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Francis R, Kalyanaraman R, Boominathan V, Parthasarathy S, Chavaan A, Ansari IA, Ansari SA, Alkahtani HM, Chandran J, Tharumasivam SV. Piperine's potential in treating polycystic ovarian syndrome explored through in-silico docking. Sci Rep 2024; 14:21834. [PMID: 39294254 PMCID: PMC11411113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-72800-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a multifaceted metabolic and hormonal condition that impacts women in their procreative ages, identified by ovarian dysfunction, hyperandrogenaemia overweight and insulin insensitivity. The piperine, an important alkaloid compound of black pepper has shown promise in modulating various physiological processes. In this work, employed computational docking studies to explore the potential of piperine as a treatment for PCOS. Utilizing computational methods, we analyzed the binding interactions between piperine and key molecular targets implicated in PCOS pathogenesis, including hyperandrogenism, and "oligomenorrhea. The network pharmacology analysis report found 988 PCOS-related genes, 108 hyperandrogenism-related genes, and 377 oligomenorrhea-related genes, and we finally shortlisted 5 common genes in PCOS, hyperandrogenism, and "oligomenorrhea": NR3C1, PPARG, FOS, CYP17A1, and H6PD. Our results reveal favorable binding affinities with PPARG (-8.34 Kcal/mol) and H6PD (-8.70 Kcal/mol) and interaction patterns, suggesting the potential of piperine to modulate these targets. Moreover, the reliability of the piperine-target interactions was revealed by molecular simulations studies. These findings support further experimental investigations to validate the therapeutic efficacy of piperine in PCOS management. The integration of computational approaches with experimental studies has the potential to lay the groundwork for the creation of new therapies specifically targeting PCOS and related endocrine disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Francis
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramanathan Kalyanaraman
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vasuki Boominathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ashajyothi Chavaan
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, Vijayanagar Sri Krishnadevarya University, Ballari, Karnataka, 583-105, India
| | - Irfan Aamer Ansari
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, 10125, Turin, Italy
| | - Siddique Akber Ansari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamad M Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O Box 2457, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Janani Chandran
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Siva Vijayakumar Tharumasivam
- Department of Biotechnology, Srimad Andavan Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India.
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan University, Samayapuram, Trichy, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Tong X, Hu Z, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Zhang YL, Zhang S, Jin J. Testosterone-Induced H3K27 Deacetylation Participates in Granulosa Cell Proliferation Suppression and Pathogenesis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00331-6. [PMID: 39243944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the leading cause of infertility in reproductive-age women. Hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation are its typical clinical features. However, the correlation between hyperandrogenism and ovarian follicle growth aberrations remains undisclosed. To advance our understanding of the molecular alterations in ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) with excessive androgen, epigenetic changes and affected gene expression in human granulosa-lutein cells and immortalized human GCs were evaluated. A PCOS mouse model induced by dihydrotestosterone was also established. This study found excessive testosterone significantly decreased the acetylation of lysine 27 on histone H3 (H3K27ac). H3K27ac chromatin immunoprecipitation- sequencing data showed down-regulated expression of cell cycle-related genes (CCND1/CCND3/PCNA), which was confirmed by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. Testosterone application impeding cell proliferation was also proved by Ki-67 immunofluorescence and flow-cytometric analysis. Moreover, testosterone influenced CK2α nuclear translocation, which increased the phosphorylation level of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2). Inhibition of CK2α nuclear translocation or silenced HDAC2 expression efficiently retarded H3K27 acetylation. Meanwhile, PCOS mouse model experiments also demonstrated decreased H3K27ac and enhanced HDAC2 phosphorylation in GCs. Cell proliferation-related genes were also down-regulated in PCOS mouse GCs. In conclusion, hyperandrogenism in human and mouse GCs caused H3K27Ac aberrations, which are associated with CK2α nuclear translocation and HDAC2 phosphorylation, participating in abnormal follicle development in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Tong
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Hu
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanjing Zhou
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yingyi Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Li Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Songying Zhang
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Jin
- Assisted Reproduction Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, China.
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Tan J, Liu PP, Cao LY, Zou Y, Zhang ZY, Huang JL, Zhang ZQ, Xu DF, Fan L, Xia LZ, Xie Q, Tian LF, Xin CL, Li ZM, Wu QF. Reduced PATL2 Impairs the Proliferation of Ovarian Granulosa Cells by Decreasing ADM2 Expression in Patients with PCOS. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:1034-1044. [PMID: 38087182 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
It is recognized that PCOS patients are often accompanied with aberrant follicular development, which is an important factor leading to infertility in patients. However, the relevant regulatory mechanisms of abnormal follicular development are not well understood. In the present study, by collecting human ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) from PCOS patients who underwent in vitro fertilization (IVF), we found that the proliferation ability of GCs in PCOS patients was significantly reduced. Surprisingly, PATL2 and adrenomedullin 2 (ADM2) were obviously decreased in the GCs of PCOS patients. To further explore the potential roles of PATL2 and ADM2 on GC, we transfected PATL2 siRNA into KGN cells to knock down the expression of PATL2. The results showed that the growth of GCs remarkably repressed after knocking down the PATL2, and ADM2 expression was also weakened. Subsequently, to study the relationship between PATL2 and ADM2, we constructed PATL2 mutant plasmid lacking the PAT construct and transfected it into KGN cells. The cells showed the normal PATL2 expression, but attenuated ADM2 expression and impaired proliferative ability of GCs. Finally, the rat PCOS model experiments further confirmed our findings in KGN cells. In conclusion, our study suggests that PATL2 promoted the proliferation of ovarian GCs by stabilizing the expression of ADM2 through "PAT" structure, which is beneficial to follicular development, whereas, in the ovary with polycystic lesions, reduction of PATL2 could result in the decreased expression of ADM2, subsequently weakened the proliferation ability of GCs and finally led to the occurrence of aberrant follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Tan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Pei-Pei Liu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Yun Cao
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yang Zou
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zi-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jia-Lyu Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zhi-Qin Zhang
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Fei Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lei-Zhen Xia
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qi Xie
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Xinyu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Xinyu, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Li-Feng Tian
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cai-Lin Xin
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Li
- JXHC Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Qiong-Fang Wu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, No. 318, Bayi Avenue, Donghu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Namlı Kalem M, Anadol E, Kalem Z, Sezginer PY, Elmas C, Yılmaz C, Bakirarar B. A rat study on the PTEN expression in ovarian tissue in PCOS and folliculogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20774. [PMID: 38008769 PMCID: PMC10679187 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47809-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to examine alterations in PTEN expression within ovarian tissue in a rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The analysis also encompassed the examination of PTEN alterations in the ovarian tissue throughout the process of folliculogenesis in rats with normal ovulatory cycles. The study involved 12 adult female Sprague‒Dawley rats randomly assigned to the letrozole-induced polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) group as part of an animal-based research endeavour. The sections derived from the ovaries were subjected to immunohistochemical staining for PTEN. The evaluation of PTEN staining levels in ovarian tissues was conducted using electron microscopy. Follicle counts, as well as hormonal and biochemical analyses (serum luteinising hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), testosterone, oestradiol levels and serum glucose, triglyceride, HDL and LDL-cholesterol levels), were conducted to provide evidence of the manifestation of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in rats. The number of primordial and Graafian follicles in the PCOS group decreased significantly, and the number of primary, secondary and antral follicles increased significantly. PTEN expression was found to be significantly higher in the PCOS group than in the control group in the primordial follicle oocyte cytoplasm, primordial follicle granulosa cells, primary follicle oocyte cytoplasm, primary follicle granulosa cells, antral follicle oocyte cytoplasm, antral follicle granulosa cells, and corpus luteum (p = 0.007, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.018, respectively). In the non-PCOS group, a time-dependent comparison of the amount of oocyte cytoplasm and PTEN staining in granulosa cells of the oocytes at different stages of development was performed. While the follicles were developing from the primordial follicle to the primary and antral follicle, the amount of PTEN staining in the oocyte cytoplasm decreased, whereas the PTEN activity in the granulosa cells increased as the oocyte developed (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). The current investigation demonstrated changes in PTEN expression in ovarian tissue throughout the course of normal folliculogenesis, as well as in instances of disrupted folliculogenesis, with a focus on rats with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elvan Anadol
- Laboratory Animal Breeding and Experimental Researches Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ziya Kalem
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Cigdem Elmas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Gazi University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Canan Yılmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Tsai YR, Liao YN, Kang HY. Current Advances in Cellular Approaches for Pathophysiology and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:2189. [PMID: 37681921 PMCID: PMC10487183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent gynecological and endocrine disorder that results in irregular menstruation, incomplete follicular development, disrupted ovulation, and reduced fertility rates among affected women of reproductive age. While these symptoms can be managed through appropriate medication and lifestyle interventions, both etiology and treatment options remain limited. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest advancements in cellular approaches utilized for investigating the pathophysiology of PCOS through in vitro cell models, to avoid the confounding systemic effects such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) therapy. The primary objective is to enhance the understanding of abnormalities in PCOS-associated folliculogenesis, particularly focusing on the aberrant roles of granulosa cells and other relevant cell types. Furthermore, this article encompasses analyses of the mechanisms and signaling pathways, microRNA expression and target genes altered in PCOS, and explores the pharmacological approaches considered as potential treatments. By summarizing the aforementioned key findings, this article not only allows us to appreciate the value of using in vitro cell models, but also provides guidance for selecting suitable research models to facilitate the identification of potential treatments and understand the pathophysiology of PCOS at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- An-Ten Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Kaohsiung City 802, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Nung Liao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Yo Kang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Center for Hormone and Reproductive Medicine Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City 833, Taiwan
