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He W, Ke X, Li T, Wu Y, Tang X, Chen W, Liu T, Du H. Comparison and improvement of RNA extraction methods in Sargassum (Phaeophyta). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:822-834. [PMID: 37656660 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Sargassum (Sargassaceae) is widely distributed globally and plays an important role in regulating climate change, but the landscape of genomes and transcripts is less known. High-quality nucleic acids are the basis for molecular biology experiments such as high-throughput sequencing. Although extensive studies have documented methods of RNA extraction, these methods are not very applicable to Sargassum, which contains high levels of polysaccharides and polyphenols. To find a suitable method to improve the quality of RNA extracted, we compared and modified several popular RNA extraction methods and screened one practical method with three specific Sargassum spp. The results showed that three CTAB methods (denoted as Methods 1, 2, and 3) and the RNAprep Pure Plant Kit (denoted as Method 4) could, with slight modifications, effectively isolate RNA from Sargassum species, except for Method 4 used with S. fusiforme. By performing further screening, we determined Method 4 was the best choice for S. hemiphyllum and S. henslowianum, as revealed by RNA yields, RNA Integrity Number (RIN), extraction time, and unigene mapped ratio. For S. fusiforme, Methods 1, 2, and 3 showed no obvious differences among the yields, quality, or time to perform. In addition, one other method was tested, but we found the quality of the RNA extracted by TRIzol reagent methods (denoted as Method 5) performed the worst when compared with the above four methods. Therefore, our study provides four suitable methods for RNA extraction in Sargassum and is essential for future genetic exploration of Sargassum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiling He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tangcheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xianming Tang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Maricultural Technology, Hainan Academy of Ocean and Fisheries Sciences, Haikou, China
| | - Weizhou Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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Huang Y, Cui J, Wang S, Chen X, Liao J, Guo Y, Xin R, Huang B, Xie E. Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of adaptation to high temperatures in Gracilaria bailinae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1125324. [PMID: 37123824 PMCID: PMC10140531 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1125324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Global warming causes great thermal stress to macroalgae and those species that can adapt to it are thought to be better able to cope with warmer oceans. Gracilaria bailinae, a macroalgae with high economic and ecological values, can survive through the hot summer in the South China Sea, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its adaptation to high temperatures are unclear. To address this issue, the present study analyzed the growth and transcriptome of G. bailinae after a 7-day exposure to 15°C (LT: low temperature), 25°C (MT: middle temperature), and 35°C (HT: high temperature). Growth analysis showed that the HT group had the highest relative growth rate (RGR = 2.1%) with the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII (F v/F m = 0.62) remaining within the normal range. Transcriptome analysis showed more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison between MT and HT groups than in that between MT and LT, and most of these DEGs tended to be downregulated at higher temperatures. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the carbohydrate, energy, and lipid metabolisms. In addition, the genes involved in NADPH and ATP synthesis, which are associated with photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle, pyruvate metabolism, and the citrate cycle, were downregulated. Downregulation was also observed in genes that encode enzymes involved in fatty acid desaturation and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. In summary, G. bailinae regulated the synthesis of NADPH and ATP, which are involved in the above-mentioned processes, to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, and limited the synthesis of enzymes in the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and alpha-linolenic acid to adapt to high environmental temperatures. The results of this study improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of G. bailinae to high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Enyi Xie
- *Correspondence: Jianjun Cui, ; Enyi Xie,
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Sambhwani K, Kazi MA, Mishra A, Mantri VA. De novo transcriptome analysis of industrially important agarophyte Gracilaria dura (Rhodophyta: Gracilariacae) revealed differential expression of genes in gametophyte and sporophyte life-phases. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Differences in the Formation Mechanism of Giant Colonies in Two Phaeocystis globosa Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155393. [PMID: 32751329 PMCID: PMC7432625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeocystis globosa has become one of the primary causes of harmful algal bloom in coastal areas of southern China in recent years, and it poses a serious threat to the marine environment and other activities depending upon on it (e.g., aquaculture, cooling system of power plants), especially in the Beibu Gulf. We found colonies of P. globosa collected form Guangxi (China) were much larger than those obtained from Shantou cultured in lab. To better understand the causes of giant colonies formation, colonial cells collected from P. globosa GX strain (GX-C) and ST strain (ST-C) were separated by filtration. Morphological observations, phylogenetic analyses, rapid light-response curves, fatty acid profiling and transcriptome analyses of two type cells were performed in the laboratory. Although no differences in morphology and 18S rRNA sequences of these cells were observed, the colonies of GX strain (4.7 mm) are 30 times larger than those produced by the ST strain (300 μm). The rapid light-response curve of GX-C was greater than that of ST-C, consistent with the upregulated photosynthetic system, while the fatty acid content of GX-C was lower than that of ST-C, also consistent with the downregulated synthesis of fatty acids and the upregulated degradation of fatty acids. In summary, the increased energy generated by GX-C is allocated to promote the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides for colony formation. We performed a physiological and molecular assessment of the differences between the GX-C and ST-C strains, providing insights into the mechanisms of giant colonies formation in P. globosa.
