1
|
Páníková T, Mitrová K, Halamová T, Mrzílková K, Pícha J, Chrudinová M, Kurochka A, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Jiráček J. Insulin Analogues with Altered Insulin Receptor Isoform Binding Specificities and Enhanced Aggregation Stabilities. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14848-14859. [PMID: 34591477 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a lifesaver for millions of diabetic patients. There is a need for new insulin analogues with more physiological profiles and analogues that will be thermally more stable than human insulin. Here, we describe the chemical engineering of 48 insulin analogues that were designed to have changed binding specificities toward isoforms A and B of the insulin receptor (IR-A and IR-B). We systematically modified insulin at the C-terminus of the B-chain, at the N-terminus of the A-chain, and at A14 and A18 positions. We discovered an insulin analogue that has Cα-carboxyamidated Glu at B31 and Ala at B29 and that has a more than 3-fold-enhanced binding specificity in favor of the "metabolic" IR-B isoform. The analogue is more resistant to the formation of insulin fibrils at 37 °C and is also more efficient in mice than human insulin. Therefore, [AlaB29,GluB31,amideB31]-insulin may be interesting for further clinical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Terezie Páníková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Mitrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Halamová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Mrzílková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrii Kurochka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 116 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiráček J, Žáková L, Marek A. Radiolabeled hormones in insulin research, a minireview. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:576-581. [PMID: 32909277 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Preparation of both 125 I-labeled insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was critical because it enabled a detailed characterization of binding properties of these important hormones towards their cognate transmembrane receptors. Binding modes of hundreds of hormone derivatives were analyzed using competition radioligand binding assays. This effort has resulted in development of six insulin analogs that are today clinically used for the treatment of diabetes. Here, we will briefly summarize a history of insulin research employing iodinated hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Potalitsyn P, Selicharová I, Sršeň K, Radosavljević J, Marek A, Nováková K, Jiráček J, Žáková L. A radioligand binding assay for the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238393. [PMID: 32877466 PMCID: PMC7467306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factors 2 and 1 (IGF2 and IGF1) and insulin are closely related hormones that are responsible for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, development and growth of the organism. Physiological functions of insulin and IGF1 are relatively well-studied, but information about the role of IGF2 in the body is still sparse. Recent discoveries called attention to emerging functions of IGF2 in the brain, where it could be involved in processes of learning and memory consolidation. It was also proposed that these functions could be mediated by the receptor for IGF2 (IGF2R). Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of signal transduction through this receptor. Here we produced His-tagged domain 11 (D11), an IGF2-binding element of IGF2R; we immobilized it on the solid support through a well-defined sandwich, consisting of neutravidin, biotin and synthetic anti-His-tag antibodies. Next, we prepared specifically radiolabeled [125I]-monoiodotyrosyl-Tyr2-IGF2 and optimized a sensitive and robust competitive radioligand binding assay for determination of the nanomolar binding affinities of hormones for D11 of IGF2. The assay will be helpful for the characterization of new IGF2 mutants to study the functions of IGF2R and the development of new compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kryštof Sršeň
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Radosavljević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Marek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Nováková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Macháčková K, Mlčochová K, Potalitsyn P, Hanková K, Socha O, Buděšínský M, Muždalo A, Lepšík M, Černeková M, Radosavljević J, Fábry M, Mitrová K, Chrudinová M, Lin J, Yurenko Y, Hobza P, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Jiráček J. Mutations at hypothetical binding site 2 in insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 result in receptor- and hormone-specific responses. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17371-17382. [PMID: 31558604 PMCID: PMC6873181 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Information on how insulin and insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGF-1 and -2) activate insulin receptors (IR-A and -B) and the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is crucial for understanding the difference in the biological activities of these peptide hormones. Cryo-EM studies have revealed that insulin uses its binding sites 1 and 2 to interact with IR-A and have identified several critical residues in binding site 2. However, mutagenesis studies suggest that Ile-A10, Ser-A12, Leu-A13, and Glu-A17 also belong to insulin's site 2. Here, to resolve this discrepancy, we mutated these insulin residues and the equivalent residues in IGFs. Our findings revealed that equivalent mutations in the hormones can result in differential biological effects and that these effects can be receptor-specific. We noted that the insulin positions A10 and A17 are important for its binding to IR-A and IR-B and IGF-1R and that A13 is important only for IR-A and IR-B