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Shamsi M, Ganji A, Mosayebi G, Amirhoseiny ES, Shohani S, Ghazavi A. Chamomile and Urtica dioica extracts improve immunological and histological alterations associated with polycystic ovarian syndrome in DHEA -induced mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:102. [PMID: 37013510 PMCID: PMC10069098 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03936-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is low-grade chronic inflammation. Chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) and Nettle (Urtica dioica), with phytoestrogenic and antioxidant properties, are traditionally used to treat gynecological diseases. This study investigated the immune-modulating effects of these two plants. METHODS Following the induction of PCOS by subcutaneous injection (SC) of Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in BALB / C mice. Mice were treated in five groups: Sham, PCOS, PCOS + Chamomile, PCOS + Nettle, and PCOS + Chamomile and Nettle for 21 days. Ovarian morphology, blood antioxidant capacity, the abundance of Treg cells, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß), cyclooxygenase-2 genes (COX-2), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured. RESULTS Folliculogenesis, Cystic follicles, and corpus luteum improved in the treatment groups (P < 0. 05). Treg cells in the DHEA group were significantly reduced compared to the Sham group (P < 0. 01). However, this decrease was not corrected in treatment groups (P > 0. 05). Total serum antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the treatment group of Nettle and Chamomile + Nettle (P < 0. 05). The expression of MMP9 and TGFβ genes in the PCOS group was significantly higher than the Sham group (P < 0. 05), which the expression of MMP9 was corrected by treatment with Chamomile + Nettle extract (P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION Chamomile and Nettle extract may be an effective supplement in improving the histological and immunological changes of PCOS. However, more research is needed to confirm its effectiveness in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shamsi
- MSc in Histology and Embryology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ghasem Mosayebi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ensieh Seif Amirhoseiny
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Sepideh Shohani
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazavi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center (TCMRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
- Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC), Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
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Abedal-Majed MA, Abuajamieh M, Al-Qaisi M, Sargent KM, Titi HH, Alnimer MA, Abdelqader A, Shamoun AI, Cupp AS. Sheep with ovarian androgen excess have fibrosis and follicular arrest with increased mRNA abundance for steroidogenic enzymes and gonadotropin receptors. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad082. [PMID: 37061806 PMCID: PMC10184696 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An androgen excess ovarian micro-environment may limit follicle progression in sheep. Two populations of ewes with divergent follicular fluid androstenedione (A4) were identified in a flock in Jordan: High A4; (A4) ≥ 30 ng/mL, (N = 12) or Control A4 (Control); A4 ≤ 15 ng/mL; (N = 12). We hypothesized High A4 ewes would have increased steroidogenic enzyme mRNA abundance, inflammation, and follicular arrest. Messenger RNA abundance for steroidogenic enzymes StAR, CYP17A1, CYP11A1, and HSD3B1 were increased in theca cells while CYP17A1, CYP19A1, and HSD3B1 were increased in granulosa cells in High A4 ewes compared to Control. Gonadotropin receptor mRNA expression for LHCGR was increased in theca and FSHR in granulosa in High A4 ewes. Messenger RNA expression of FOS when reduced, increases expression of CYP17A1 which was observed in High A4 granulosa cells compared to Control. Furthermore, High A4 ewes had greater numbers of primordial follicles (P < 0.001) and fewer developing follicles compared to Control before, and after 7 d of culture, indicating follicular arrest was not alleviated by cortex culture. Increased fibrosis in the ovarian cortex was detected in High A4 ewes relative to Control (P < 0.001) suggesting increased inflammation and altered extracellular matrix deposition. Thus, this High A4 ewes population has similar characteristics to High A4 cows and women with polycystic ovary syndrome suggesting that naturally occurring androgen excess occurs in multiple species and may be a causative factor in follicular arrest and subsequent female sub- or infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohannad Abuajamieh
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohmmad Al-Qaisi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Kevin M Sargent
- Department of Agriculture, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, MO 63701, USA
| | - Hosam H Titi
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mufeed A Alnimer
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Anas Abdelqader
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Ahmad I Shamoun
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Andrea S Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln (UNL), Nebraska 68583, USA
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Kelley JT, McMullen-Tabry ER, Skala SL. Reproductive Organ Pathology of Individuals Undergoing Gender-Affirming Surgery. Surg Pathol Clin 2022; 15:421-434. [PMID: 35715169 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2022.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As gender-affirming surgeries become more routine, it is increasingly important for pathologists to recognize the expected histologic changes seen in various tissues secondary to gender-affirming hormone therapy. For example, exogenous testosterone-related squamous atrophy or transitional cell metaplasia of the cervix may be confused for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. In addition to distinguishing between benign and dysplastic/malignant features, pathologists should be mindful of the phrasing of their reports and aim to use objective, nongendered language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin T Kelley
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily R McMullen-Tabry
- Department of Pathology, Grand Traverse Pathology, PLLC, 1105 6th Street, Traverse City, MI 49684, USA
| | - Stephanie L Skala
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Brinca AT, Ramalhinho AC, Sousa Â, Oliani AH, Breitenfeld L, Passarinha LA, Gallardo E. Follicular Fluid: A Powerful Tool for the Understanding and Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1254. [PMID: 35740276 PMCID: PMC9219683 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) represents one of the leading causes of anovulatory infertility and affects 5% to 20% of women worldwide. Until today, both the subsequent etiology and pathophysiology of PCOS remain unclear, and patients with PCOS that undergo assisted reproductive techniques (ART) might present a poor to exaggerated response, low oocyte quality, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, as well as changes in the follicular fluid metabolites pattern. These abnormalities originate a decrease of Metaphase II (MII) oocytes and decreased rates for fertilization, cleavage, implantation, blastocyst conversion, poor egg to follicle ratio, and increased miscarriages. Focus on obtaining high-quality embryos has been taken into more consideration over the years. Nowadays, the use of metabolomic analysis in the quantification of proteins and peptides in biological matrices might predict, with more accuracy, the success in assisted reproductive technology. In this article, we review the use of human follicular fluid as the matrix in metabolomic analysis for diagnostic and ART predictor of success for PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Brinca
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
| | - Ana Cristina Ramalhinho
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal;
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ângela Sousa
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
| | - António Hélio Oliani
- Assisted Reproduction Laboratory of Academic Hospital of Cova da Beira, 6200-251 Covilhã, Portugal;
- São José do Rio Preto School of Medicine, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, São José do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Luiza Breitenfeld
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- C4-Cloud Computing Competence Centre, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- UCIBIO–Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departament of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (A.T.B.); (Â.S.); (L.B.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, University of Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
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10
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Luo X, Xu J, Zhao R, Qin J, Wang X, Yan Y, Wang LJ, Wang G, Yang X. The Role of Inactivated NF-κB in Premature Ovarian Failure. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 192:468-483. [PMID: 34971586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure (POF) is defined as deployment of amenorrhea due to the cessation of ovarian function in a woman younger than 40 years old. The pathologic mechanism of POF is not yet well understood, although genetic aberrations, autoimmune damage, and environmental factors have been identified. The current study demonstrated that NF-κB inactivation is closely associated with the development of POF based on the data from literature and cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan)-induced POF mouse model. In the successfully established NF-κB-inactivated mouse model, the results showed the reduced expression of nuclear p65 and the increased expression of IκBα in ovarian granulosa cells; the reduced numbers of antral follicles; the reduction of Ki-67/proliferating cell nuclear antigen-labeled cell proliferation and enhanced Fas/FasL-dependent apoptosis in granulosa cells; the reduced level of E2 and anti-Müllerian hormone; the decreased expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 (CYP19A1) in granulosa cells, which was reversed in the context of blocking NF-κB signaling with BAY 11-7082; and the decreased expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor 6, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 in granulosa cells. Dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that p50 stimulated the transcription of GRP78, and NF-κB affected the expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor and promoted granulosa cell proliferation through GRP78-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Taken together, these data indicate, for the first time, that the inactivation of NF-κB signaling plays an important role in POF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xu
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Qin
- Gynecology, Chinese Medicine College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Yan
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Jing Wang
- Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism and Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xuesong Yang
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Metabolism and Reproduction Joint Laboratory, Division of Histology and Embryology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Zhou Z, Tu Z, Zhang J, Tan C, Shen X, Wan B, Li Y, Wang A, Zhao L, Hu J, Ma N, Zhou J, Chen L, Song Y, Lu W. Follicular Fluid-Derived Exosomal MicroRNA-18b-5p Regulates PTEN-Mediated PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Development. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:2520-2531. [PMID: 35092573 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Small RNA sequences in follicular fluid (FF)-derived exosomes (extracellular vesicles contain proteins, DNA, and RNA) vitally function in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It has been identified that microRNA (miR)-18b-5p is one of miRs that differ between control and PCOS women that passed the false discovery rate, and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is an important modifier of biological functions of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) in PCOS. However, whether miR-18b-5p could functionally mediate the progression of PCOS via PTEN was not clarified completely, which was the issue we wanted to solve in our research. FF-derived exosomes were isolated using an extraction kit. KGN cells were co-cultured with miR-18b-5p-modified exosomes or transfected with a PTEN-related vector. After treatment, cell proliferation and apoptosis were observed. A rat model of PCOS was established by letrozole and then injected with miR-18b-5p-modified exosomes. Then, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), testosterone, and estradiol (E2) levels in PCOS rats were measured. miR-18b-5p, PTEN, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinases/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) pathway-related genes were tested. In PCOS patients, miR-18b-5p was downregulated, and PTEN was highly expressed in FF and GCs. PTEN knockdown increased KGN cell proliferation and limited apoptosis. FF-derived exosomes stimulated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of KGN cells; decreased FSH, LH, and testosterone; and increased E2 in PCOS rats. Upregulating miR-18b-5p further enhanced the inhibitory effects of exosomes on suppressing the progression of PCOS. miR-18b-5p targeted PTEN and could activate PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. miR-18b-5p produced by FF-derived exosomes reduces PTEN expression and promotes the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway to improve PCOS. Based on that, circulating miR-18b-5p levels can contribute to the progression of PCOS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Zhihua Tu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Zhuzhou, 412007, Hunan, China
| | - Can Tan
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Shen
- Yikon Genomics Co. Ltd., Suzhou, 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangbei Wan
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Yejuan Li
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Anguo Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Ning Ma
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Yanqin Song
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China
| | - Weiying Lu
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, No.75 Longkun South Road, Haikou, 570206, Hainan, China.
