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Pathak D, Baksi A, Vasan SS, Dighe RR. Molecular and Functional Characterization of Human Sex-Determining Region on the Y Chromosome Variants Using Protamine 1 Promoter. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:12-25. [PMID: 38170186 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2022.0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The male sex-determining gene, sex-determining region on the Y chromosome (SRY), is expressed in adult testicular germ cells; however, its role in regulating spermatogenesis remains unclear. The role of SRY in the postmeiotic gene expression was investigated by determining the effect of SRY on the promoter of the haploid-specific Protamine 1 (PRM1) gene, which harbors five distinct SRY-binding motifs. In a luciferase reporter assay system, SRY upregulates PRM1 promoter activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Through a gel-shift assay involving a 31-bp DNA fragment encompassing the SRY element within the PRM1 promoter, the third SRY-binding site on the sense strand (-373/-367) was identified as crucial for PRM1 promoter activation. This assay was extended to analyze 9 SRY variants found in the testicular DNA of 44 azoospermia patients. The findings suggest that SRY regulates PRM1 promoter activity by directly binding to its specific motif within the PRM1 promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Pathak
- School of Sciences, Jain (Deemed-to-Be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Arka Baksi
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU-Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - S S Vasan
- Manipal Ankur Fertility, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajan R Dighe
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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2
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Nakagawa Y, Tada A, Kojo K, Tsuchiya H, Kurobe M, Uchida M, Yamasaki K, Iwamoto T, Sato Y. Analysis of the correlation between gene copy deletion in the AZFc region and male infertility in Japanese men. Reprod Biol 2023; 23:100728. [PMID: 36640629 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2022.100728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Deletion of the azoospermia factor c (AZFc), located on the long arm of the Y chromosome, is a cause of male infertility. The structure of the Y chromosome is diversified by the copy number of various genes, such as deleted in azoospermia (DAZ), basic protein Y2, chromodomain Y1, testis-specific transcript Y-linked 4, and Golgi autoantigen golgin subfamily a2 like Y, located in the AZF region. In this study, we investigated the deletion of each gene copy and analyzed its relationship with Japanese male infertility. Deletions of single nucleotide variants of each gene copy in 721 proven fertile men as controls, 139 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), and 56 patients with oligozoospermia (OS) were analyzed via polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Their association with infertility was analyzed using logistic regression analysis adjusted for the Y-chromosome haplogroup, D1a2a. Deletions of DAZ/II in the r1 region and DAZ/V in the r1 and r2 regions showed significant associations with NOA (odds ratio [OR] = 4.15, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 1.18-14.6, P = 0.026; OR = 4.19, 95 % CI = 1.19-14.7, P = 0.025, respectively). They did not show any association with OS. Partial deletion of the AZFc region affects spermatogenesis in Japanese male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kojo
- Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; Department of Urology, University of Tsukuba Hospital, Ibaraki 305-8576, Japan
| | - Haruki Tsuchiya
- Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kurobe
- Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan
| | - Masahiro Uchida
- Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; Urology department, Tsukuba Gakuen Hospital, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Yamasaki
- Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; Urology department, Tsukuba Gakuen Hospital, Ibaraki 305-0854, Japan
| | - Teruaki Iwamoto
- Center for Infertility and IVF, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi 329-2763, Japan; Department of Male Infertility, Reproduction Center, Sanno Hospital, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Youichi Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Information Science, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan.