binding. The IGF-1/IGF-2 positions 51/50 and 54/53 did not appear to play critical roles in receptor binding, but mutations at IGF-1 position 58 and IGF-2 position 57 affected the binding. We propose that IGF-1 Glu-58 interacts with IGF-1R Arg-704 and belongs to IGF-1 site 1, a finding supported by the NMR structure of the less active Asp-58–IGF-1 variant. Computational analyses indicated that the aforementioned mutations can affect internal insulin dynamics and inhibit adoption of a receptor-bound conformation, important for binding to receptor site 1. We provide a molecular model and alternative hypotheses for how the mutated insulin residues affect activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Mlčochová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Hanková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Socha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Anja Muždalo
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lepšík
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Černeková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Radosavljević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 37 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Mitrová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jingjing Lin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yevgen Yurenko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brunel FM, Mayer JP, Gelfanov VM, Zaykov AN, Finan B, Perez-Tilve D, DiMarchi RD. A Disulfide Scan of Insulin by [3 + 1] Methodology Exhibits Site-Specific Influence on Bioactivity. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1829-1835. [PMID: 31343157 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is the principal hormone involved in the regulation of metabolism and has served a seminal role in the treatment of diabetes. Building upon advances in insulin synthetic methodology, we have developed a straightforward route to novel insulins containing a fourth disulfide bond in a [3 + 1] fashion establishing the first disulfide scan of the hormone. All the targeted analogs accommodated the constraint to demonstrate an unexpected conformational flexibility of native insulin. The bioactivity was established for the constrained (4-DS) and unconstrained (3-DS) analogs by in vitro methods, and extended to in vivo study for select peptides. We also identified residue B10 as a preferred anchor to introduce a tether that would regulate insulin bioactivity. We believe that the described [3 + 1] methodology might constitute the preferred approach for performing similar disulfide scanning in peptides that contain multiple disulfides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florence M. Brunel
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - John P. Mayer
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Vasily M. Gelfanov
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | | | - Brian Finan
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
| | - Diego Perez-Tilve
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, United States
| | - Richard D. DiMarchi
- Novo Nordisk Research Center, Indianapolis, Indiana 46241, United States
- Department, of Chemistry,Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fabre B, Pícha J, Selicharová I, Žáková L, Chrudinová M, Hajduch J, Jiráček J. Probing Tripodal Peptide Scaffolds as Insulin and IGF-1 Receptor Ligands. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hajduch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i.; Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 6 Praha Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Macháčková K, Chrudinová M, Radosavljević J, Potalitsyn P, Křížková K, Fábry M, Selicharová I, Collinsová M, Brzozowski AM, Žáková L, Jiráček J. Converting Insulin-like Growth Factors 1 and 2 into High-Affinity Ligands for Insulin Receptor Isoform A by the Introduction of an Evolutionarily Divergent Mutation. Biochemistry 2018; 57:2373-2382. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jelena Radosavljević
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlo Potalitsyn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Křížková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 37 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Macháčková K, Collinsová M, Chrudinová M, Selicharová I, Pícha J, Buděšínský M, Vaněk V, Žáková L, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J. Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Analogs Clicked in the C Domain: Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activities. J Med Chem 2017; 60:10105-10117. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Belfiore A, Malaguarnera R, Vella V, Lawrence MC, Sciacca L, Frasca F, Morrione A, Vigneri R. Insulin Receptor Isoforms in Physiology and Disease: An Updated View. Endocr Rev 2017; 38:379-431. [PMID: 28973479 PMCID: PMC5629070 DOI: 10.1210/er.2017-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The insulin receptor (IR) gene undergoes differential splicing that generates two IR isoforms, IR-A and IR-B. The physiological roles of IR isoforms are incompletely understood and appear to be determined by their different binding affinities for insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), particularly for IGF-2. Predominant roles of IR-A in prenatal growth and development and of IR-B in metabolic regulation are well established. However, emerging evidence indicates that the differential expression of IR isoforms may also help explain the diversification of insulin and IGF signaling and actions in various organs and tissues by involving not only different ligand-binding affinities but also different membrane partitioning and trafficking and possibly different abilities to interact with a variety of molecular partners. Of note, dysregulation of the IR-A/IR-B ratio is associated with insulin resistance, aging, and increased proliferative activity of normal and neoplastic tissues and appears to sustain detrimental effects. This review discusses novel information that has generated remarkable progress in our understanding of the physiology of IR isoforms and their role in disease. We also focus on novel IR ligands and modulators that should now be considered as an important strategy for better and safer treatment of diabetes and cancer and possibly other IR-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Belfiore