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12
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Abedal-Majed MA, Springman SA, Sutton CM, Snider AP, Bell BE, Hart M, Kurz SG, Bergman J, Summers AF, McFee RM, Davis JS, Wood JR, Cupp AS. VEGFA165 can rescue excess steroid secretion, inflammatory markers, and follicle arrest in the ovarian cortex of High A4 cows†. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:118-131. [PMID: 34726240 PMCID: PMC9630404 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A population of cows with excess androstenedione (A4; High A4) in follicular fluid, with follicular arrest, granulosa cell dysfunction, and a 17% reduction in calving rate was previously identified. We hypothesized that excess A4 in the ovarian microenvironment caused the follicular arrest in High A4 cows and that vascular endothelial growth factor A would rescue the High A4 phenotype. In trial 1, prior to culture, High A4 ovarian cortex (n = 9) had greater numbers of early stage follicles (primordial) and fewer later-stage follicles compared to controls (n = 11). Culture for 7 days did not relieve this follicular arrest; instead, High A4 ovarian cortex had increased indicators of inflammation, anti-Mullerian hormone, and A4 secretion compared to controls. In trial 2, we tested if vascular endothelial growth factor A isoforms could rescue the High A4 phenotype. High A4 (n = 5) and control (n = 5) ovarian cortex was cultured with (1) PBS, (2) VEGFA165 (50 ng/mL), (3) VEGFA165B (50 ng/mL), or (4) VEGFA165 + VEGFA165B (50 ng/mL each) for 7 days. Follicular progression increased with VEGFA165 in High A4 cows with greater early primary, primary, and secondary follicles than controls. Similar to trial 1, High A4 ovarian cortex secreted greater concentrations of A4 and other steroids and had greater indicators of inflammation compared to controls. However, VEGFA165 rescued steroidogenesis, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. The VEGFA165 and VEGFA165b both reduced IL-13, INFα, and INFβ secretion in High A4 cows to control levels. Thus, VEGFA165 may be a potential therapeutic to restore the ovarian steroidogenic microenvironment and may promote folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abedal-Majed
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agriculture, University of Jordan, Amman-Jordan, Jordan
| | - Shelby A Springman
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Courtney M Sutton
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Alexandria P Snider
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Brooke E Bell
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | | | - Scott G Kurz
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jeff Bergman
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Adam F Summers
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Renee M McFee
- School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Hall (VBS), University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - John S Davis
- Olson Center for Women’s Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer R Wood
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Andrea S Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, Animal Science Building, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
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13
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Bar-Sadeh B, Amichai OE, Pnueli L, Begum K, Leeman G, Emes RD, Stöger R, Bentley GR, Melamed P. Epigenetic regulation of 5α reductase-1 underlies adaptive plasticity of reproductive function and pubertal timing. BMC Biol 2022; 20:11. [PMID: 34996447 PMCID: PMC8742331 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women facing increased energetic demands in childhood commonly have altered adult ovarian activity and shorter reproductive lifespan, possibly comprising a strategy to optimize reproductive success. Here, we sought to understand the mechanisms of early-life programming of reproductive function, by integrating analysis of reproductive tissues in an appropriate mouse model with methylation analysis of proxy tissue DNA in a well-characterized population of Bangladeshi migrants in the UK. Bangladeshi women whose childhood was in Bangladesh were found to have later pubertal onset and lower age-matched ovarian reserve than Bangladeshi women who grew-up in England. Subsequently, we aimed to explore the potential relevance to the altered reproductive phenotype of one of the genes that emerged from the screens. Results Of the genes associated with differential methylation in the Bangladeshi women whose childhood was in Bangladesh as compared to Bangladeshi women who grew up in the UK, 13 correlated with altered expression of the orthologous gene in the mouse model ovaries. These mice had delayed pubertal onset and a smaller ovarian reserve compared to controls. The most relevant of these genes for reproductive function appeared to be SRD5A1, which encodes the steroidogenic enzyme 5α reductase-1. SRD5A1 was more methylated at the same transcriptional enhancer in mice ovaries as in the women’s buccal DNA, and its expression was lower in the hypothalamus of the mice as well, suggesting a possible role in the central control of reproduction. The expression of Kiss1 and Gnrh was also lower in these mice compared to controls, and inhibition of 5α reductase-1 reduced Kiss1 and Gnrh mRNA levels and blocked GnRH release in GnRH neuronal cell cultures. Crucially, we show that inhibition of this enzyme in female mice in vivo delayed pubertal onset. Conclusions SRD5A1/5α reductase-1 responds epigenetically to the environment and its downregulation appears to alter the reproductive phenotype. These findings help to explain diversity in reproductive characteristics and how they are shaped by early-life environment and reveal novel pathways that might be targeted to mitigate health issues caused by life-history trade-offs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01219-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bar-Sadeh
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Or E Amichai
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lilach Pnueli
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Khurshida Begum
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Gregory Leeman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Richard D Emes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Reinhard Stöger
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | | | - Philippa Melamed
- Faculty of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel.
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14
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Ren J, Tan G, Ren X, Lu W, Peng Q, Tang J, Wang Y, Xie B, Wang M. The PNA mouse may be the best animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:950105. [PMID: 36004354 PMCID: PMC9393894 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.950105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) exerts negative effects on females of childbearing age. It is important to identify more suitable models for fundamental research on PCOS. We evaluated animal models from a novel perspective with the aim of helping researchers select the best model for PCOS. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the mRNA expression profiles in the ovarian tissues of mice with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) plus high-fat diet (HFD)-induced PCOS. Meanwhile, 14 datasets were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), including eight studies on humans, three on rats and three on mice, and genes associated with PCOS were obtained from the PCOSKB website. We compared the consistency of each animal model and human PCOS in terms of DEGs and pathway enrichment analysis results. There were 239 DEGs shared between prenatally androgenized (PNA) mice and PCOS patients. Moreover, 1113 genes associated with PCOS from the PCOSKB website were identified among the DEGs of PNA mice. A total of 134 GO and KEGG pathways were shared between PNA mice and PCOS patients. These findings suggest that the PNA mouse model is the best animal model to simulate PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangqing Tan
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiyu Lu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiling Peng
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Bioinformatics, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingxiong Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Biao Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Xie, ; Meijiao Wang,
| | - Meijiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Ministry of Education of China, College of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Biao Xie, ; Meijiao Wang,
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15
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Wu YX, Lin YS, Li SC, Yao X, Cheng M, Zhu L, Liu HY. microRNA-194 is increased in polycystic ovary syndrome granulosa cell and induce KGN cells apoptosis by direct targeting heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2021; 19:170. [PMID: 34814928 PMCID: PMC8609843 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-021-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-related follicular developmental disorder that affects 50 %-70 % of reproductive-aged women diagnosed with ovulation-related infertility. Abnormal proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs) are thought to be the critical factors leading to abnormal maturation of follicles. It has been shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) exert a significant influence in the pathogenesis of PCOS; however, the relationship between miRNA, PCOS, and GC apoptosis is not entirely understood. METHODS To clarify the effect of miR-194 in PCOS, CCK-8, Ki67 staining, AO/EB, and flow cytometry assays were used to assess cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis in KGN cells, which were artificially stimulated to overexpress miR-194. Luciferase reporter assays and rescue experiments were used to elucidate the mechanism underlying miR-194 in PCOS. RESULTS miR-194 expression was significantly up-regulated in rat models of PCOS and the ovarian GCs of PCOS patients. miR-194 suppression promoted KGN cell growth and proliferation. miR-194 overexpression also induced cell apoptosis, while miR-194 downregulation had an opposite effect. Furthermore, up-regulating heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) expression rescued the pro-apoptotic effects of miR-194 upregulation on KGN cells. CONCLUSIONS miR-194 is increased in PCOS granulosa cell and may function as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for KGN cells via HB-EGF regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xuan Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Shan Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Chen Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingwei Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Guangdong, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age. Although its essential clinical manifestation includes a plethora of symptoms and signs, which largely reflects the underlying hyperandrogenism, oligo/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology, PCOS may also be associated with many metabolic derangements. These metabolic derangements happen to overlap with many of the core constituents of the metabolic syndrome (MBS)—increased insulin resistance, central obesity, and dyslipidemia. The two disorders also display similarly increased risks for certain metabolic and vascular diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Due to the many similarities between metabolic syndrome and PCOS, this review aims to examine the evidence concerning the overlapping features, the risks for comorbidities, possible shared mechanisms, and treatment strategies in patients with coexisting PCOS and MBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Chiao Hsieh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Kai Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Livia ShangYu Wan Chair Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Prabhudesai KS, Raje S, Desai K, Modi D, Dighe V, Contini A, Idicula-Thomas S. Central residues of FSHβ (89-97) peptide are not critical for FSHR binding: Implications for peptidomimetic design. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 44:128132. [PMID: 34022413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In our previous study, we had identified a 9-mer peptide (FSHβ (89-97)) derived from seat belt loop of human FSHβ and demonstrated its ability to function as FSHR antagonist in vivo. Structure analysis revealed that the four central residues 91STDC94 within this peptide may not be critical for receptor binding. In the present study, 91STDC94 residues were substituted with alanine to generate ΔFSHβ 89-97(91STDC94/AAAA) peptide. Analogous to the parent peptide, ΔFSHβ 89-97(91STDC94/AAAA) peptide inhibited binding of iodinated FSH to rat FSHR and reduced FSH-induced cAMP production. The peptide could impede granulosa cell proliferation leading to reduction in FSH-mediated ovarian weight gain in immature female rats. In these rats, peptide administration further downregulated androgen receptor and estrogen receptor-alpha expression and upregulated estrogen receptor-beta expression. The results indicate that substitution of 91STDC94 with alanine did not significantly alter FSHR antagonist activity of FSHβ (89-97) peptide implying that these residues are not critical for FSH-FSHR interaction and can be replaced with non-peptidic moieties for development of more potent peptidomimetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushiki S Prabhudesai
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sahil Raje
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karishma Desai
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepak Modi
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, JM Street, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vikas Dighe
- National Center for Preclinical Reproductive and Genetic Toxicology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Alessandro Contini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche - Sezione di Chimica Generale e Organica "Alessandro Marchesini", Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Venezian, 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Susan Idicula-Thomas
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India.