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3
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Lan KC, Wang HJ, Wang TJ, Lin HJ, Chang YC, Kang HY. Y-chromosome genes associated with sertoli cell-only syndrome identified by array comparative genome hybridization. Biomed J 2022; 46:100524. [PMID: 35358715 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The precise contribution of each chromosome gene or gene family in achieving male fertility is still the subject of debate. Most studies have examined male populations with heterogeneous causes of infertility, and have therefore reached controversial or uncertain conclusions. This study uses Y-chromosome array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) to examine a population of males with a uniform sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) infertility phenotype. METHODS Initial analysis of gene copy number variations in 8 SCOS patients, with determination of the log-ratio of probe signal intensity against a DNA reference, was performed using the Y-chromosome NimbleGen aCGH. To confirm the role of candidate genes, real-time quantitative RT-PCR was used to compare 19 patients who had SCOS non-obstructive azoospermia with 15 patients who had obstructive azoospermia but normal spermatogenesis. RESULTS Our initial aCGH experiments identified CDY1a and CDY1b double deletions in all 8 patients who had total germ cell depletion. However, 5 patients had DAZ1/2 and DAZ3/4 deletions, 1 patient had a DAZ2 and DAZ3/4 deletion, and 2 patients had no DAZ1/2 or DAZ3/4 deletions. Examination of testicular mRNA expression in another 19 patients with SCOS indicated all patients had no detectable levels of CDY1. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that CDY1 deletion in SCOS patients, and analysis of the expression of DAZ and CDY1 genes using aCGH and quantitative RT-PCR, may be useful to predict the presence of mature spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Chung Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jen-Ai Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Hung-Jen Wang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Jou Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Jung Lin
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chiao Chang
- Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Menopause and Reproductive Medicine Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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4
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Wu X, Lin D, Sun F, Cheng CY. Male Infertility in Humans: An Update on Non-obstructive Azoospermia (NOA) and Obstructive Azoospermia (OA). ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1288:161-173. [PMID: 34453736 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77779-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and obstructive azoospermia (OA) are two common causes of infertility that affect a considerable number of men. However, few studies were performed to understand the molecular etiology of these disorders. Studies based on bioinformatics and genetic analyses in recent years, however, have yielded insightful information and have identified a number of genes that are involved in these disorders. In this review, we briefly summarize and evaluate these findings. We also discuss findings based on epigenetic modifications of sperm DNAs that affect a number of genes pertinent to NOA and OA. The information summarized in this Chapter should be helpful to investigators in future functional studies of NOA and OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengfeng Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - C Yan Cheng
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital (SRRSH), Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Liu X, Zhang H, Yu Y, Fei J, Jiang Y, Liu R, Wang R, Zhang G. Deletion of b1/b3 shows risk for expanse of Yq microdeletion in male offspring: Case report of novel Y chromosome variations. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22124. [PMID: 32925763 PMCID: PMC7489624 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE This study aimed to report 1 family case with novel Y chromosome structural variations by an established next-generation sequencing (NGS) method using unique STSs. PATIENT CONCERNS The case studied was from a family with a father and son (the proband). G-band staining was used for karyotype analysis. Y chromosome microdeletions were detected by sequence-tagged site (STS)-PCR analysis and a new NGS screening strategy. DIAGNOSES Semen analysis showed that the proband was azoospermic. The patient had an abnormal karyotype (45,X[48%]/46,XY[52%]). His father exhibited a normal karyotype. STS-PCR analysis showed that the proband had a deletion of the AZFb+c region, and his father had no deletion of STS markers examined. The sequencing method revealed that the patient had DNA sequence deletions from nt 20099846 to nt 28365090 (8.3 Mb), including the region from yel4 to the Yq terminal, and his father exhibited a deletion of b1/b3 and duplication of gr/gr. INTERVENTIONS The proband was advised to undergo genetic counseling, and consider the use of sperm from a sperm bank or adoption to become a father. OUTCOMES The proband was azoospermic. AZFc partial deletions may produce a potential risk for large AZFb+c deletions or abnormal karyotypes causing spermatogenic failure in men. LESSONS The NGS method can be considered a clinical diagnostic tool to detect Y chromosome microdeletions. The partial AZFc deletions and/or duplications can be a risk of extensive deletions in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Hongguo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Jia Fei
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
| | - Yuting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Ruizhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Ruixue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center of Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Peking Medriv Academy of Genetics and Reproduction, Peking, China
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Brown MS, Evans BS, Afonso LOB. Discordance for genotypic sex in phenotypic female Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is related to a reduced sdY copy number. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9651. [PMID: 32541863 PMCID: PMC7296011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66406-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The master sex determinant in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sexually dimorphic on the Y chromosome (sdY), is strongly but not perfectly associated with male phenotype in several other species from the family Salmonidae. Currently, the cause and implications of discordance for sdY-predicted genotypic sex and phenotypic sex in these species is unclear. Using an established multiplex PCR test for exons 2 and 3 of sdY, we demonstrated that sdY-predicted genotypic sex was discordant with histologically evidenced phenotypic sex in 4% of 176 Tasmanian Atlantic salmon. All discordant individuals were phenotypic females presenting a male genotype. Using real-time qPCR assays that we developed and validated for exons 2, 3 and 4 of sdY, all genotype-phenotype discordant females were confirmed to possess sdY, albeit at a reduced number of copies when compared to phenotypic males. The real-time qPCR assays also demonstrated reduced levels of sdY in 30% of phenotypic females that the established multiplex PCR-based test indicated to be devoid of sdY. These findings suggest sdY may be reduced in copy number or mosaicked in the genomic DNA of sdY-positive phenotypic female Atlantic salmon and highlight the importance of understanding the effects of reduced sdY copies on the development of phenotypic sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Brown
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Warrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria, 3280, Australia
| | - Brad S Evans
- Breeding & Research, Tassal Operations, Hobart, Tasmania, 7000, Australia
| | - Luis O B Afonso
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University Warrnambool Campus, Warrnambool, Victoria, 3280, Australia.