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Malaguarnera
- Endocrinology, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Veronica Vella
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University Kore of Enna, via della Cooperazione, 94100 Enna, Italy
| | - Michael C. Lawrence
- Structural Biology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Laura Sciacca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Frasca
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Morrione
- Department of Urology and Biology of Prostate Cancer Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Riccardo Vigneri
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122 Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Adams GG, Alzahrani Q, Jiwani SI, Meal A, Morgan PS, Coffey F, Kok S, Rowe AJ, Harding SE, Chayen N, Gillis RB. Glargine and degludec: Solution behaviour of higher dose synthetic insulins. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7287. [PMID: 28779138 PMCID: PMC5544765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Single, double and triple doses of the synthetic insulins glargine and degludec currently used in patient therapy are characterised using macromolecular hydrodynamic techniques (dynamic light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation) in an attempt to provide the basis for improved personalised insulin profiling in patients with diabetes. Using dynamic light scattering and sedimentation velocity in the analytical ultracentrifuge glargine was shown to be primarily dimeric under solvent conditions used in current formulations whereas degludec behaved as a dihexamer with evidence of further association of the hexamers ("multi-hexamerisation"). Further analysis by sedimentation equilibrium showed that degludec exhibited reversible interaction between mono- and-di-hexamer forms. Unlike glargine, degludec showed strong thermodynamic non-ideality, but this was suppressed by the addition of salt. With such large injectable doses of synthetic insulins remaining in the physiological system for extended periods of time, in some case 24-40 hours, double and triple dose insulins may impact adversely on personalised insulin profiling in patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary G Adams
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Qushmua Alzahrani
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Shahwar I Jiwani
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Andrew Meal
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Paul S Morgan
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Frank Coffey
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samil Kok
- Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Engineering & Architecture, Department of Food Engineering, Gölköy Bolu, Turkey
| | - Arthur J Rowe
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen E Harding
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Naomi Chayen
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Surgery & Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Richard B Gillis
- The University of Nottingham, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
- The University of Nottingham, School of Biosciences, National Centre for Macromolecular Hydrodynamics (NCMH), Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ye L, Maji S, Sanghera N, Gopalasingam P, Gorbunov E, Tarasov S, Epstein O, Klein-Seetharaman J. Structure and dynamics of the insulin receptor: implications for receptor activation and drug discovery. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1092-1102. [PMID: 28476537 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, major progress has been made in uncovering the mechanisms of how insulin engages its receptor and modulates downstream signal transduction. Here, we present in detail the current structural knowledge surrounding the individual components of the complex, binding sites, and dynamics during the activation process. A novel kinase triggering mechanism, the 'bow-arrow model', is proposed based on current knowledge and computational simulations of this system, in which insulin, after its initial interaction with binding site 1, engages with site 2 between the fibronectin type III (FnIII)-1 and -2 domains, which changes the conformation of FnIII-3 and eventually translates into structural changes across the membrane. This model provides a new perspective on the process of insulin binding to its receptor and, thus, could lead to future novel drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Libin Ye
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Suvrajit Maji
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Narinder Sanghera
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health & Systems, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Piraveen Gopalasingam
- Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health & Systems, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Evgeniy Gorbunov
- OOO 'NPF 'MATERIA MEDICA HOLDING', 47-1, Trifonovskaya St, Moscow 129272, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey Tarasov
- OOO 'NPF 'MATERIA MEDICA HOLDING', 47-1, Trifonovskaya St, Moscow 129272, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Epstein
- The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8, Baltiyskaya St, 125315 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Judith Klein-Seetharaman