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Song P, Yue Q, Fu Q, Li X, Li X, Zhou R, Chen X, Tao C. Integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA interaction in ovaries of Turpan Black Sheep during follicular and luteal phases. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 56:46-57. [PMID: 33098173 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the follicular-luteal phase transition in Turpan black sheep (Ovis aries), the genome-wide expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were investigated in ovaries of six sheep (3 years and single lamb with 3 consecutive births) during follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential miRNAs and genes related to Turpan black sheep ovarian function. RT-qPCR was used to validate the sequencing results. In total, we identified 139 known and 71 novel miRNAs in the two phases with miRNA-seq, and a total of 19 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, of which 7 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated in the follicular phase compared with luteal phase. A total of 150 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including 63 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase by RNA-seq data analysis. Those DEGs were significantly enriched in 103 GO terms and several KEGG pathways, including metabolic pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis and oestrogen signalling pathway. In addition, we created a miRNA-mRNA regulatory network to further elucidate the mechanism of follicular-luteal transition. Finally, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR-143, miR-99a, miR-150, miR-27a, miR-125b, STAR, STAT1, which might play crucial roles in reproductive hormone biosynthesis and follicular development. The miRNA-mRNA interactive network clearly illustrates molecular basis involving in follicular-luteal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qiaoxian Yue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiangyun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xujing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Rongyan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chenyu Tao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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Dilaver N, Pellatt L, Jameson E, Ogunjimi M, Bano G, Homburg R, D Mason H, Rice S. The regulation and signalling of anti-Müllerian hormone in human granulosa cells: relevance to polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod 2020; 34:2467-2479. [PMID: 31735954 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dez214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What prevents the fall in anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and what are the consequences of this for follicle progression in these ovaries? SUMMARY ANSWER Exposure of granulosa cells (GCs) to high levels of androgens, equivalent to that found in PCOS, prevented the fall in AMH and was associated with dysregulated AMH-SMAD signalling leading to stalled follicle progression in PCOS. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY In normal ovaries, AMH exerts an inhibitory role on antral follicle development and a fall in AMH levels is a prerequisite for ovulation. Levels of AMH are high in PCOS, contributing to the dysregulated follicle growth that is a common cause of anovulatory infertility in these women. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Human KGN-GC (the cell line that corresponds to immature GC from smaller antral follicles (AF)) were cultured with a range of doses of various androgens to determine the effects on AMH production. KGN-GC were also treated with PHTPP (an oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) antagonist) to examine the relationship between AMH expression and the ratio of ERα:ERβ. The differential dose-related effect of AMH on gene expression and SMAD signalling was investigated in human granulosa-luteal cells (hGLC) from women with normal ovaries, with polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) and with PCOS. KGN-GC were also cultured for a prolonged period with AMH at different doses to assess the effect on cell proliferation and viability. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS AMH protein production by cells exposed to androgens was measured by ELISA. The effect of PHTPP on the mRNA expression levels of AMH, ERα and ERβ was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). The influence of AMH on the relative mRNA expression levels of aromatase, AMH and its receptor AMHRII, and the FSH and LH receptor (FSHR and LHR) in control, PCOM and PCOS hGLCs was quantified by qPCR. Western blotting was used to assess changes in levels of SMAD proteins (pSMAD-1/5/8; SMAD-4; SMAD-6 and SMAD-7) after exposure of hGLCs from healthy women and women with PCOS to AMH. The ApoTox-Glo Triplex assay was used to evaluate the effect of AMH on cell viability, cytotoxicity and apoptosis. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Testosterone reduced AMH protein secreted from KGN-GC at 10-9-10-7 M (P < 0.05; P < 0.005, multiple uncorrected comparisons Fishers least squares difference), but at equivalent hyperandrogenemic levels no change was seen in AMH levels. 5α-DHT produced a significant dose-related increase in AMH protein secreted into the media (P = 0.022, ANOVA). Increasing the mRNA ratio of ERα:ERβ produced a corresponding increase in AMH mRNA expression (P = 0.015, two-way ANOVA). AMH increased mRNA levels of aromatase (P < 0.05, one-way ANOVA) and FSHR (P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA) in hGLCs from women with PCOM, but not from normal cells or PCOS (normal n = 7, PCOM n = 5, PCOS n = 4). In contrast to hGLCs from ovulatory ovaries, in PCOS AMH reduced protein levels (cell content) of stimulatory pSMAD-1/5/8 and SMAD-4 but increased inhibitory SMAD-6 and -7 (P < 0.05, normal n = 6, PCOS n = 3). AMH at 20 and 50 ng/ml decreased KGN-GC cell proliferation but not viability after 8 days of treatment (P < 0.005, two-way ANOVA). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Luteinised GC from women undergoing IVF have a relatively low expression of AMH/AMHRII but advantageously continue to display responses inherent to the ovarian morphology from which they are collected. To compensate, we also utilised the KGN cell line which has been characterised to be at a developmental stage close to that of immature GC. The lack of flutamide influence on testosterone effects is not in itself sufficient evidence to conclude that the effect on AMH is mediated via conversion to oestrogen, and the effect of aromatase inhibitors or oestrogen-specific inhibitors should be tested. The effect of flutamide was tested on testosterone but not DHT. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Normal folliculogenesis and ovulation are dependent on the timely reduction in AMH production from GC at the time of follicle selection. Our findings reveal for the first time that theca-derived androgens may play a role in this model but that this inhibitory action is lost at levels of androgens equivalent to those seen in PCOS. The AMH decline may either be a direct effect of androgens or an indirect one via conversion to oestradiol and acting through the upregulation of ERα, which is known to stimulate the AMH promoter. Interestingly, the ability of GCs to respond to this continually elevated AMH level appears to be reduced in cells from women with PCOS due to an adaptive alteration in the SMAD signalling pathway and lower expression of AMHRII, indicating a form of 'AMH resistance'. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was funded by the Thomas Addison Scholarship, St Georges Hospital Trust. The authors report no conflict of interest in this work and have nothing to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafi Dilaver
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Academic Foundation Programme, Imperial College London, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Laura Pellatt
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.,Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Ella Jameson
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Programme, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Michael Ogunjimi
- Biomedical Science Undergraduate Programme, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Gul Bano
- Thomas Addison Endocrine Unit, St George's Hospital, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Roy Homburg
- Homerton Fertility Unit, Homerton University Hospital, Homerton Row, London, UK
| | - Helen D Mason
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Suman Rice
- Cell Biology and Genetics Research Centre, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
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A review of the physiology behind letrozole applications in infertility: are current protocols optimal? J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:2093-2104. [PMID: 32712844 PMCID: PMC7492298 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01892-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Letrozole is a targeted aromatase inhibitor which has primarily been used in post-menopausal women with breast cancer. Recently, it has been utilized in infertile pre-menopausal women because of its ability to enhance FSH production for ovulation induction. However, the ovarian follicle’s response to FSH is only a part of the endocrine events occurring in a developing follicle. The health of the small antral follicles is driven primarily by androgens, which contribute to granulosa cell mitosis, sensitivity to FSH, and resistance to atresia. In contrast, elevated androgens in the late antral to pre-ovulatory follicle have a negative impact on follicle health and lead to atresia and cystic follicle formation. This ovarian physiologic data suggests that current applications of letrozole to infertility may be squandering some of the primary benefits available in using letrozole to promote follicle development. Four applications of letrozole to infertility that have appeared in the medical literature are reviewed. Androgen-related benefits are reviewed and various questions put forward about how letrozole could be more effectively used to help patients in these settings.
