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Hassan N, Rashad M, Elleithy E, Sabry Z, Ali G, Elmosalamy S. L-Carnitine alleviates hepatic and renal mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression induced by letrozole in female rats through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP- 3 signaling. Drug Chem Toxicol 2023; 46:357-368. [PMID: 35176959 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2022.2039180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Letrozole (LTZ) is a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor that is commonly used in breast cancer therapy. It has several side effects that might lead to the drug's cessation and data of LTZ's potential adverse effects on the hepatorenal microenvironment was conflicting. In addition, searching for therapeutic interventions that could modulate its adverse effects will be very beneficial. So, this study aims to determine the impact of LTZ on the hepatorenal microenvironment in cyclic female rats with a proposed regulatory role of L-Carnitine (LC) supplementation giving molecular insights into its possible mechanism of action. LTZ (1 mg/kg using 0.5% carboxy methyl cellulose as a vehicle for 21 consecutive days orally) to assess its impact on hepatorenal microenvironment. After treatment with LC (100 mg/kg orally) for 14 days, hepatorenal redox state (lipid peroxides (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase enzyme (CAT)), as well as relative gene expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), cytochrome-c (Cyt c) and caspase-3 (CASP-3) were evaluated. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of CASP-3 in both liver and kidney were done. LTZ altered hepatic and renal functions. Relative gene expression of hepatorenal Nrf-2, Cyt c and CASP-3 as well as redox state revealed significant deterioration. Also, the liver and kidney tissues showed several micromorphological changes and intense reaction to CASP-3 upon immunohistochemical staining. It can be concluded that LC alleviates LTZ induced hepatorenal oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic progression through modulation of Nrf-2, Cyt c, and CASP-3 signaling in female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neven Hassan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Maha Rashad
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Ebtihal Elleithy
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Zainab Sabry
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Ghada Ali
- Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
| | - Sherif Elmosalamy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cario, Egypt
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BOUTAS IOANNIS, KONTOGEORGI ADAMANTIA, KOUFOPOULOS NEKTARIOS, DIMITRAKAKIS CONSTANTINE, DIMAS DIONYSIOS, KALANTARIDOU SOPHIAN, KOROU LASKARINAMARIA, PERREA DESPOINA. Effect of Aromatase Inhibitors on Serum Calprotectin Levels in an Animal Experimental Model: Trial. CANCER DIAGNOSIS & PROGNOSIS 2022; 2:720-730. [PMID: 36340459 PMCID: PMC9628141 DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Utilizing an experimental animal model, we investigated the correlation between aromatase inhibitors (AIs) (anastrozole and letrozole) and Calprotectin levels. AIs have demonstrated superior efficacy when used as adjuvant endocrine therapy or monotherapy for postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor (HR)-positive early-stage breast cancer, although various side effects have been recorded. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five adult female Wistar rats were randomized and assigned into four groups. The control group received no intervention. The other three groups were subjected to ovariectomy, and serum Calprotectin levels were measured at baseline, 2, and 4 months. In addition, glucose, total cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL-) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL-) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein- (HDL-) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured. Histological analysis of liver tissue was carried out following rats' euthanasia. RESULTS Aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole and letrozole) affect calprotectin levels in ovariectomized rats. Calprotectin, a marker of inflammation, was found to be affected by the use of the inhibitors. CONCLUSION The potential of hepatotoxicity can be examined by assessing the elevation of inflammation markers such as Calprotectin, which is an indicator that should be strictly taken into consideration when administering aromatase inhibitors as treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- IOANNIS BOUTAS
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - ADAMANTIA KONTOGEORGI
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - NEKTARIOS KOUFOPOULOS
- Second Pathology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - CONSTANTINE DIMITRAKAKIS
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - SOPHIA N. KALANTARIDOU
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Chaidari, Greece
| | - LASKARINA-MARIA KOROU
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - DESPOINA PERREA
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research “N.S. Christeas”, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
