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Boutin L, Roger E, Gayat E, Depret F, Blot-Chabaud M, Chadjichristos CE. The role of CD146 in renal disease: from experimental nephropathy to clinics. J Mol Med (Berl) 2024; 102:11-21. [PMID: 37993561 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial dysfunction is a major risk factor in the development of renal diseases. Recent studies pointed out a major interest for the inter-endothelial junction protein CD146, as its expression is modulated during renal injury. Indeed, some complex mechanisms involving this adhesion molecule and its multiple ligands are observed in a large number of renal diseases in fundamental or clinical research. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent literature on the role of CD146 in renal pathophysiology, from experimental nephropathy to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Boutin
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
| | - Elena Roger
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Gayat
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | - François Depret
- FHU PROMICE AP-HP, Saint Louis and DMU Parabol, Critical Care Medicine and Burn Unit, AP-HP, Department of Anesthesiology, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR-942, MASCOT, Cardiovascular Markers in Stress Condition, University Paris Cité, 75010, Paris, France
| | | | - Christos E Chadjichristos
- INSERM, UMR-S1155, Bâtiment Recherche, Tenon Hospital, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, Sorbonne University, 75013, Paris, France.
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Li H, Zhou WY, Liu YX, Xia YY, Xia CL, Pan DR, Li Z, Shi Y, Chen SL, Zhang JX. Rictor maintains endothelial integrity under shear stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:963866. [PMID: 36438564 PMCID: PMC9685313 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.963866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial injury induced by low shear stress (LSS) is an initiating factor in the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and thrombotic diseases. Low shear stress activates the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) signaling pathway. Rictor, the main constituent protein of mTORC2, is involved in vascular development. However, the impact of conditional Rictor ablation on endothelial homeostasis, especially on endothelial-specific markers, such as vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) and von Willebrand factor (VWF), under blood flow stimulation is unclear. Objective: We aimed to investigate whether endothelial Rictor is involved in maintaining vascular endothelial integrity and the potential role of Rictor in atheroprone blood flow-mediated endothelial injury. Methods and results: Immunofluorescence staining showed that endothelial Rictor was successfully knocked out in a mouse model. Scanning electron microscopy (EM) detection revealed disruption of the endothelial monolayer in the thoracic aorta of Rictor-deficient mice. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed that Rictor deletion disrupted endothelial integrity and expanded cell junctions in the left common carotid artery region. In vitro, low shear stress disrupted actin filament polarity and the promoted the translocation of vascular endothelial-cadherin, the key component of adherens junctions (AJs) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. After Rictor downregulation by small interfering RNA, the translocation of vascular endothelial-cadherin and stress fibers increased. Rictor knockdown inhibited low shear stress-induced von Willebrand factor upregulation, and downregulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin decreased low shear stress-induced von Willebrand factor expression. These results suggest that vascular endothelial-cadherin/von Willebrand factor is a possible mechanism mediated by Rictor in the pathological process of low shear stress-induced endothelial injury. Conclusion: Rictor is a key protein that regulates endothelial integrity under vascular physiological homeostasis, and Rictor mediates low shear stress-induced endothelial injury by regulating adherens junctions and von Willebrand factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Ying Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Xian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Yuan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chun-Lei Xia
- Department of Intensive Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dao-Rong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shao-Liang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Xia Zhang, ; Shao-Liang Chen,
| | - Jun-Xia Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Jun-Xia Zhang, ; Shao-Liang Chen,
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Idrisova KF, Zeinalova AK, Masgutova GA, Bogov AA, Allegrucci C, Syromiatnikova VY, Salafutdinov II, Garanina EE, Andreeva DI, Kadyrov AA, Rizvanov AA, Masgutov RF. Application of neurotrophic and proangiogenic factors as therapy after peripheral nervous system injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1240-1247. [PMID: 34782557 PMCID: PMC8643040 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.327329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic ability of peripheral nerves to regenerate after injury is extremely limited, especially in case of severe injury. This often leads to poor motor function and permanent disability. Existing approaches for the treatment of injured nerves do not provide appropriate conditions to support survival and growth of nerve cells. This drawback can be compensated by the use of gene therapy and cell therapy-based drugs that locally provide an increase in the key regulators of nerve growth, including neurotrophic factors and extracellular matrix proteins. Each growth factor plays its own specific angiotrophic or neurotrophic role. Currently, growth factors are widely studied as accelerators of nerve regeneration. Particularly noteworthy is synergy between various growth factors, that is essential for both angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor are widely known for their proangiogenic effects. At the same time, fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor stimulate neural cell growth and play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases of the peripheral nervous system. Taken together, their neurotrophic and angiogenic properties have positive effect on the regeneration process. In this review we provide an in-depth overview of the role of fibroblast growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the regeneration of peripheral nerves, thus demonstrating their neurotherapeutic efficacy in improving neuron survival in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cinzia Allegrucci