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Zhang S, Tu H, Yao J, Le J, Jiang Z, Tang Q, Zhang R, Huo P, Lei X. Combined use of Diane-35 and metformin improves the ovulation in the PCOS rat model possibly via regulating glycolysis pathway. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:58. [PMID: 32493421 PMCID: PMC7268382 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00613-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disease with unknown pathogenesis. However, the treatment of Diane-35 combined with metformin can improve the endocrine and ovulation of PCOS. In this study, we investigated the effects of Diane-35 combined with metformin (DM) treatment on ovulation and glucose metabolism in a PCOS rat model. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups, control group, model group (PCOS group) and Diane-35 combined with metformin (PCOS + DM group). The mRNA expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The hormone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunostaining detected the protein levels of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A), pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 (PKM2) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in the ovarian tissues. TNUEL assay was performed to determine cell apoptosis in the PCOS rats. The metabolites in the ovarian tissues were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS PCOS rats showed an increased in body weight, levels of luteinizing hormone and testosterone and insulin resistance, which was significantly attenuated by the DM treatment. The DM treatment improved disrupted estrous cycle and increased the granulosa cells of the ovary in the PCOS rats. The decreased proliferation and increased cell apoptosis of granulosa cells in the ovarian tissues of PCOS rats were significantly reversed by the DM treatment. The analysis of metabolics revealed that ATP and lactate levels were significantly decreased in PCOS rats, which was recovered by the DM treatment. Furthermore, the expression of LDH-A, PKM2 and SIRT1 was significantly down-regulated in ovarian tissues of the PCOS rats; while the DM treatment significantly increased the expression of LDH-A, PKM2 and SIRT1 in the ovarian tissues of the PCOS rats. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our study demonstrated that Diane-35 plus metformin treatment improved the pathological changes in the PCOS rats. Further studies suggest that Diane-35 plus metformin can improve the energy metabolism of the ovary via regulating the glycolysis pathway. The mechanistic studies indicated that the therapeutic effects of Diane-35 plus metformin treatment in the PCOS rats may be associated with the regulation of glycolysis-related mediators including PKM2, LDH-A and SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Zhang
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Haoyan Tu
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Jun Yao
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Jianghua Le
- grid.452806.dDepartment of Reproductive Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001 China
| | - Zhengxu Jiang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Qianqian Tang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- grid.417409.f0000 0001 0240 6969School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000 China
| | - Peng Huo
- grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541004 China
| | - Xiaocan Lei
- grid.412017.10000 0001 0266 8918Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Department of Histology and Embryology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
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22
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Effect of DHT-Induced Hyperandrogenism on the Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Morphology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:medicina56030100. [PMID: 32120970 PMCID: PMC7142739 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most prevalent disorders among women of reproductive age. It is considered as a pro-inflammatory state with chronic low-grade inflammation, one of the key factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this disorder. Polycystic ovary is a well-established criterion for PCOS. The present investigation aimed at finding the role of hyperandrogenism, the most important feature of PCOS, in the development of this inflammatory state. To address this problem, we adopted a model system that developed polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM), which could be most effectively used in order to study the role of non-aromatizable androgen in inflammation in PCOS. Materials and Methods: Six rats were used to induce PCOM in 21-days-old female Wistar albino rats by using a pre-determined release of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a potent non-aromatizable androgen, achieved by implanting a DHT osmotic pump, which is designed to release a daily dose of 83 μg. Results: After 90 days, the rats displayed irregular estrous cycles and multiple ovarian cysts similar to human PCOS. Elevated serum inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and the presence of a necrotic lesion in the liver, osteoclast in the femur, multinucleated giant cells and lymphocytes in the ovary based on histopathological observation of DHT-treated rats clearly indicated the onset of inflammation in the hyperandrogenic state. Our results show no significant alterations in serum hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), insulin, and cortisol between control and hyperandrogenised rats. DHT was significantly elevated as compared to control. mRNA studies showed an increased expression level of TNF-α and IL-1β, further, the mRNA expression of urocortin 1 (Ucn-1) was stupendously elevated in the liver of hyperandrogenised rats. Conclusions: Thus, results from this study provide: (1) a good PCOM model system in order to study the inflammatory changes in PCOS aspects, (2) alteration of inflammatory markers in PCOM rats that could be either due to its direct effect or by the regulation of various inflammatory genes and markers in the liver of hyperandrogenic state suggesting the regulatory role of DHT, and (3) alteration in stress-related protein in the liver of PCOM rats.
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23
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Xu B, Zhou M, Cheng M, Zhang D, Wu X, Si C, Xia L, Xu H, Li J, Chang HM, Leung PCK, Zhang A. Transvaginal ovarian drilling followed by controlled ovarian stimulation from the next day improves ovarian response for the poor responders with polycystic ovary syndrome during IVF treatment: a pilot study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:7. [PMID: 31980027 PMCID: PMC6982383 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor response patients with PCOS who are not susceptible to gonadotropin stimulation are more likely to have canceled cycles or poor clinical outcomes during IVF treatment. However, some limitations exist in the present therapies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of using the transvaginal ovarian drilling (TVOD) followed by controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) from the second day of these poor responders. METHODS During IVF, 7 poor responders with PCOS and 28 PCOS patients (14 normal and 14 high responders) were recruited. All patients received COS with the gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol. For the poor responders, after undergoing 10 to 14 days of ovulation induction with no response, the TVOD was applied and then ovarian stimulation was performed from the next day at the same gonadotropin dose. Serum samples during COS and follicular fluid samples from the dominant follicles on the oocyte pick-up (OPU) day in all three groups were collected. Besides, follicular fluid from small follicles (diameter < 1 cm) in the normal and high responders on the OPU day and those in the poor responders on the TVOD day were gathered. Hormonal levels were examined in all samples using immunometric assays. RESULTS All the poor responders restored ovary response after receiving TVOD. There was no significant difference in the stimulation duration, total gonadotrophin dose used and the clinical outcomes among the three groups. The body mass index, serum and follicular levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone in poor responders were higher than those in the other two groups, and the application of TVOD significantly decreased the levels of AMH and testosterone in both serum and follicular fluid. CONCLUSIONS TVOD followed by ovulation induction from the next day is effective and convenient for poor responders with PCOS. The decline of AMH and testosterone resulted from TVOD may be the main reason resulting in the recovery of ovary sensitivity to gonadotropins. The small sample size is the primary limitation of this study, future studies using a large population cohort and monitoring the long-term outcomes of this strategy will be required. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1900023612. Registered 04 June 2019-Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bufang Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Mingjuan Zhou
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Meiyu Cheng
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenchen Si
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Lan Xia
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Li
- Clinical research center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hsun-Ming Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Peter C K Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Reproductive Medical Center of Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Department of Histo-Embryology, Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, 280 South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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He T, Sun Y, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Zheng Y, Hao G, Shi Y. MicroRNA-200b and microRNA-200c are up-regulated in PCOS granulosa cell and inhibit KGN cell proliferation via targeting PTEN. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2019; 17:68. [PMID: 31421682 PMCID: PMC6698342 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-019-0505-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine metabolic disorders characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries and ovulatory dysfunction. Several studies have reported that the aberrant expression of miRNAs contributes a lot to disordered folliculogenesis in PCOS, though the role and underlying mechanism of microRNA-200b (miR-200b) and microRNA-200c (miR-200c) in the development of PCOS remain unclear. METHODS The expression of miR-200b in granulosa cells (GCs) derived from 90 PCOS patients and 70 controls was analyzed by using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) was cultured for cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays after over-expression of miR-200b, miR-200c or knockdown phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). TargetScan was used to identify the potential targets of miR-200b and miR-200c, which was further verified by qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays. RESULTS Significantly increased expression of miR-200b was observed in PCOS patients compared with the controls. Moreover, over-expression of miR-200b and miR-200c inhibited the proliferation of KGN cells. In addition, our results verified that miR-200b and miR-200c directly targeted PTEN, knockdown of which suppressed KGN cells proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that miR-200b and miR-200c suppress the proliferation of KGN cells by targeting PTEN, and this might provide new evidence for abnormal proliferation of GCs in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting He
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Jinan, 250021, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The Northwest Women's & Children's Hospital affiliated of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710003, China
| | - Yifei Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingchun Zhang
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shigang Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Guimin Hao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University; The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, China; Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Huang CC, Chen MJ, Lan CW, Wu CE, Huang MC, Kuo HC, Ho HN. Hyperactive CREB signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome revealed by patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell modeling. Fertil Steril 2019; 112:594-607.e12. [PMID: 31277818 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study whether and how the pathogenesis of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is related to epigenetic aberrations. DESIGN A case-control experimental study. SETTING Tertiary university hospital. PATIENT(S) Eighteen patients with PCOS and ten non-PCOS control subjects. INTERVENTIONS(S) Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were obtained from skin fibroblasts through the application of nonviral episomal reprogramming and were differentiated into ovarian granulosa cells (GCs) with the use of a cocktail of growth factors. Primary ovarian GCs were collected during transvaginal oocyte retrieval surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Characterization and functional validation of iPSC-derived GCs were conducted. Whole-genomic DNA methylation profiles in women with and without PCOS in both iPSC-derived GCs and primary adult GCs were analyzed with the use of the Illumina 850K MethylationEPIC Beadchip. RESULT(S) The iPSC-derived GCs successfully expressed GC-associated genes and aromatase activity after differentiation. Whole-genomic DNA methylation analysis of the iPSC-derived GCs and adult GCs both revealed a hyperactive CREB signaling pathway in the PCOS group compared with the control group. The expression of CREB-binding protein (CBP) mRNA was significantly higher in the iPSC-derived GCs in the PCOS group, and the expression of CBP protein was also significantly higher in the primary GCs from women with PCOS. CONCLUSION(S) The combination of DNA methylomic analysis in primary adult GCs and iPSC-derived GCs showed that a preserved persistent hyperactivation of the CREB signaling pathway might be involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. These results could have implications on the early developmental origin, inheritance nature, and environmental interaction effects of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Wei Lan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Eng Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chi Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Xu J, Wang G, Luo X, Wang L, Bao Y, Yang X. Role of nuclear factor‐κB pathway in the transition of mouse secondary follicles to antral follicles. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:22565-22580. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun‐Jie Xu
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Guang Wang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Xin Luo
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
| | - Li‐Jing Wang
- Institute of Vascular Biological Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou China
| | - Yongping Bao
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
- International Joint Laboratory for Embryonic Development and Prenatal Medicine Medical College, Jinan University Guangzhou China
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Treatment with the synthetic PPARG ligand pioglitazone ameliorates early ovarian alterations induced by dehydroepiandrosterone in prepubertal rats. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:96-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction alleviated hyperandrogenism in a letrozole-induced rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome by inhibition of NF-κB activation. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181877. [PMID: 30573529 PMCID: PMC6328870 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Shaoyao-Gancao Decoction (SGD) has been widely used for the treatment of gynopathy. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect and potential mechanism of SGD on hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) rats. In the present work, SGD was orally administrated to the PCOS rats at the dose of 12.5, 25, and 50 g/kg/d for 14 consecutive days. UPLC–MS/MS was performed to identify the main chemical components of SGD. Body weight, ovarian weight, cystic dilating follicles, and serum levels of steroid hormones were tested to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SGD. In order to further clarify the underlying mechanism, we also measured mRNA and the protein levels of NF-κB, NF-κB p65, P-NF-κB p65, and IκB by RT-qPCR and Western blotting techniques. Our results showed that SGD treatment significantly alleviated hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats as evidenced by reduced serum levels of T and increased E2 and FSH levels. In addition, SGD effectively reduced the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and increased the expression of IκB. Results of the present study demonstrated that SGD could ameliorate hyperandrogenism in PCOS rats, and the potential mechanism may relate to the NF-κB pathway.
