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Zhang C, Sun J, Lyu S, Lu Z, Li T, Yang Y, Li B, Han H, Wu B, Sun H, Li D, Huang J, Sun D. Poly(lactic acid)/artificially cultured diatom frustules nanofibrous membranes with fast and controllable degradation rates for air filtration. ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS 2022; 5:1221-1232. [PMID: 35539508 PMCID: PMC9073818 DOI: 10.1007/s42114-022-00474-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The worldwide pandemic, coronavirus COVID-19, has been posing a serious threat to the global economy and security in last 2 years. The monthly consumption and subsequent discarding of 129 billion masks (equivalent to 645,000 tons) pose a serious detrimental impact on environmental sustainability. In this study, we report a novel type of nanofibrous membranes (NFMs) with supreme filtration performance and controllable degradation rates, which are mainly composed of polylactic acid (PLA) and artificially cultured diatom frustules (DFs). In this way, the filtration efficiency of particular matter (PM) and the pressure drop were significantly improved in the prepared PLA/DFs NFMs as compared with the neat PLA NFM. In specific, with incorporation of 5% DFs into fibers, PM0.3 removal with a filtration efficiency of over 99% and a pressure drop of 109 Pa were achieved with a membrane thickness of only 0.1 mm. Moreover, the yield strength and crystallinity degree of the PLA/DFs5 NFMs were sharply increased from 1.88 Mpa and 26.37% to 2.72 Mpa and 30.02%. Besides those unique characters, the PLA/DFs5 presented excellent degradability, accompanied by the degradation of 38% in 0.01 M sodium hydroxide solution after 7 days and approximately 100% in natural condition after 42 days, respectively. Meanwhile, the environmentally friendly raw materials of the composite polylactic acid and artificially cultured diatom frustules could be extracted from corn-derived biomass and artificially cultivated diatoms, ensuring the conformance to carbon neutrality and promising applications in personal protection. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42114-022-00474-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chentao Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Jiaxun Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Sha Lyu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Zhengyang Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Tao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Ye Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - He Han
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Bangyao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Haoyang Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dandan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Jintao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Dazhi Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055 China
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Insight into diatom frustule structures using various imaging techniques. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14555. [PMID: 34267299 PMCID: PMC8282634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94069-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The diatom shell is an example of complex siliceous structure which is a suitable model to demonstrate the process of digging into the third dimension using modern visualization techniques. This paper demonstrates importance of a comprehensive multi-length scale approach to the bio-structures/materials with the usage of state-of-the-art imaging techniques. Imaging of diatoms applying visible light, electron and X-ray microscopy provide a deeper insight into the morphology of their frustules.
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Mann DG, Trobajo R, Sato S, Li C, Witkowski A, Rimet F, Ashworth MP, Hollands RM, Theriot EC. Ripe for reassessment: A synthesis of available molecular data for the speciose diatom family Bacillariaceae. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2020; 158:106985. [PMID: 33059066 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Bacillariaceae is a very species-rich family of raphid diatoms and includes the large and taxonomically difficult genus Nitzschia, whose species are often small-celled and finely structured and have few discrete morphological characters visible in the light microscope. The classification of Nitzschia is still mostly based on one developed in the second half of the 19th century by Grunow, who separated the genus into a series of sections largely on cell shape and symmetry, the position of the raphe, transverse extension of the fibulae, and folding of the valve. We assembled and analysed single-gene and concatenated alignments of nSSU, nLSU, rbcL, psbC and cox1 to test Grunow's and subsequent classifications and to examine selected morphological characters for their potential to help define monophyletic groups. The maximum likelihood trees were equivocal as to monophyly of the family itself but showed good support for each of eight main clades of Bacillariaceae, three of which corresponded more or less to existing genera (Hantzschia, Cylindrotheca and Bacillaria). The other five main clades and some subclades comprised groups of Nitzschia species or assemblies of Nitzschia species with other genera (Pseudo-nitzschia, Fragilariopsis, Neodenticula, Tryblionella, Psammodictyon). Relationships between most of the eight main clades were not resolved robustly but all analyses recovered Nitzschia as non-monophyletic. The Grunowian classification of Nitzschia into sections was not supported, though in some respects (e.g. treatment of sigmoid species) it is better than subsequent reclassifications. Several of the main clades and subclades are cryptic (lacking morphological synapomorphies) and homoplasy is common in both light microscopical and ultrastructural characters (to the extent that organisms initially assigned to the same species sometimes prove to belong to a different main clade). Nevertheless, some characters, including the structure of the raphe canal and girdle, seem to be sufficiently conservative evolutionarily to give a provisional estimate of relationships if molecular data are unavailable. No new formal classifications are proposed but various options are explored and research needs identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Mann
- Marine and Continental Waters, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Crta de Poble Nou Km 5.5, E-43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalunya, Spain; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK.
| | - Rosa Trobajo
- Marine and Continental Waters, Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology (IRTA), Crta de Poble Nou Km 5.5, E-43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalunya, Spain.