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA; Division of Metabolic and Vascular Health & Systems, Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mohammadiarani H, Vashisth H. Insulin mimetic peptide S371 folds into a helical structure. J Comput Chem 2017; 38:1158-1166. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.24746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Chemical Engineering; University of New Hampshire; Durham New Hampshire
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Pícha J, Buděšínský M, Macháčková K, Collinsová M, Jiráček J. Optimized syntheses of Fmoc azido amino acids for the preparation of azidopeptides. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:202-214. [PMID: 28120383 PMCID: PMC5347871 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rise of CuI‐catalyzed click chemistry has initiated an increased demand for azido and alkyne derivatives of amino acid as precursors for the synthesis of clicked peptides. However, the use of azido and alkyne amino acids in peptide chemistry is complicated by their high cost. For this reason, we investigated the possibility of the in‐house preparation of a set of five Fmoc azido amino acids: β‐azido l‐alanine and d‐alanine, γ‐azido l‐homoalanine, δ‐azido l‐ornithine and ω‐azido l‐lysine. We investigated several reaction pathways described in the literature, suggested several improvements and proposed several alternative routes for the synthesis of these compounds in high purity. Here, we demonstrate that multigram quantities of these Fmoc azido amino acids can be prepared within a week or two and at user‐friendly costs. We also incorporated these azido amino acids into several model tripeptides, and we observed the formation of a new elimination product of the azido moiety upon conditions of prolonged couplings with 2‐(1H‐benzotriazol‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate/DIPEA. We hope that our detailed synthetic protocols will inspire some peptide chemists to prepare these Fmoc azido acids in their laboratories and will assist them in avoiding the too extensive costs of azidopeptide syntheses. Experimental procedures and/or analytical data for compounds 3–5, 20, 25, 26, 30 and 43–47 are provided in the supporting information. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Peptide Science published by European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Macháčková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jiráček J, Žáková L. Structural Perspectives of Insulin Receptor Isoform-Selective Insulin Analogs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:167. [PMID: 28798723 PMCID: PMC5529358 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant drawback of the exogenous administration of insulin to diabetics is the non-physiological profile of insulin action resulting in the insufficient suppression of hepatic glucose production, which is the main contributing factor to diabetic hyperglycemia under fasting conditions and the basis of the challenge to restore a more physiological glucose profile in diabetes. The insulin receptor (IR) exists in two alternatively spliced variants, IR-A and IR-B, with different tissue distribution. While peripheral tissues contain different proportions of both isoforms, hepatic cells almost exclusively contain IR-B. In this respect, IR-B-selective insulin analogs would be of great interest for their potential to restore more natural metabolic homeostasis in diabetes. Recent advances in the structural biology of insulin and IR have provided new clues for understanding the interaction of both proteins. This article discusses and offers some structural perspectives for the design of specific insulin analogs with a preferential binding to IR-B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- *Correspondence: Jiří Jiráček,
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fabre B, Pícha J, Vaněk V, Selicharová I, Chrudinová M, Collinsová M, Žáková L, Buděšínský M, Jiráček J. Synthesis and Evaluation of a Library of Trifunctional Scaffold-Derived Compounds as Modulators of the Insulin Receptor. ACS COMBINATORIAL SCIENCE 2016; 18:710-722. [PMID: 27936668 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.6b00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We designed a combinatorial library of trifunctional scaffold-derived compounds, which were derivatized with 30 different in-house-made azides. The compounds were proposed to mimic insulin receptor (IR)-binding epitopes in the insulin molecule and bind to and activate this receptor. This work has enabled us to test our synthetic and biological methodology and to prove its robustness and reliability for the solid-phase synthesis and testing of combinatorial libraries of the trifunctional scaffold-derived compounds. Our effort resulted in the discovery of two compounds, which were able to weakly induce the autophosphorylation of IR and weakly bind to this receptor at a 0.1 mM concentration. Despite these modest biological results, which well document the well-known difficulty in modulating protein-protein interactions, this study represents a unique example of targeting the IR with a set of nonpeptide compounds that were specifically designed and synthesized for this purpose. We believe that this work can open new perspectives for the development of next-generation insulin mimetics based on the scaffold structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Fabre