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruslan Faridovich Masgutov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Republican Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
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4
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Surya A, Sarinay-Cenik E. Cell autonomous and non-autonomous consequences of deviations in translation machinery on organism growth and the connecting signalling pathways. Open Biol 2022; 12:210308. [PMID: 35472285 PMCID: PMC9042575 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation machinery is responsible for the production of cellular proteins; thus, cells devote the majority of their resources to ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis. Single-copy loss of function in the translation machinery components results in rare ribosomopathy disorders, such as Diamond-Blackfan anaemia in humans and similar developmental defects in various model organisms. Somatic copy number alterations of translation machinery components are also observed in specific tumours. The organism-wide response to haploinsufficient loss-of-function mutations in ribosomal proteins or translation machinery components is complex: variations in translation machinery lead to reduced ribosome biogenesis, protein translation and altered protein homeostasis and cellular signalling pathways. Cells are affected both autonomously and non-autonomously by changes in translation machinery or ribosome biogenesis through cell-cell interactions and secreted hormones. We first briefly introduce the model organisms where mutants or knockdowns of protein synthesis and ribosome biogenesis are characterized. Next, we specifically describe observations in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster, where insufficient protein synthesis in a subset of cells triggers cell non-autonomous growth or apoptosis responses that affect nearby cells and tissues. We then cover the characterized signalling pathways that interact with ribosome biogenesis/protein synthesis machinery with an emphasis on their respective functions during organism development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustian Surya
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Elif Sarinay-Cenik
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Liu C, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Wu W. Clinical observation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combined with minoxidil in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:4053-4059. [PMID: 35037386 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) has been one of the most common progressive hair loss in the world, which affects 80% of white males. To date, only minoxidil and finasteride have been approved by FDA for the treatment of AGA. However, limited therapeutic effect and the toxic adverse events of these drugs limit their applications. Therefore, it is still an urgent clinical problem to find effective therapeutic drugs and medication regimen. OBJECTIVE The goal was to explore the efficacy and side effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) combined with minoxidil in the treatment of male patients with early stage of androgenetic alopecia (AGA). METHODS Using a randomized control method, 80 male patients with androgenetic alopecia in Hamilton grade II-IV were randomly divided into two groups, with 40 patients in each group. The Group A: 1 ml minoxidil for external use twice a day; Group B: 3500 IU basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and 1 ml minoxidil for external use twice a day. The selected patients received global photograph evaluation before treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment, and the curative effect was judged according to the changes in the area and degree of hair loss on the top of the head and anterior parietal area of the patients shown in the photographs before and after treatment. At the same time, each patient had a satisfaction questionnaire survey before treatment, 3 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment. During the research period, the adverse reactions of the patients were recorded. RESULTS After 3 months and 6 months of treatment, the effective rate of the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the patients' hair conditions in the Group B improved significantly compared with those in the Group A. After 6 months of treatment, the difference in treatment satisfaction between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The patients in the Group B were more satisfied than those in Group A. During the patient's medication, no serious adverse reactions occurred in the two groups, and the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with 5% minoxidil alone, the combination of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) +5% minoxidil in the treatment of male patients with early stage of androgenetic alopecia improved treatment efficiency and patient satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, PherriMed Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, PherriMed Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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Bereimipour A, Najafi H, Mirsane ES, Moradi S, Satarian L. Roles of miR-204 in retinal development and maintenance. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112737. [PMID: 34324864 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The retina is the innermost part of the eye of most vertebrates and it is essential for vision. The development, maintenance, and function of this laminated structure is tightly regulated by numerous genes. Deficiencies in the expression of these genes as well as deregulation of various molecular mechanisms can cause retinopathies and blindness. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are one of the most important and effective molecular regulatory mechanisms that underlie the biology of the retina. miRNAs have specific functional roles in the development and maintenance of different retinal layers and retinal cell types. While previous studies have reported a large number of miRNAs linked to development, maintenance and diseases of the retina, no comprehensive study has properly discussed and integrated data from these studies. Given the particular importance of miR-204 in retinal biology, we intend to critically discuss the expression and functional significance of this miRNA in the development, maintenance, and pathologies of the retina. Moreover, we explore biological processes through which miR-204 influences retinal pathophysiology. This review highlights the crucial functions of miR-204 in the retina and suggests the putative mechanism of miR-204 action in retinal biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Bereimipour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Najafi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Sadat Mirsane
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharif Moradi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Leila Satarian
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Trivedi N, Kumar D. Fibroblast growth factor and kidney disease: Updates for emerging novel therapeutics. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:7909-7925. [PMID: 34196395 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) provided a profound new insight into physiological and metabolic functions. FGF has a large family by having divergent structural elements and enable functional divergence and specification. FGF and FGFRs are highly expressed during kidney development. Signals from the ureteric bud regulate morphogenesis, nephrogenesis, and nephron progenitor survival. Thus, FGF signaling plays an important role in kidney progenitor cell aggregation at the sites of new nephron formation. This review will summarize the current knowledge about functions of FGF signaling in kidney development and their ability to promote regeneration in injured kidneys and its use as a biomarker and therapeutic target in kidney diseases. Further studies are essential to determine the predictive significance of the various FGF/FGFR deviations and to integrate them into clinical algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Trivedi
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Devendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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8
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Wang Z, Xu Q, Zhang N, Du X, Xu G, Yan X. CD146, from a melanoma cell adhesion molecule to a signaling receptor. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2020; 5:148. [PMID: 32782280 PMCID: PMC7421905 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CD146 was originally identified as a melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MCAM) and highly expressed in many tumors and endothelial cells. However, the evidence that CD146 acts as an adhesion molecule to mediate a homophilic adhesion through the direct interactions between CD146 and itself is still lacking. Recent evidence revealed that CD146 is not merely an adhesion molecule, but also a cellular surface receptor of miscellaneous ligands, including some growth factors and extracellular matrixes. Through the bidirectional interactions with its ligands, CD146 is actively involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes of cells. Overexpression of CD146 can be observed in most of malignancies and is implicated in nearly every step of the development and progression of cancers, especially vascular and lymphatic metastasis. Thus, immunotherapy against CD146 would provide a promising strategy to inhibit metastasis, which accounts for the majority of cancer-associated deaths. Therefore, to deepen the understanding of CD146, we review the reports describing the newly identified ligands of CD146 and discuss the implications of these findings in establishing novel strategies for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Qingji Xu
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Nengwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary Tumor Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Du
- Departments of Pathology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Guangzhong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Hepatobiliary Tumor Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100038, Beijing, China
| | - Xiyun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China.
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
- Nanozyme Medical Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Seminal Plasma Induces Overexpression of Genes Associated with Embryo Development and Implantation in Day-6 Porcine Blastocysts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103662. [PMID: 32455957 PMCID: PMC7279338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The infusion of boar seminal plasma (SP) before artificial insemination (AI) positively alters the expression of endometrial genes and pathways involved in embryo development. This study aimed to determine which transcriptome changes occur in preimplantation embryos in response to SP infusions during estrus. Postweaning estrus sows received 40-mL intrauterine infusions of either SP (N = 6) or BTS extender (control group; N = 6) 30 min before each of two post-cervical AIs. On Day 6, embryos were surgically collected and analyzed for differential gene expression. Microarray analysis of embryos revealed 210 annotated genes, differentially expressed (p-value < 0.05 and fold change </> 2) in SP-blastocysts, compared to controls. Most of these genes were associated with biological, cellular, metabolic and developmental processes. The pathways enriched among the upregulated genes related to signal transduction, cellular processes and the endocrine system. Among altered genes involved in these pathways, the SP-group showed a conspicuous overexpression of ApoA-I, CDK1, MAPK1, SMAD2, PRKAA1 and RICTOR, with reported key roles in embryo development, implantation, or progression of pregnancy. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that SP infusions prior to AI upregulates the expression of embryo development related genes in Day 6 pig embryos.