| | - Shinya Sato
- Fukui Prefectural University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Obama, Fukui 917-0003, Japan
| | - Chunlian Li
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, and Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland; Ecological Institute, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, and Natural Sciences Research and Educational Center, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL-70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Frédéric Rimet
- UMR CARRTEL, Savoie Mont-Blanc University, INRAE, 75bis avenue de Corzent, CS50511, F-74203 Thonon-les-Bains, France
| | - Matt P Ashworth
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ruth M Hollands
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (RBGE), Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Edward C Theriot
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Kim SY, Witkowski A, Park JG, Gastineau R, Ashworth MP, Kim BS, Mann DG, Li C, Igersheim A, Płociński T, Yoo YD, Chung SO, Theriot EC. The Taxonomy and Diversity of Proschkinia (Bacillariophyta), A Common But Enigmatic Genus from Marine Coasts. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2020; 56:953-978. [PMID: 32259285 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.12998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detailed morphological documentation is provided for established Proschkinia taxa, including the generitype, P. bulnheimii, and P. complanata, P. complanatula, P. complanatoides and P. hyalosirella, and six new species. All established taxa are characterized from original material from historical collections. The new species described in this paper (P. luticola, P. staurospeciosa, P. impar, P. modesta, P. fistulispectabilis, and P. rosowskii) were isolated from the Western Pacific (Yellow Sea coast of Korea) and the Atlantic (Scottish and Texas coasts). Thorough documentation of the frustule, valve and protoplast architecture revealed the combination of characters diagnostic of the genus Proschkinia: a single-lobed chloroplast; a broad girdle composed of U-shaped, perforated bands; the position of the conopeate raphe-sternum relative to the external and internal valve surface; and the presence of an occluded process through the valve, termed the "fistula". Seven strains of Proschkinia were grown in culture and five of these were sequenced for nuclear ribosomal SSU and plastid-encoded rbcL. Phylogenetic analysis recovered a clade of Proschkinia with Fistulifera, another fistula-bearing diatom genus, and together these were sister to a clade formed of the Stauroneidaceae; in turn, all of these were sister to a clade composed of Parlibellus and two monoraphid genera Astartiella and Schizostauron. Despite morphological similarities between Proschkinia and the Naviculaceae, these two taxa are distant in our analysis. We document the variation in the morphology of Proschkinia, including significant variability in the fistula, suggesting that fistula ultrastructure might be one of the key features for species identification within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Oceanography, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, and Natural Sciences Research and Educational Centre, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL 70-383, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jong-Gyu Park
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Romain Gastineau
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, and Natural Sciences Research and Educational Centre, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, PL 70-383, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Matt P Ashworth
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th St. MS A6700, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Byoung-Seok Kim
- Department of Oceanography, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - David G Mann
- Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR, UK
- Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Catalonia, E-43540, Spain
| | - Chunlian Li
- Institute of Ecological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Anton Igersheim
- Department of Botany, Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomasz Płociński
- Faculty of Material Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yeong-Du Yoo
- Faculty of Marine Applied Biosciences, College of Ocean Science & Technology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Ok Chung
- Tidal Flat Research Centre, Sandannambuk-ro, Institute National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Gunsan, 54001, Republic of Korea
| | - Edward C Theriot
- Department of Integrative Biology, Biological Laboratories, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Witkowski A, Ashworth M, Li C, Sagna I, Yatte D, Górecka E, Franco AOR, Kusber WH, Klein G, Lange-Bertalot H, Dąbek P, Theriot EC, Manning SR. Exploring Diversity, Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Diatoms (Bacillariophyta) from Marine Habitats. Novel Taxa with Internal Costae. Protist 2020; 171:125713. [PMID: 32325416 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2020.125713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In many marine littoral and sublittoral benthic habitats, we find small diatoms with few features resolvable with light microscopy (LM) other than internal costae across their valves. While classically those internal costae have defined their identification and classification, the use of electron microscopy and of molecular data have started to reveal the true diversity of unrelated forms and genera (e.g., Anaulus, Eunotogramma, Hustedtiella, or Plagiogramma) which possess these structures. Here we describe the new genus Ambo, in an attempt to clarify some of the polyphyly of taxa with internal costa by formally transferring Anaulus balticus, Anaulus simonsenii, and Plagiogramma tenuissimum as well as Ambo gallaeciae, described here. Related to this, we attempt to document and characterize the genus Anaulus itself, which was formally described by Ehrenberg with an illustration. A search by LM of mica designated by Ehrenberg as the holotype of Anaulus scalaris, the generitype of Anaulus, failed to recover a specimen which adequately describes the genus to the exclusion of other genera with internal costa. We also present morphological and molecular data for Anaulus creticus and suggest a new genus-Ceratanaulus-to reflect the distinct morphological and molecular characters we documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Matt Ashworth
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th St. MS A6700, Austin, TX 78712, United States.
| | - Chunlian Li
- Ecological Institute, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ibrahima Sagna
- Département de Géologie, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Senegal
| | - Diomaye Yatte
- Département de Géologie, Universite Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar, Senegal
| | - Ewa Górecka
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andréa O R Franco
- Institute of Oceanography, Federal University of Rio Grande, PO Box 474, 96203-900 Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Wolf-Henning Kusber
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 6-8, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgia Klein
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Horst Lange-Bertalot
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Dąbek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Edward C Theriot
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th St. MS C0930, Austin, TX 78712, United States
| | - Schonna R Manning
- UTEX Culture Collection of Algae, Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, 205 W. 24th St. MS A6700, Austin, TX 78712, United States
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3D Diatom-Designed and Selective Laser Melting (SLM) Manufactured Metallic Structures. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19777. [PMID: 31875023 PMCID: PMC6930212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56434-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatom frustules, with their diverse three-dimensional regular silica structures and nano- to micrometer dimensions, represent perfect model systems for biomimetic fabrication of materials and devices. The structure of a frustule of the diatom Didymosphenia geminata was nondestructively visualized using nano X-ray computed tomography (XCT) and transferred into a CAD file for the first time. Subsequently, this CAD file was used as the input for an engineered object, which was manufactured by applying an additive manufacturing technique (3D Selective Laser Melting, SLM) and using titanium powder. The self-similarity of the natural and the engineered objects was verified using nano and micro XCT. The biomimetic approach described in this paper is a proof-of-concept for future developments in the scaling-up of manufacturing based on special properties of microorganisms.
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