that platyrrhine talar centroid size diversification was characterized by an early differentiation related to a multidimensional niche model. Finally, the ancestral platyrrhine condition was reconstructed as a medium-sized, generalized, arboreal, quadruped.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Püschel
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Justin T Gladman
- Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA; NYCEP, New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - René Bobe
- Departamento de Antropología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Institute of Cognitive and Evolutionary Anthropology, School of Anthropology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - William I Sellers
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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13
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Stange M, Aguirre-Fernández G, Cooke RG, Barros T, Salzburger W, Sánchez-Villagra MR. Evolution of opercle bone shape along a macrohabitat gradient: species identification using mtDNA and geometric morphometric analyses in neotropical sea catfishes (Ariidae). Ecol Evol 2016; 6:5817-30. [PMID: 27547357 PMCID: PMC4983594 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transitions between the marine and freshwater macrohabitat have occurred repeatedly in the evolution of teleost fishes. For example, ariid catfishes have moved from freshwater to marine environments, and vice versa. Opercles, a skeletal feature that has been shown to change during such transitions, were subjected to 2D geometric morphometric analyses in order to investigate evolutionary shape changes during habitat transition in ariid catfishes and to test the influence of habitat on shape changes. A mtDNA marker, which proved useful in previous studies, was used to verify species identities. It greatly improved the assignment of specimens to a species, which are difficult to assign by morphology alone. The application of a mtDNA marker confirmed the occurrence of Notarius biffi in Central America, South of El Salvador. Molecular identification together with principal component analysis (PCA) and further morphological inspection of neurocrania indicated the existence of a cryptic species within Bagre pinnimaculatus. Principal component (PC) scores of individual specimens clustered in morphospace by genus rather than by habitat. Strong phylogenetic structure was detected using a permutation test of PC scores of species means on a phylogenetic tree. Calculation of Pagel's λ suggested that opercle shape evolved according to a Brownian model of evolution. Yet canonical variate analysis (CVA) conducted on the habitat groups showed significant differences in opercle shapes among freshwater and marine species. Overall, opercle shape in tropical American Ariidae appears to be phylogenetically constrained. This verifies the application of opercle shape as a taxonomic tool for species identification in fossil ariid catfishes. At the same time, adaptation to freshwater habitats shows characteristic opercle shape trajectories in ariid catfishes, which might be used to detect habitat preferences in fossils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madlen Stange
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Zurich Karl-Schmid-Strasse 48006 Zurich Switzerland; Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 14051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Aguirre-Fernández
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Zurich Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4 8006 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Richard G Cooke
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute MRC 0580-08 Apartado 0843-03092 Panama Republic of Panama
| | - Tito Barros
- Museo de Biología Facultad Experimental de Ciencias La Universidad del Zulia Apartado Postal 526 Maracaibo 4011 Estado Zulia Venezuela
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute University of Basel Vesalgasse 1 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcelo R Sánchez-Villagra
- Palaeontological Institute and Museum University of Zurich Karl-Schmid-Strasse 4 8006 Zurich Switzerland
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14
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Oliver MK. A Kink in the Line: Does a Unique Lateral-Line Peculiarity Really Characterize Lake Malaŵi's Huge Haplochromine Species Flock (Teleostei: Cichlidae)? BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2016. [DOI: 10.3374/014.057.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Colombo M, Indermaur A, Meyer BS, Salzburger W. Habitat use and its implications to functional morphology: niche partitioning and the evolution of locomotory morphology in Lake Tanganyikan cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colombo
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Adrian Indermaur
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
| | - Britta S. Meyer
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
- Marine Ecology; Evolutionary Ecology of Marine Fishes; GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel; Düsternbrooker Weg 20 D-24105 Kiel Germany
| | - Walter Salzburger
- Zoological Institute; University of Basel; Vesalgasse 1 CH 4051 Basel Switzerland
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