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Xie H, Hong N, Zhang E, Li F, Sun K, Yu Y. Identification of Rare Copy Number Variants Associated With Pulmonary Atresia With Ventricular Septal Defect. Front Genet 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 30745907 PMCID: PMC6360179 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Copy number variants (CNVs) are major variations contributing to the gene heterogeneity of congenital heart diseases (CHD). pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PA-VSD) is a rare form of cyanotic CHD characterized by complex manifestations and the genetic determinants underlying PA-VSD are still largely unknown. We investigated rare CNVs in a recruited cohort of 100 unrelated patients with PA-VSD, PA-IVS, or TOF and a population-matched control cohort of 100 healthy children using whole-exome sequencing. Comparing rare CNVs in PA-VSD cases and that in PA-IVS or TOF positive controls, we observed twenty-two rare CNVs only in PA-VSD, five rare CNVs only in PA-VSD and TOF as well as thirteen rare CNVs only in PA-VSD and PA-IVS. Six of these CNVs were considered pathogenic or potentially pathogenic to PA-VSD: 16p11.2 del (PPP4C and TBX6), 5q35.3 del (FLT4), 5p13.1 del (RICTOR), 6p21.33 dup (TNXB), 7p15.2 del (HNRNPA2B1), and 19p13.3 dup (FGF22). The gene networks showed that four putative candidate genes for PA-VSD, PPP4C, FLT4, RICTOR, and FGF22 had strong interaction with well-known cardiac genes relevant to heart or blood vessel development. Meanwhile, the analysis of transcriptome array revealed that PPP4C and RICTOR were also significantly expressed in human embryonic heart. In conclusion, three rare novel CNVs were identified only in PA-VSD: 16p11.2 del (PPP4C), 5q35.3 del (FLT4) and 5p13.1 del (RICTOR), implicating novel candidate genes of interest for PA-VSD. Our study provided new insights into understanding for the pathogenesis of PA-VSD and helped elucidate critical genes for PA-VSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Xie
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanchao Hong
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Erge Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Xin Hua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Tsuji-Tamura K, Ogawa M. Morphology regulation in vascular endothelial cells. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:25. [PMID: 30214642 PMCID: PMC6130072 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphological change in endothelial cells is an initial and crucial step in the process of establishing a functional vascular network. Following or associated with differentiation and proliferation, endothelial cells elongate and assemble into linear cord-like vessels, subsequently forming a perfusable vascular tube. In vivo and in vitro studies have begun to outline the underlying genetic and signaling mechanisms behind endothelial cell morphology regulation. This review focuses on the transcription factors and signaling pathways regulating endothelial cell behavior, involved in morphology, during vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyomi Tsuji-Tamura
- 1Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan.,2Present Address: Oral Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8586 Japan
| | - Minetaro Ogawa
- 1Department of Cell Differentiation, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811 Japan
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12
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Hui Q, Jin Z, Li X, Liu C, Wang X. FGF Family: From Drug Development to Clinical Application. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071875. [PMID: 29949887 PMCID: PMC6073187 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) belongs to a large family of growth factors. FGFs use paracrine or endocrine signaling to mediate a myriad of biological and pathophysiological process, including angiogenesis, wound healing, embryonic development, and metabolism regulation. FGF drugs for the treatment of burn and ulcer wounds are now available. The recent discovery of the crucial roles of the endocrine-acting FGF19 subfamily in maintaining homeostasis of bile acid, glucose, and phosphate further extended the activity profile of this family. Here, the applications of recombinant FGFs for the treatment of wounds, diabetes, hypophosphatemia, the development of FGF receptor inhibitors as anti-neoplastic drugs, and the achievements of basic research and applications of FGFs in China are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Zi Jin
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Xiaokun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Key Laboratory Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Changxiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, 308 Anshan West Road, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
- Key Laboratory Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Chashan University Park, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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13
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Adeno-Associated Viral Vector-Mediated mTOR Inhibition by Short Hairpin RNA Suppresses Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:26-35. [PMID: 28918027 PMCID: PMC5477068 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the defining characteristic feature of the wet subtype of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and may result in irreversible blindness. Based on anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), the current therapeutic approaches to CNV are fraught with difficulties, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has recently been proposed as a possible therapeutic target, although few studies have been conducted. Here, we show that a recombinant adeno-associated virus-delivered mTOR-inhibiting short hairpin RNA (rAAV-mTOR shRNA), which blocks the activity of both mTOR complex 1 and 2, represents a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of CNV. Eight-week-old male C57/B6 mice were treated with the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) after generating CNV lesions in the eyes via laser photocoagulation. The recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) delivery vehicle was able to effectively transduce cells in the inner retina, and significantly fewer inflammatory cells and less extensive CNV were observed in the animals treated with rAAV-mTOR shRNA when compared with control- and rAAV-scrambled shRNA-treated groups. Presumably related to the reduction of CNV, increased autophagy was detected in CNV lesions treated with rAAV-mTOR shRNA, whereas significantly fewer apoptotic cells detected in the outer nuclear layer around the CNV indicate that mTOR inhibition may also have neuroprotective effects. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of mTOR inhibition, resulting from rAAV-mTOR shRNA activity, in the treatment of AMD-related CNV.