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Abedel-Majed MA, Romereim SM, Davis JS, Cupp AS. Perturbations in Lineage Specification of Granulosa and Theca Cells May Alter Corpus Luteum Formation and Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:832. [PMID: 31849844 PMCID: PMC6895843 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Anovulation is a major cause of infertility, and it is the major leading reproductive disorder in mammalian females. Without ovulation, an oocyte is not released from the ovarian follicle to be fertilized and a corpus luteum is not formed. The corpus luteum formed from the luteinized somatic follicular cells following ovulation, vasculature cells, and immune cells is critical for progesterone production and maintenance of pregnancy. Follicular theca cells differentiate into small luteal cells (SLCs) that produce progesterone in response to luteinizing hormone (LH), and granulosa cells luteinize to become large luteal cells (LLCs) that have a high rate of basal production of progesterone. The formation and function of the corpus luteum rely on the appropriate proliferation and differentiation of both granulosa and theca cells. If any aspect of granulosa or theca cell luteinization is perturbed, then the resulting luteal cell populations (SLC, LLC, vascular, and immune cells) may be reduced and compromise progesterone production. Thus, many factors that affect the differentiation/lineage of the somatic cells and their gene expression profiles can alter the ability of a corpus luteum to produce the progesterone critical for pregnancy. Our laboratory has identified genes that are enriched in somatic follicular cells and luteal cells through gene expression microarray. This work was the first to compare the gene expression profiles of the four somatic cell types involved in the follicle-to-luteal transition and to support previous immunofluorescence data indicating theca cells differentiate into SLCs while granulosa cells become LLCs. Using these data and incorporating knowledge about the ways in which luteinization can go awry, we can extrapolate the impact that alterations in the theca and granulosa cell gene expression profiles and lineages could have on the formation and function of the corpus luteum. While interactions with other cell types such as vascular and immune cells are critical for appropriate corpus luteum function, we are restricting this review to focus on granulosa, theca, and luteal cells and how perturbations such as androgen excess and inflammation may affect their function and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah M. Romereim
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - John S. Davis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Olson Center for Women's Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Andrea S. Cupp
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Andrea S. Cupp
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Baba T, Ting AY, Tkachenko O, Xu J, Stouffer RL. Direct actions of androgen, estrogen and anti-Müllerian hormone on primate secondary follicle development in the absence of FSH in vitro. Hum Reprod 2018; 32:2456-2464. [PMID: 29077845 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dex322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are effects of androgen, estrogen and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), independent of FSH action, on the development and function of primate follicles from the preantral to small antral stage in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER Androgen and estrogen, but not AMH, promote follicle survival and growth in vitro, in the absence of FSH. However, their growth-promoting effects are limited to the preantral to early antral stage. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY FSH supports primate preantral follicle development in vitro. Androgen and estrogen augment follicle survival and growth in the presence of FSH during culture. STUDY DESIGN SIZE, DURATION Nonhuman primate model; randomized, control versus treatment groups. Rhesus macaque (n = 6) secondary follicles (n = 24 per animal per treatment group) were cultured for 5 weeks. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Follicles were encapsulated in 0.25% (w/v) alginate and cultured individually in modified alpha minimum essential media with (i) FSH (1 ng/ml; control), (ii) no FSH, (iii) no FSH + estradiol (E2; 100 pg/ml)/dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 50 ng/ml) and (iv) no FSH + AMH (50 ng/ml). In a second experiment, follicles were cultured with (i) FSH (1 ng/ml), (ii) no FSH, (iii) no FSH + E2 (1 ng/ml), (iv) no FSH + DHT (50 ng/ml) and (v) no FSH + E2/DHT. Follicle survival, antrum formation and growth pattern were evaluated. Progesterone (P4), E2 and AMH concentrations in culture media were measured. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In the first experiment, FSH deprivation significantly decreased (P < 0.05) follicle survival rates in the no FSH group (16 ± 5%), compared to CTRL (66 ± 9%). E2/DHT (49 ± 5%), but not AMH (27 ± 8%), restored follicle survival rate to the CTRL level. Similarly, antrum formation rates were higher (P < 0.05) in CTRL (56 ± 6%) and E2/DHT groups (54 ± 14%), compared to no FSH (0 ± 0%) and AMH (11 ± 11%) groups. However, follicle growth rate after antrum formation and follicle diameter at week 5 was reduced (P < 0.05) in the E2/DHT group (405 ± 25 μm), compared to CTRL (522 ± 29 μm). Indeed, the proportion of fast-grow follicles at week 5 was higher in CTRL (29% ± 5), compared to E2/DHT group (10 ± 3%). No fast-grow follicles were observed in no FSH and AMH groups. AMH levels at week 3 remained similar in all groups. However, media concentrations of P4 and E2 at week 5 were lower (P < 0.05, undetectable) in no FSH, E2/DHT and AMH groups, compared to CTRL (P4 = 93 ± 10 ng/ml; E2 = 4 ± 1 ng/ml). In the second experiment, FSH depletion diminished follicle survival rate (66 ± 8% in control versus 45 ± 9% in no FSH, P = 0.034). E2 plus DHT (31.5 ± 11%) or DHT alone (69 ± 9%) restored follicle survival rate to the control (FSH) level as expected. Also, E2 plus DHT or DHT alone improved antrum formation rate. However, in the absence of FSH, E2 plus DHT or DHT alone did not support growth, in terms of follicle diameter, or steroid (P4 or E2) production after the antral stage. LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION This study is limited to in vitro effects of E2, DHT and AMH during the interval from the secondary to small antral stage of macaque follicular development. In addition, the primate follicle pool is heterogeneous and differs between animals; therefore, even though only secondary follicles were selected, follicle growth and developmental outcomes might differ from one animal to another. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This study provides novel information on the possible actions of estrogen and androgen during early follicular development in primates. Our results suggest that sequential exposure of preantral follicles to local factors, e.g. E2 and DHT, followed by gonadotropin once the follicle reaches the antral stage, may better mimic primate folliculogenesis in vivo. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) Research reported in this publication was supported by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Center for Translational Research on Reproduction and Infertility 5P50HD071836, and the NIH Primate Centers Program 8P510D011092. There are no conflicts of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Baba
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University, South 1 West 16, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8543 Japan
| | - A Y Ting
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - O Tkachenko
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - J Xu
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - R L Stouffer
- Division of Reproductive and Developmental Sciences, Oregon National Primate Research Center, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Zhao J, Xu J, Wang W, Zhao H, Liu H, Liu X, Liu J, Sun Y, Dunaif A, Du Y, Chen ZJ. Long non-coding RNA LINC-01572:28 inhibits granulosa cell growth via a decrease in p27 (Kip1) degradation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. EBioMedicine 2018; 36:526-538. [PMID: 30293818 PMCID: PMC6197751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disordered folliculogenesis is a key feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. METHODS Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in luteinized granulosa cells (hLGCs) derived from women with and without PCOS were analyzed using microarray and qRT-PCR. Immortalized human granulosa cell lines were cultured for proliferation assays after transfection with the LINC-01572:28 over-expression vector in the presence or absence of p27 siRNA. Protein expression analysis, rescue assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to confirm the LINC-01572:28 substrate. FINDINGS LINC-01572:28 and p27 protein were elevated whereas proliferating cell nuclear antigen protein was decreased in the hLGCs of women with PCOS. LINC-01572:28 expression was positively correlated with basal testosterone levels. Over-expression of LINC-01572:28 inhibited cell proliferation and impeded G1/S transition, which were partially reversed by siRNA-mediated p27 knockdown. INTERPRETATION Our findings, therefore, suggest that LINC-01572:28 suppresses cell proliferation and cell cycle progression by reducing the degradation of p27 protein via SKP2 binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jieying Xu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Wangshen Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology(Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology(Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Jiansheng Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Andrea Dunaif
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Atran Bldg, 1428 Madison Ave., 4th floor, Rm 4-36, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1055, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai 200135, China; Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology(Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for reproductive health, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, No.157 Jingliu Road, Jinan 250001, China.