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7
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The Role of Number of Copies, Structure, Behavior and Copy Number Variations (CNV) of the Y Chromosome in Male Infertility. Genes (Basel) 2019; 11:genes11010040. [PMID: 31905733 PMCID: PMC7016774 DOI: 10.3390/genes11010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines infertility as the inability of a sexually active, non-contracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy within one year. Statistics show that the two sexes are equally at risk. Several causes may be responsible for male infertility; however, in 30–40% of cases a diagnosis of idiopathic male infertility is made in men with normal urogenital anatomy, no history of familial fertility-related diseases and a normal panel of values as for endocrine, genetic and biochemical markers. Idiopathic male infertility may be the result of gene/environment interactions, genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. Numerical and structural anomalies of the Y chromosome represent a minor yet significant proportion and are the topic discussed in this review. We searched the PubMed database and major search engines for reports about Y-linked male infertility. We present cases of Y-linked male infertility in terms of (i) anomalies of the Y chromosome structure/number; (ii) Y chromosome misbehavior in a normal genetic background; (iii) Y chromosome copy number variations (CNVs). We discuss possible explanations of male infertility caused by mutations, lower or higher number of copies of otherwise wild type, Y-linked sequences. Despite Y chromosome structural anomalies are not a major cause of male infertility, in case of negative results and of normal DNA sequencing of the ascertained genes causing infertility and mapping on this chromosome, we recommend an analysis of the karyotype integrity in all cases of idiopathic fertility impairment, with an emphasis on the structure and number of this chromosome.
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8
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Araujo TF, Friedrich C, Grangeiro CHP, Martelli LR, Grzesiuk JD, Emich J, Wyrwoll MJ, Kliesch S, Simões AL, Tüttelmann F. Sequence analysis of 37 candidate genes for male infertility: challenges in variant assessment and validating genes. Andrology 2019; 8:434-441. [PMID: 31479588 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The routine genetic analysis for diagnosing male infertility has not changed over the last twenty years, and currently available tests can only determine the etiology of 4% of unselected infertile patients. Thus, to create new diagnostic assays, we must better understand the molecular and genetic mechanisms of male infertility. Although next-generation sequencing allows for simultaneous analysis of hundreds of genes and the discovery of novel candidates related to male infertility, so far only a few gene candidates have enough sound evidence to support the gene-disease relationship. OBJECTIVE Since complementary studies are required to validate genes, we aimed to analyze the presence of potentially pathogenic rare variants in a set of candidate genes related to azoospermia in a hitherto understudied South American population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing in a group of 16 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia from Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Based on a recent systematic review of monogenic causes of male infertility, we selected a set of 37 genes related to azoospermia, Sertoli-Cell-Only histology, and spermatogenic arrest to analyze. The identified variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and their functional consequence was predicted by in silico programs. RESULTS We identified potential pathogenic variants in seven genes in six patients. Two variants, c.671A>G (p.(Asn224Ser)) in DMRT1 and c.91C>T (p.(Arg31Cys)) in REC8, have already been described in association with azoospermia. We also found new variants in genes that already have moderate evidence of being linked to spermatogenic failure (TEX15, KLHL10), in genes with limited evidence (DNMT3B, TEX14) and in one novel promising candidate gene that has no evidence so far (SYCE1L). DISCUSSION Although this study included a small number of patients, the process of rationally selecting genes allowed us to detect rare potentially pathogenic variants, providing supporting evidence for validating candidate genes associated with azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Araujo
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - C Friedrich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C H P Grangeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L R Martelli
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J D Grzesiuk
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Emich
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - M J Wyrwoll
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Kliesch
- Centre of Reproductive Medicine and Andrology, Department of Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - A L Simões
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - F Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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9