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Alfaras I, Di Germanio C, Bernier M, Csiszar A, Ungvari Z, Lakatta EG, de Cabo R. Pharmacological Strategies to Retard Cardiovascular Aging. Circ Res 2017; 118:1626-42. [PMID: 27174954 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.307475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, which are the leading cause of death in the United States. Traditionally, the effort to prevent cardiovascular disease has been focused on addressing the conventional risk factors, including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, and high circulating levels of triglycerides. However, recent preclinical studies have identified new approaches to combat cardiovascular disease. Calorie restriction has been reproducibly shown to prolong lifespan in various experimental model animals. This has led to the development of calorie restriction mimetics and other pharmacological interventions capable to delay age-related diseases. In this review, we will address the mechanistic effects of aging per se on the cardiovascular system and focus on the prolongevity benefits of various therapeutic strategies that support cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Alfaras
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Clara Di Germanio
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Michel Bernier
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Anna Csiszar
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.)
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- From the Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch (I.A., C.D.G., M.B., R.d.C.) and Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science (E.G.L.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy (C.D.G.); and Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK (A.C., Z.U.).
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Gaubitz C, Prouteau M, Kusmider B, Loewith R. TORC2 Structure and Function. Trends Biochem Sci 2016; 41:532-545. [PMID: 27161823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase functions in two multiprotein complexes, TORC1 and TORC2. Although both complexes are evolutionarily conserved, only TORC1 is acutely inhibited by rapamycin. Consequently, only TORC1 signaling is relatively well understood; and, at present, only mammalian TORC1 is a validated drug target, pursued in immunosuppression and oncology. However, the knowledge void surrounding TORC2 is dissipating. Acute inhibition of TORC2 with small molecules is now possible and structural studies of both TORC1 and TORC2 have recently been reported. Here we review these recent advances as well as observations made from tissue-specific mTORC2 knockout mice. Together these studies help define TORC2 structure-function relationships and suggest that mammalian TORC2 may one day also become a bona fide clinical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christl Gaubitz
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manoel Prouteau
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Beata Kusmider
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robbie Loewith
- Department of Molecular Biology, and Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva, Switzerland; National Centre of Competence in Research "Chemical Biology", University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland.
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Up-regulation of FGFBP1 signaling contributes to miR-146a-induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25272. [PMID: 27121396 PMCID: PMC4848533 DOI: 10.1038/srep25272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent microRNA expression profiling studies have documented an up-regulation of miR-146a in several angiogenesis models. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of miR-146a in the angiogenic activity of endothelial cells has not been clearly elucidated. The present study was aimed to evaluate whether miR-146a promotes angiogenesis in HUVECs by increasing FGFBP1 expression via directly targeting CREB3L1. miR-146a was over expressed in HUVECs via lentiviral-miR-146a. Expression profiling analysis found miR-146a over expression resulted in up-regulation of angiogenesis and cytokine activity associated genes including FGF2. Further a combination of bioinformatics and experimental analyses demonstrated the CREB3L1 as a bona fide functional target of miR-146a during angiogenesis. Moreover, CREB3L1 inhibited luciferase expression from FGFBP1 promoter containing only CRE elements. Furthermore, CREB3L1 inhibited FGFBP1 expression by binding to two CRE-like sites located at approximately −1780–1777 and −868–865 bp relative to the FGFBP1 transcription start site. Additionally, ectopic expression of CREB3L1 decreased miR-146a-induced FGF2 secretion. These findings indicate that the miR-146a-CREB3L1-FGFBP1 signaling axis plays an important role in the regulation of angiogenesis in HUVECs and provides a potential therapeutic target for anti-angiogenic therapeutics.
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