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Sun RZ, Zuo EH, Qi JF, Liu Y, Lin CT, Deng X. A role of age-dependent DNA methylation reprogramming in regulating the regeneration capacity of Boea hygrometrica leaves. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 20:133-149. [PMID: 31414312 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00701-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plants can regenerate new individuals under appropriate culture conditions. Although the molecular basis of shoot regeneration has steadily been unraveled, the role of age-dependent DNA methylation status in the regulation of explant regeneration remains practically unknown. Here, we established an effective auxin/cytokinin-induced shoot regeneration system for the resurrection plant Boea hygrometrica via direct organogenesis and observed that regeneration was postponed with increasing age of donor plants. Global transcriptome analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes required for hormone signaling and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and downregulation of photosynthetic genes during regeneration. Transcriptional changes in the positive/negative regulators and cell wall-related proteins involved in plant regeneration, such as ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5), LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN, SHOOT-MERISTEMLESS, and WUSCHEL, were associated with the regeneration process. Comparison of DNA methylation profiling between leaves from young seedlings (YL) and mature plants (ML) revealed increased asymmetrical methylation in ML, which was predominantly distributed in promoter regions of genes, such as HY5 and a member of ABA-responsive element (ABRE) binding protein/ABRE binding factor, as well as genes encoding glycine-rich cell wall structural protein, CENTRORADIALIS-like protein, and beta-glucosidase 40-like essential for shoot meristem and cell wall architecture. Their opposite transcription response in ML explants during regeneration compared with those from YL demonstrated the putative involvement of DNA methylation in regeneration. Moreover, a significant lower expression of DNA glycosylase-lyase required for DNA demethylation in ML was coincident with its postponed regeneration compared with those in YL. Taken together, our results suggest a role of promoter demethylation in B. hygrometrica regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Ze Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - En-Hui Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jin-Feng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Chih-Ta Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Sun X, Wu J, Wang G, Kang Y, Ooi HS, Shen T, Wang F, Yang R, Xu N, Zhao X. Genomic analyses of unique carbohydrate and phytohormone metabolism in the macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:94. [PMID: 29801464 PMCID: PMC5970526 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red algae are economically valuable for food and in industry. However, their genomic information is limited, and the genomic data of only a few species of red algae have been sequenced and deposited recently. In this study, we annotated a draft genome of the macroalga Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta). RESULTS The entire 88.98 Mb genome of Gp. lemaneiformis 981 was generated from 13,825 scaffolds (≥500 bp) with an N50 length of 30,590 bp, accounting for approximately 91% of this algal genome. A total of 38.73 Mb of scaffold sequences were repetitive, and 9281 protein-coding genes were predicted. A phylogenomic analysis of 20 genomes revealed the relationship among the Chromalveolata, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and higher plants. Homology analysis indicated phylogenetic proximity between Gp. lemaneiformis and Chondrus crispus. The number of enzymes related to the metabolism of carbohydrates, including agar, glycoside hydrolases, glycosyltransferases, was abundant. In addition, signaling pathways associated with phytohormones such as auxin, salicylic acid and jasmonates are reported for the first time for this alga. CONCLUSION We sequenced and analyzed a draft genome of the red alga Gp. lemaneiformis, and revealed its carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone signaling characteristics. This work will be helpful in research on the functional and comparative genomics of the order Gracilariales and will enrich the genomic information on marine algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangce Wang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yani Kang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Sain Ooi
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Tingting Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Zhao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
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Wang W, Teng F, Lin Y, Ji D, Xu Y, Chen C, Xie C. Transcriptomic study to understand thermal adaptation in a high temperature-tolerant strain of Pyropia haitanensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195842. [PMID: 29694388 PMCID: PMC5919043 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyropia haitanensis, a high-yield commercial seaweed in China, is currently undergoing increasing levels of high-temperature stress due to gradual global warming. The mechanisms of plant responses to high temperature stress vary with not only plant type but also the degree and duration of high temperature. To understand the mechanism underlying thermal tolerance in P. haitanensis, gene expression and regulation in response to short- and long-term temperature stresses (SHS and LHS) was investigated by performing genome-wide high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing for a high temperature tolerant strain (HTT). A total of 14,164 differential expression genes were identified to be high temperature-responsive in at least one time point by high-temperature treatment, representing 41.10% of the total number of unigenes. The present data indicated a decrease in the photosynthetic and energy metabolic rates in HTT to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, which in turn facilitated in the rapid establishment of acclimatory homeostasis in its transcriptome during SHS. On the other hand, an increase in energy consumption and antioxidant substance activity was observed with LHS, which apparently facilitates in the development of resistance against severe oxidative stress. Meanwhile, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, brassinosteroids, and heat shock proteins also play a vital role in HTT. The effects of SHS and LHS on the mechanism of HTT to resist heat stress were relatively different. The findings may facilitate further studies on gene discovery and the molecular mechanisms underlying high-temperature tolerance in P. haitanensis, as well as allow improvement of breeding schemes for high temperature-tolerant macroalgae that can resist global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Fei Teng