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Pan Y, Li LL, Yu Y, Jiang YT, Yang X, Zhang HG, Liu RZ, Wang RX. Natural Transmission of b2/b3 Subdeletion or Duplication to Expanded Y Chromosome Microdeletions. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:6559-6563. [PMID: 30226219 PMCID: PMC6157087 DOI: 10.12659/msm.911644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Y chromosome microdeletions are usually de novo mutations, but in several cases, transmission from fertile fathers to infertile sons has been reported. Material/Methods We report 3 cases of infertile patients who inherited expanded Y chromosome microdeletions from their fathers, who carried b2/b3 subdeletion or duplication. The karyotype was analyzed using G-banding. High-throughput sequencing was used to detect AZF region microdeletions. Results Cytogenetic analysis showed a normal karyotype 46,XY in patient 1 (P1), patient 2 (P2), and their fathers (F1 and F2). Patient 3 (P3) and his father (F3) presented a karyotype of 46,XY,Yqh-. High-throughput sequencing for the AZF disclosed an identical b2/b3 subdeletion in the F1 and F2. P1 had an AZFc deletion that accounted for 3.5 Mb, and P2 had an AZFa+b+c microdeletion that accounted for 10.5 Mb. F3 had a b2/b3 duplication of 1.8Mb, but P3 had an AZFb+c deletion of 6.2 Mb. Conclusions Our findings suggest that b2/b3 partial deletion or duplication can lead to structural instability in the Y chromosome and be a risk factor of complete deletion of AZFc or more expanded deletion during transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Lei-Lei Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Yu-Ting Jiang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Hong-Guo Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
| | - Rui-Xue Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland).,Jilin Engineering Research Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China (mainland)
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10
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Liu XY, Zhang HY, Pang DX, Xue LT, Yang X, Li YS, Liu RZ. AZFa Microdeletions: Occurrence in Chinese Infertile Men and Novel Deletions Revealed by Semiconductor Sequencing. Urology 2017; 107:76-81. [PMID: 28456540 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency of azoospermia factor (AZFa) microdeletions among infertile men and establish a new high-throughput sequencing method to detect novel deletion types. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 3731 infertile men were included. Karyotype analysis was performed using G-band staining of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using specific sequence-tagged sites (STS) was performed to screen for AZF region microdeletions of the Y chromosome. A novel semiconductor sequencing method was established to detect high-resolution AZFa microdeletions. RESULTS Of 3731 infertile men, 341 (9.14%) had microdeletions in AZFa, AZFb, or AZFc. Thirteen of these (3.81%) had a deletion in the AZFa region (mean age: 27.3 ± 4 years, range: 22-34), which included 12 subjects with a normal karyotype (46, XY) and 1 with Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY). Four of 10 subjects with complete AZFa microdeletions (sY86 and sY84 loss) underwent semiconductor sequencing. They all had DNA sequence deletions from nt 14469266 to 15195932, whereas their fathers had no deletions. One subject with partial AZFa microdeletion (sY86 loss) and his father underwent semiconductor sequencing and STS-PCR analysis. The same deletion (sY86 loss with DNA sequence deletion from nt 14469266 to 14607672) was identified in both subjects. Forty sperm donators and 50 infertile men showed no AZFa microdeletions by either method. CONCLUSION AZFa deletions are present at a low frequency in men with azoospermia or oligozoospermia. Novel sequencing methods can be used for these patients to reveal high-resolution AZFa microdeletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Da-Xin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin-Tao Xue
- Reproductive Medical and Genetic Center, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Li
- Peking Jabrehoo Med Tech., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Rui-Zhi Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Human Y chromosome copy number variation in the next generation sequencing era and beyond. Hum Genet 2017; 136:591-603. [PMID: 28378101 PMCID: PMC5418319 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1788-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The human Y chromosome provides a fertile ground for structural rearrangements owing to its haploidy and high content of repeated sequences. The methodologies used for copy number variation (CNV) studies have developed over the years. Low-throughput techniques based on direct observation of rearrangements were developed early on, and are still used, often to complement array-based or sequencing approaches which have limited power in regions with high repeat content and specifically in the presence of long, identical repeats, such as those found in human sex chromosomes. Some specific rearrangements have been investigated for decades; because of their effects on fertility, or their outstanding evolutionary features, the interest in these has not diminished. However, following the flourishing of large-scale genomics, several studies have investigated CNVs across the whole chromosome. These studies sometimes employ data generated within large genomic projects such as the DDD study or the 1000 Genomes Project, and often survey large samples of healthy individuals without any prior selection. Novel technologies based on sequencing long molecules and combinations of technologies, promise to stimulate the study of Y-CNVs in the immediate future.
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