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Tamadon A, Hu W, Cui P, Ma T, Tong X, Zhang F, Li X, Shao LR, Feng Y. How to choose the suitable animal model of polycystic ovary syndrome? TRADITIONAL MEDICINE AND MODERN MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2575900018300047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological metabolic and endocrine disorder with uncertain etiology. To understand the etiology of PCOS or the evaluation of various therapeutic agents, different animal models have been introduced. Considering this fact that is difficult to develop an animal model that mimics all aspects of this syndrome, but, similarity of biological, anatomical, and/or biochemical features of animal model to the human PCOS phenotypes can increase its application. This review paper evaluates the recently researched animal models and introduced the best models for different research purposes in PCOS studies. During January 2013 to January 2017, 162 studies were identified which applied various kinds of animal models of PCOS including rodent, primate, ruminant and fish. Between these models, prenatal and pre-pubertal androgen rat models and then prenatal androgen mouse model have been studied in detail than others. The comparison of main features of these models with women PCOS demonstrates higher similarity of these three models to human conditions. Thereafter, letrozole models can be recommended for the investigation of various aspects of PCOS. Interestingly, similarity of PCOS features of post-pubertal insulin and human chorionic gonadotropin rat models with women PCOS were considerable which can make it as a good choice for future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Tamadon
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peng Cui
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Tong Ma
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Feifei Zhang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Linus R. Shao
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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The Effect of Steroid Hormones on Ovarian Follicle Development. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2018; 107:155-175. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zohrabi M, Rahmani E, Motamed N, Akbarzadeh S. CXC Ligand 5 cytokine serum level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal body mass index: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.29252/ijrm.15.10.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Kim DH, Suh J, Surh YJ, Na HK. Regulation of the tumor suppressor PTEN by natural anticancer compounds. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017; 1401:136-149. [PMID: 28891094 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) has phosphatase activity, with phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), a product of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), as one of the principal substrates. PTEN is a negative regulator of the Akt pathway, which plays a fundamental role in controlling cell growth, survival, and proliferation. Loss of PTEN function has been observed in many different types of cancer. Functional inactivation of PTEN as a consequence of germ-line mutations or promoter hypermethylation predisposes individuals to malignancies. PTEN undergoes posttranslational modifications, such as oxidation, acetylation, phosphorylation, SUMOylation, and ubiquitination, which influence its catalytic activity, interactions with other proteins, and subcellular localization. Cellular redox status is crucial for posttranslational modification of PTEN and its functional consequences. Oxidative stress and inflammation are major causes of loss of PTEN function. Pharmacologic or nutritional restoration of PTEN function is considered a reliable strategy in the management of PTEN-defective cancer. In this review, we highlight natural compounds, such as curcumin, indol-3 carbinol, and omega-3 fatty acids, that have the potential to restore or potentiate PTEN expression/activity, thereby suppressing cancer cell proliferation, survival, and resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hee Kim
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinyoung Suh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye-Kyung Na
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Knowledge-Based Services Engineering, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
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Zohrabi M, Rahmani E, Motamed N, Akbarzadeh S. CXC Ligand 5 cytokine serum level in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal body mass index: A case-control study. Int J Reprod Biomed 2017; 15:619-624. [PMID: 29387827 PMCID: PMC5767642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disease and associated with insulin resistance. CXC Ligand 5 (CXCL5) is a new cytokine which is secreted from white adipose tissue during obesity and by blocking insulin signaling pathway inhibits the activity of insulin and promotes insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess serum level of CXCL5 in PCOS women with normal body mass index. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, 30 PCOS women with normal body mass index as the case group and 30 non-PCOS women as the controls were enrolled. Serum levels of CXCL5, insulin and other hormones factors related with PCOS were measured by ELISA method, also the biochemical parameters were measured by autoanalyzer. RESULTS Significant increases in serum insulin concentration, homeostasis model assessments of insulin resistance, luteinizing hormone, luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone, fasting blood sugar, testosterone, and prolactin were observed in the case group compared to the controls. were in the serum level of CXCL5, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol,dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, creatinine, and homeostasis model assessment of beta cell function between these two groups. CONCLUSION In this study, no significant change was observed in serum concentrations of CXCL5 in PCOS women with normal BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Zohrabi
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Elham Rahmani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Motamed
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Samad Akbarzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Arcos A, de Paola M, Gianetti D, Acuña D, Velásquez ZD, Miró MP, Toro G, Hinrichsen B, Muñoz RI, Lin Y, Mardones GA, Ehrenfeld P, Rivera FJ, Michaut MA, Batiz LF. α-SNAP is expressed in mouse ovarian granulosa cells and plays a key role in folliculogenesis and female fertility. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11765. [PMID: 28924180 PMCID: PMC5603506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The balance between ovarian folliculogenesis and follicular atresia is critical for female fertility and is strictly regulated by a complex network of neuroendocrine and intra-ovarian signals. Despite the numerous functions executed by granulosa cells (GCs) in ovarian physiology, the role of multifunctional proteins able to simultaneously coordinate/modulate several cellular pathways is unclear. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein (α-SNAP) is a multifunctional protein that participates in SNARE-mediated membrane fusion events. In addition, it regulates cell-to-cell adhesion, AMPK signaling, autophagy and apoptosis in different cell types. In this study we examined the expression pattern of α-SNAP in ovarian tissue and the consequences of α-SNAP (M105I) mutation (hyh mutation) in folliculogenesis and female fertility. Our results showed that α-SNAP protein is highly expressed in GCs and its expression is modulated by gonadotropin stimuli. On the other hand, α-SNAP-mutant mice show a reduction in α-SNAP protein levels. Moreover, increased apoptosis of GCs and follicular atresia, reduced ovulation rate, and a dramatic decline in fertility is observed in α-SNAP-mutant females. In conclusion, α-SNAP plays a critical role in the balance between follicular development and atresia. Consequently, a reduction in its expression/function (M105I mutation) causes early depletion of ovarian follicles and female subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Arcos
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Matilde de Paola
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Gianetti
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Diego Acuña
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Zahady D Velásquez
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - María Paz Miró
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Gabriela Toro
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Bryan Hinrichsen
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rosa Iris Muñoz
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Yimo Lin
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Department of Neurosurgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Gonzalo A Mardones
- Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pamela Ehrenfeld
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Francisco J Rivera
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria.,Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, A-5020, Austria
| | - Marcela A Michaut
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina.
| | - Luis Federico Batiz
- Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. .,Center for Interdisciplinary Studies on the Nervous System (CISNe), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica (CIB), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
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38
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Lim JJ, Han CY, Lee DR, Tsang BK. Ring Finger Protein 6 Mediates Androgen-Induced Granulosa Cell Proliferation and Follicle Growth via Modulation of Androgen Receptor Signaling. Endocrinology 2017; 158:993-1004. [PMID: 28324045 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The destiny of the ovarian follicle (growth or atresia) is tightly regulated by the actions and interactions of endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine factors. Although androgens are known to be important in the regulation of folliculogenesis, whether they facilitate or suppress follicular growth has been controversial, and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Moreover, the role and regulation of androgen receptor (AR) in mediating androgen signaling during follicular development is not clear. Here, we report that the active androgen dihydrotestosterone upregulates the expression of AR and its E3 ligase ring finger protein 6 (RNF6), increasing site-specific AR polyubiquitination and AR transcriptional activity for soluble Kit ligand (sKit-L) expression in preantral follicle growth. RNF6 silencing suppressed dihydrotestosterone-induced AR ubiquitination (lysine residue 63) and proliferation and suppressed apoptosis in preantral granulosa cells, with these responses being overcome by the presence of exogenous sKit-L. Taken together, our findings support the notion that RNF6 plays an important role in androgen-induced, follicle-stage-dependent follicle growth and that it acts by facilitating AR-mediated granulosa cell sKit-L expression and proliferation. Our findings offer insights into the regulatory mechanism of androgen action in ovarian follicular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jin Lim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chae Young Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Chronic Disease Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dong Ryul Lee
- Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, College of Medicine, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Benjamin K Tsang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao, China
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39
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BRE modulates granulosa cell death to affect ovarian follicle development and atresia in the mouse. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2697. [PMID: 28333135 PMCID: PMC5386581 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The BRE (brain and reproductive expression) gene, highly expressed in nervous and reproductive system organs, plays an important role in modulating DNA damage repair under stress response and pathological conditions. Folliculogenesis, a process that ovarian follicle develops into maturation, is closely associated with the interaction between somatic granulosa cell and oocyte. However, the regulatory role of BRE in follicular development remains undetermined. In this context, we found that BRE is normally expressed in the oocytes and granulosa cells from the primordial follicle stage. There was a reduction in follicles number of BRE mutant (BRE-/-) mice. It was attributed to increase the follicular atresia in ovaries, as a result of retarded follicular development. We established that cell proliferation was inhibited, while apoptosis was markedly increased in the granulosa cells in the absence of BRE. In addition, expressions of γ-H2AX (marker for showing DNA double-strand breaks) and DNA damage-relevant genes are both upregulated in BRE-/- mice. In sum, these results suggest that the absence of BRE, deficiency in DNA damage repair, causes increased apoptosis in granulosa cells, which in turn induces follicular atresia in BRE-/- mice.