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Cai T, Al-Jubairi NN, Santos HO, de Souza IGO, Chen Y. Does letrozole treatment have favorable effects on the lipid profile? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Steroids 2021; 172:108875. [PMID: 34116112 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
As an aromatase inhibitor, letrozole reduces estrogen levels, affecting lipid indices because of the positive role of estrogens in modulating lipoproteins and lipids. Thus, our aim was to meta-analyze data regarding letrozole administration and its effects on the traditional lipid profile. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were performed based on the PRISMA guidelines. Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed/Medline, and EMBASE databases were searched until February 11, 2021. From 341 potentially relevant publications, 8 RCTs were selected. All studies used 2.5 mg/d of letrozole. Total cholesterol changed significantly by -6.28 mg/dL (95% CI: -8.73, -3.84, P < 0.001) and HDL-C by -4.40 mg/dL (95% CI: -5.30 to -3.50, p < 0.001) in letrozole group when compared to the control group. Taking into account this comparison between groups, in contrast, LDL-C (WMD: -2.50 mg/dL, 95% CI: -9.94, 4.93, p = 0.510) and triglycerides (WMD: -0.89 mg/dL, 95% CI: -6.87 to 5.07, p = 0.768) did not alter. In conclusion, letrozole administration decreased the concentrations of HDL-C and tocal cholesterol, but not of triglycerides and LDL-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Huai'an Medical District, Eastern Theater General Hospital, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province 223001, China
| | | | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ivan G O de Souza
- Universidade Salvador (UNIFACS), Salvador, Bahia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde, Brazil
| | - Youdong Chen
- Department of Medical Service, No. 901 Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, Hefei City, Anhui Province 230001, China.
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Collin A, Vein J, Wittrant Y, Pereira B, Amode R, Guillet C, Richard D, Eschalier A, Balayssac D. A new clinically-relevant rat model of letrozole-induced chronic nociceptive disorders. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 425:115600. [PMID: 34081940 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Among postmenopausal women with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, more than 80% receive hormone therapy including aromatase inhibitors (AIs). Half of them develop chronic arthralgia - characterized by symmetric articular pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, morning stiffness, myalgia and a decrease in grip strength - which is associated with treatment discontinuation. Only a few animal studies have linked AI treatment to nociception, and none to arthralgia. Thus, we developed a new chronic AI-induced nociceptive disorder model mimicking clinical symptoms induced by AIs, using subcutaneous letrozole pellets in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Following plasma letrozole dosage at the end of the experiment (day 73), only rats with at least 90 ng/ml of letrozole were considered significantly exposed to letrozole (OVX + high LTZ group), whereas treated animals with less than 90 ng/ml were pooled in the OVX + low LTZ group. Chronic nociceptive disorder set in rapidly and was maintained for more than 70 days in the OVX + high LTZ group. Furthermore, OVX + high LTZ rats saw no alteration in locomotion, myalgia or experimental anxiety during this period. Bone parameters of the femora were significantly altered in all OVX rats compared to Sham+vehicle pellet. A mechanistic analysis focused on TRPA1, receptor suspected to mediate AI-evoked pain, and showed no modification in its expression in the DRG. This new long-lasting chronic rat model, efficiently reproduces the symptoms of AI-induced nociceptive disorder affecting patients' daily activities and quality-of-life. It should help to study the pathophysiology of this disorder and to promote the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Collin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julie Vein
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Yohann Wittrant
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; INRAE, UMR 1019, UNH, 63122 Saint-Genès Champanelle, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la recherche clinique et de l'innovation, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raalib Amode
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of East Anglia, UK
| | - Christelle Guillet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UMR1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Richard
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et de Toxicologie, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Alain Eschalier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM, U1107, NEURO-DOL, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Balayssac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INSERM U1107, NEURO-DOL, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Direction de la recherche clinique et de l'innovation, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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