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 16610 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hexnerová R, Křížková K, Fábry M, Sieglová I, Kedrová K, Collinsová M, Ullrichová P, Srb P, Williams C, Crump MP, Tošner Z, Jiráček J, Veverka V, Žáková L. Probing Receptor Specificity by Sampling the Conformational Space of the Insulin-like Growth Factor II C-domain. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21234-21245. [PMID: 27510031 PMCID: PMC5076530 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.741041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factors I and II are closely related protein hormones. Their distinct evolution has resulted in different yet overlapping biological functions with insulin becoming a key regulator of metabolism, whereas insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I/II are major growth factors. Insulin and IGFs cross-bind with different affinities to closely related insulin receptor isoforms A and B (IR-A and IR-B) and insulin-like growth factor type I receptor (IGF-1R). Identification of structural determinants in IGFs and insulin that trigger their specific signaling pathways is of increasing importance in designing receptor-specific analogs with potential therapeutic applications. Here, we developed a straightforward protocol for production of recombinant IGF-II and prepared six IGF-II analogs with IGF-I-like mutations. All modified molecules exhibit significantly reduced affinity toward IR-A, particularly the analogs with a Pro-Gln insertion in the C-domain. Moreover, one of the analogs has enhanced binding affinity for IGF-1R due to a synergistic effect of the Pro-Gln insertion and S29N point mutation. Consequently, this analog has almost a 10-fold higher IGF-1R/IR-A binding specificity in comparison with native IGF-II. The established IGF-II purification protocol allowed for cost-effective isotope labeling required for a detailed NMR structural characterization of IGF-II analogs that revealed a link between the altered binding behavior of selected analogs and conformational rearrangement of their C-domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rozálie Hexnerová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Květoslava Křížková
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Fábry
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic, and
| | - Irena Sieglová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Kedrová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Ullrichová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Christopher Williams
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P Crump
- Department of Organic and Biological Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - Zdeněk Tošner
- Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Albertov 6, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Veverka
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic,
| | - Lenka Žáková
- From the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo nám 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic,
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Křížková K, Chrudinová M, Povalová A, Selicharová I, Collinsová M, Vaněk V, Brzozowski AM, Jiráček J, Žáková L. Insulin–Insulin-like Growth Factors Hybrids as Molecular Probes of Hormone:Receptor Binding Specificity. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2903-13. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Květoslava Křížková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science,
Department of Biochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Chrudinová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science,
Department of Biochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Povalová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science,
Department of Biochemistry, Hlavova 8, 128 43 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Selicharová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Collinsová
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Vaněk
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej M. Brzozowski
- York
Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Jiří Jiráček
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Žáková
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic v.v.i., Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pandyarajan V, Phillips NB, Rege N, Lawrence MC, Whittaker J, Weiss MA. Contribution of TyrB26 to the Function and Stability of Insulin: STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS AT A CONSERVED HORMONE-RECEPTOR INTERFACE. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:12978-90. [PMID: 27129279 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.708347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystallographic studies of insulin bound to receptor domains have defined the primary hormone-receptor interface. We investigated the role of Tyr(B26), a conserved aromatic residue at this interface. To probe the evolutionary basis for such conservation, we constructed 18 variants at B26. Surprisingly, non-aromatic polar or charged side chains (such as Glu, Ser, or ornithine (Orn)) conferred high activity, whereas the weakest-binding analogs contained Val, Ile, and Leu substitutions. Modeling of variant complexes suggested that the B26 side chains pack within a shallow depression at the solvent-exposed periphery of the interface. This interface would disfavor large aliphatic side chains. The analogs with highest activity exhibited reduced thermodynamic stability and heightened susceptibility to fibrillation. Perturbed self-assembly was also demonstrated in studies of the charged variants (Orn and Glu); indeed, the Glu(B26) analog exhibited aberrant aggregation in either the presence or absence of zinc ions. Thus, although Tyr(B26) is part of insulin's receptor-binding surface, our results suggest that its conservation has been enjoined by the aromatic ring's contributions to native stability and self-assembly. We envisage that such classical structural relationships reflect the implicit threat of toxic misfolding (rather than hormonal function at the receptor level) as a general evolutionary determinant of extant protein sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael C Lawrence
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | - Michael A Weiss
- From the Departments of Biochemistry, Medicine, and Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106,
| |
Collapse
|