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40
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Lan ZJ, Krause MS, Redding SD, Li X, Wu GZ, Zhou HX, Bohler HC, Ko C, Cooney AJ, Zhou J, Lei ZM. Selective deletion of Pten in theca-interstitial cells leads to androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 444:26-37. [PMID: 28137614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Theca cell-selective Pten mutation (tPtenMT) in mice resulted in increases in PDK1 and Akt phosphorylation, indicating an over-activation of PI3K signaling in the ovaries. These mice displayed elevated androgen levels, ovary enlargement, antral follicle accumulation, early fertility loss and increased expression of Lhcgr and genes that are crucial to androgenesis. These abnormalities were partially reversed by treatments of PI3K or Akt inhibitor. LH actions in Pten deficient theca cells were potentiated. The phosphorylation of Foxo1 was increased, while the binding of Foxo1 to forkhead response elements in the Lhcgr promoter was reduced in tPtenMT theca cells, implying a mechanism by which PI3K/Akt-induced upregulation of Lhcgr in theca cells might be mediated by reducing the inhibitory effect of Foxo1 on the Lhcgr promoter. The phenotype of tPtenMT females is reminiscent of human PCOS and suggests that dysregulated PI3K cascade in theca cells may be involved in certain types of PCOS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Lan
- Division of Life Sciences and Center for Animal Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - M S Krause
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - S D Redding
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - G Z Wu
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - H X Zhou
- Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - H C Bohler
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - C Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A J Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Z M Lei
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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41
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TGF-β signaling controls FSHR signaling-reduced ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis through the SMAD4/miR-143 axis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2476. [PMID: 27882941 PMCID: PMC5260897 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and its intracellular signaling control mammalian follicular development and female infertility. Our previous study showed that FSHR is downregulated during follicular atresia of porcine ovaries. However, its role and regulation in follicular atresia remain unclear. Here, we showed that FSHR knockdown induced porcine granulosa cell (pGC) apoptosis and follicular atresia, and attenuated the levels of intracellular signaling molecules such as PKA, AKT and p-AKT. FSHR was identified as a target of miR-143, a microRNA that was upregulated during porcine follicular atresia. miR-143 enhanced pGC apoptosis by targeting FSHR, and reduced the levels of intracellular signaling molecules. SMAD4, the final molecule in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling, bound to the promoter and induced significant downregulation of miR-143 in vitro and in vivo. Activated TGF-β signaling rescued miR-143-reduced FSHR and intracellular signaling molecules, and miR-143-induced pGC apoptosis. Overall, our findings offer evidence to explain how TGF-β signaling influences and FSHR signaling for regulation of pGC apoptosis and follicular atresia by a specific microRNA, miR-143.
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42
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Uterine and ovarian changes during testosterone administration in young female-to-male transsexuals. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55:686-691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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43
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Outstanding research paper awards of the 2015 Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 55:623-624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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44
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Ubba V, Soni UK, Chadchan S, Maurya VK, Kumar V, Maurya R, Chaturvedi H, Singh R, Dwivedi A, Jha RK. RHOG-DOCK1-RAC1 Signaling Axis Is Perturbed in DHEA-Induced Polycystic Ovary in Rat Model. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:738-752. [PMID: 27662902 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116669057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The function of RHOG, a RAC1 activator, was explored in the ovary during ovarian follicular development and pathological conditions. With the help of immunoblotting and immunolocalization, we determined the expression and localization of RHOG in normal (estrous cycle) and polycystic ovaries using Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. Employing polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry, we analyzed the transcript and expression levels of downstream molecules of RHOG, DOCK1, and RAC1 in the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) ovary along with normal antral follicular theca and granulosa cells after dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation. The effect of RHOG knockdown on DOCK1, VAV, and RAC1 expression was evaluated in the human ovarian cells (SKOV3), theca cells, and granulosa cells from SD rats with the help of flow cytometry. Oocyte at secondary follicles along with stromal cells showed optimal expression of RHOG. Immunoblotting of RHOG revealed its maximum expression at diestrus and proestrus, which was downregulated at estrus stage. Mild immunostaining of RHOG was also present in the theca and granulosa cells of the secondary and antral follicles. Polycystic ovary exhibited weak immunostaining for RHOG and that was corroborated by immunoblotting-based investigations. RHOG effectors DOCK1 and ELMO1 were found reduced in the ovary in PCOS condition/DHEA. RHOG silencing reduced the expression of DOCK1 and RAC1 in the theca and granulosa cells from SD rat antral follicles and that was mirrored in the human ovarian cells. Collectively, RHOG can mediate signaling through downstream effectors DOCK1 and RAC1 during ovarian follicular development (theca and granulosa cells and oocyte), but DHEA downregulated them in the PCOS ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhave Ubba
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Upendra Kumar Soni
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sangappa Chadchan
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vineet Kumar Maurya
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Ruchika Maurya
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Himanshu Chaturvedi
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajender Singh
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Anila Dwivedi
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Jha
- 1 Endocrinology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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45
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Du X, Li Q, Pan Z, Li Q. Androgen receptor and miRNA-126* axis controls follicle-stimulating hormone receptor expression in porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Reproduction 2016; 152:161-9. [PMID: 27222597 DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Androgen, which acts via the androgen receptor (AR), plays crucial roles in mammalian ovarian function. Recent studies showed that androgen/AR signaling regulates follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) expression in follicles; however, the detailed mechanism underlying this regulation remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that AR and miR-126* cooperate to inhibit FSHR expression and function in pig follicular granulosa cells (pGCs). In pGCs, overexpression of AR decreased, whereas knockdown increased, FSHR mRNA and protein expression; however, neither manipulation affected FSHR promoter activity. Using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we found that the FSHR gene is a direct target of miR-126*, which inhibits FSHR expression and increases the rate of AR-induced apoptosis in pGCs. Collectively, our data show for the first time that the AR/miR-126* axis exerts synergetic effects in the regulation of FSHR expression and apoptosis in pGCs. Our findings thus define a novel pathway, AR/miR-126*/FSHR, that regulates mammalian GC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Du
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiqi Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zengxiang Pan
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qifa Li
- College of Animal Science and TechnologyNanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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46
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Donaubauer EM, Hunzicker-Dunn ME. Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase (ERK)-dependent Phosphorylation of Y-Box-binding Protein 1 (YB-1) Enhances Gene Expression in Granulosa Cells in Response to Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12145-60. [PMID: 27080258 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.705368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the ovarian follicle, immature oocytes are surrounded and supported by granulosa cells (GCs). Stimulation of GCs by FSH leads to their proliferation and differentiation, events that are necessary for fertility. FSH activates multiple signaling pathways to regulate genes necessary for follicular maturation. Herein, we investigated the role of Y-box-binding protein-1 (YB-1) within GCs. YB-1 is a nucleic acid binding protein that regulates transcription and translation. Our results show that FSH promotes an increase in the phosphorylation of YB-1 on Ser(102) within 15 min that is maintained at significantly increased levels until ∼8 h post treatment. FSH-stimulated phosphorylation of YB-1(Ser(102)) is prevented by pretreatment of GCs with the PKA-selective inhibitor PKA inhibitor (PKI), the MEK inhibitor PD98059, or the ribosomal S6 kinase-2 (RSK-2) inhibitor BI-D1870. Thus, phosphorylation of YB-1 on Ser(102) is PKA-, ERK-, and RSK-2-dependent. However, pretreatment of GCs with the protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) inhibitor tautomycin increased phosphorylation of YB-1(Ser(102)) in the absence of FSH; FSH did not further increase YB-1(Ser(102)) phosphorylation. This result suggests that the major effect of RSK-2 is to inhibit PP1 rather than to directly phosphorylate YB-1 on Ser(102) YB-1 coimmunoprecipitated with PP1β catalytic subunit and RSK-2. Transduction of GCs with the dephospho-adenoviral-YB-1(S102A) mutant prevented the induction by FSH of Egfr, Cyp19a1, Inha, Lhcgr, Cyp11a1, Hsd17b1, and Pappa mRNAs and estradiol-17β production. Collectively, our results reveal that phosphorylation of YB-1 on Ser(102) via the ERK/RSK-2 signaling pathway is necessary for FSH-mediated expression of target genes required for maturation of follicles to a preovulatory phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyse M Donaubauer
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
| | - Mary E Hunzicker-Dunn
- From the School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164
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47
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Chen MJ, Ho HN. Hepatic manifestations of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2016; 37:119-128. [PMID: 27107966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a higher prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than the general population. The link between NAFLD/NASH and PCOS is not just a coincidence. Indeed, both of these disorders comprise common risk factors, including central obesity, insulin resistance, chronic low-grade inflammation, and hyperandrogenemia. The characteristics of hyperandrogenemia in women with PCOS include elevated total and free testosterone levels and low sex hormone-binding globulin levels and are reported to be associated with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes; however, not all elevated androgen levels in women with PCOS have the same adverse effects on the liver. With the exception of weight loss and encouraging exercise in obese women, few evidence-based effective treatments target NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS. Selective antiandrogens and insulin sensitizers might be beneficial in treating NAFLD/NASH in women with PCOS, but further elucidation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jou Chen
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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