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Yinghui Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Dehua Ji
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Changsheng Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
| | - Chaotian Xie
- Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail:
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Wang W, Lin Y, Teng F, Ji D, Xu Y, Chen C, Xie C. Comparative transcriptome analysis between heat-tolerant and sensitive Pyropia haitanensis strains in response to high temperature stress. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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9
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Liu Y, Zhang HL, Guo HR, Xie L, Zeng RZ, Zhang XQ, Zhang ZS. Transcriptomic and Hormonal Analyses Reveal that YUC-Mediated Auxin Biogenesis Is Involved in Shoot Regeneration from Rhizome in Cymbidium. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1866. [PMID: 29163591 PMCID: PMC5664085 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cymbidium, one of the most important orchid genera in horticulture, can be classified into epiphytic and terrestrial species. Generally, epiphytic Cymbidium seedlings can be easily propagated by tissue culture, but terrestrial seedlings are difficult to propagate. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differences in the ease with which terrestrial and epiphytic cymbidiums can be propagated are largely unknown. Using RNA-sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Cymbidium 'Xiaofeng' (CXF), which can be efficiently micropropagated, and terrestrial Cymbidium sinense 'Qijianbaimo' (CSQ), which has a low regeneration ability, were used to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the micropropagation ability of Cymbidium species. To this end, 447 million clean short reads were generated, and 31,264 annotated unigenes were obtained from 10 cDNA libraries. A total of 1,290 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CXF and CSQ during shoot induction. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis indicated that the DEGs were significantly enriched in auxin pathway-related GO terms. Further analysis demonstrated that YUC and GH3 family genes, which play crucial roles in the regulation of auxin/IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) metabolism, acted quickly in response to shoot induction culture in vitro and were closely correlated with variation in shoot regeneration between CXF and CSQ. In addition, the study showed that IAA accumulated rapidly and significantly during shoot induction in CXF compared to that in CSQ; in contrast, no significant changes in other hormones were observed between CXF and CSQ. Furthermore, shoot regeneration in CXF was inhibited by a yucasin-auxin biosynthesis inhibitor, indicating that increased IAA level is required for high-frequency shoot regeneration in CXF. In conclusion, our study revealed that YUC-mediated auxin biogenesis is involved in shoot regeneration from rhizome in Cymbidium.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiang-Qian Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Zhang
- College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Fierro C, López-Cristoffanini C, Meynard A, Lovazzano C, Castañeda F, Guajardo E, Contreras-Porcia L. Expression profile of desiccation tolerance factors in intertidal seaweed species during the tidal cycle. PLANTA 2017; 245:1149-1164. [PMID: 28289905 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-017-2673-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional modulation of desiccation tolerance factors in P. orbicularis explains its successful recuperation after water deficit. Differential responses to air exposure clarify seaweed distribution along intertidal rocky zones. Desiccation-tolerant seaweed species, such as Pyropia orbicularis, can tolerate near 96% water loss during air exposure. To understand the phenotypic plasticity of P. orbicularis to desiccation, several tolerance factors were assessed by RT-qPCR, Western-blot analysis, and enzymatic assays during the natural desiccation-rehydration cycle. Comparative enzymatic analyses were used to evidence differential responses between P. orbicularis and desiccation-sensitive species. The results showed that during desiccation, the relative mRNA levels of genes associated with basal metabolism [trehalose phosphate synthase (tps) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (pdh)] were overexpressed in P. orbicularis. Transcript levels related to antioxidant metabolism [peroxiredoxin (prx); thioredoxin (trx); catalase (cat); lipoxygenase (lox); ferredoxin (fnr); glutathione S-transferase (gst)], cellular detoxification [ABC transporter (abc) and ubiquitin (ubq)], and signal transduction [calmodulin (cam)] increased approximately 15- to 20-fold, with the majority returning to basal levels during the final hours of rehydration. In contrast, actin (act) and transcription factor 1 (tf1) transcripts were down-regulated. ABC transporter protein levels increased in P. orbicularis during desiccation, whereas PRX transcripts decreased. The antioxidant enzymes showed higher specific activity in P. orbicularis under desiccation, and sensitive species exhibited enzymatic inactivation and scarce ABC and PRX protein detection following prolonged desiccation. In conclusion, the reported findings contribute towards understanding the ecological distribution of intertidal seaweeds at the molecular and functional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Fierro
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camilo López-Cristoffanini
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Meynard
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Lovazzano
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Castañeda
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Guajardo
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Loretto Contreras-Porcia
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile.
- Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Avda. Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
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11
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Wang W, Li H, Lin X, Zhang F, Fang B, Wang Z. The effect of polar auxin transport on adventitious branches formation in Gracilaria lichenoides in vitro. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2016; 158:356-365. [PMID: 27145892 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Seaweed tissue culture (STC) is an important micropropagation tool that has been applied for strain improvement, micropropagation and genetic engineering. Because the mechanisms associated with STC are poorly understood, its application to these organisms lags far behind that of tissue culture propagation of higher plants. Auxin, calcium (Ca2+ ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) fluxes all play key roles during plant growth and development. In this study, we therefore measured indole-3-acetic acid, Ca2+ and H2 O2 fluxes of Gracilaria lichenoides explants during adventitious branches (ABs) formation for the first time using noninvasive micro-test technology. We confirmed that polar auxin transport (PAT) also occurs in the marine red alga G. lichenoides. We additionally found that N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid may suppress auxin efflux via ABCB1 transporters and then inhibit ABs formation from the apical region of G. lichenoides segments. The involvement of Ca2+ and H2 O2 fluxes in PAT-mediated AB formation in G. lichenoides was also investigated. We propose that complex feedback among Ca2+ , H2 O2 and auxin signaling and response systems may occur during ABs polar formation in G. lichenoides explants, similar to that in higher plants. Our results provide innovative insights that should aid future elucidation of mechanisms operative during STC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Huanqin Li
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiangzhi Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Baishan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zhaokai Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Marine Biological Resource Comprehensive Utilization, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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Labeeuw L, Khey J, Bramucci AR, Atwal H, de la Mata AP, Harynuk J, Case RJ. Indole-3-Acetic Acid Is Produced by Emiliania huxleyi Coccolith-Bearing Cells and Triggers a Physiological Response in Bald Cells. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:828. [PMID: 27375567 PMCID: PMC4896954 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is an auxin produced by terrestrial plants which influences development through a variety of cellular mechanisms, such as altering cell orientation, organ development, fertility, and cell elongation. IAA is also produced by bacterial pathogens and symbionts of plants and algae, allowing them to manipulate growth and development of their host. They do so by either producing excess exogenous IAA or hijacking the IAA biosynthesis pathway of their host. The endogenous production of IAA by algae remains contentious. Using Emiliania huxleyi, a globally abundant marine haptophyte, we investigated the presence and potential role of IAA in algae. Homologs of genes involved in several tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis pathways were identified in E. huxleyi. This suggests that this haptophyte can synthesize IAA using various precursors derived from tryptophan. Addition of L-tryptophan to E. huxleyi stimulated IAA production, which could be detected using Salkowski's reagent and GC × GC-TOFMS in the C cell type (coccolith bearing), but not in the N cell type (bald). Various concentrations of IAA were exogenously added to these two cell types to identify a physiological response in E. huxleyi. The N cell type, which did not produce IAA, was more sensitive to it, showing an increased variation in cell size, membrane permeability, and a corresponding increase in the photosynthetic potential quantum yield of Photosystem II (PSII). A roseobacter (bacteria commonly associated with E. huxleyi) Ruegeria sp. R11, previously shown to produce IAA, was co-cultured with E. huxleyi C and N cells. IAA could not be detected from these co-cultures, and even when stimulated by addition of L-tryptophan, they produced less IAA than axenic C type culture similarly induced. This suggests that IAA plays a novel role signaling between different E. huxleyi cell types, rather than between a bacteria and its algal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leen Labeeuw
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joleen Khey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anna R Bramucci
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Harjot Atwal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - James Harynuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Rebecca J Case
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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