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Luo X, Xing W, Delcheva I, Abdullah Alrashaidi F, Heydari A, Palms D, Truong VK, Vasilev K, Jia Z, Zhang W, Su P, Vimalanathan K, Igder A, Weiss GA, Tang Y, MacGregor M, Raston CL. Printable Hydrogel Arrays for Portable and High-Throughput Shear-Mediated Assays. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37339239 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have been widely used to entrap biomolecules for various biocatalytic reactions. However, solute diffusion in these matrices to initiate such reactions can be a very slow process. Conventional mixing remains a challenge as it can cause irreversible distortion or fragmentation of the hydrogel itself. To overcome the diffusion-limit, a shear-stress-mediated platform named the portable vortex-fluidic device (P-VFD) is developed. P-VFD is a portable platform which consists of two main components, (i) a plasma oxazoline-coated polyvinyl chloride (POx-PVC) film with polyacrylamide and alginate (PAAm/Alg-Ca2+) tough hydrogel covalently bound to its surface and (ii) a reactor tube (L × D: 90 mm × 20 mm) where the aforementioned POx-PVC film could be readily inserted for reactions. Through a spotting machine, the PAAm/Alg-Ca2+ hydrogel can be readily printed on a POx-PVC film in an array pattern and up to 25.4 J/m2 adhesion energy can be achieved. The hydrogel arrays on the film not only offer a strong matrix for entrapping biomolecules such as streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase but are also shear stress-tolerant in the reactor tube, enabling a >6-fold increase in its reaction rate after adding tetramethylbenzidine, relative to incubation. Through using the tough hydrogel and its stably bonded substrate, this portable platform effectively overcomes the diffusion-limit and achieves fast assay detection without causing appreciable hydrogel array deformation or dislocation on the substrate film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Luo
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Wenjin Xing
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Iliana Delcheva
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Fayed Abdullah Alrashaidi
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, P.O. Box 2014, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Heydari
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil 56199-11367, Iran
| | - Dennis Palms
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Vi Khanh Truong
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Krasimir Vasilev
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Zhongfan Jia
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Peng Su
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Kasturi Vimalanathan
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Aghil Igder
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Gregory A Weiss
- Departments of Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Youhong Tang
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Melanie MacGregor
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Colin L Raston
- Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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Green Catalysts in the Synthesis of Biopolymers and Biomaterials. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Photopolymerization with EDTA and Riboflavin for Proteins Analysis in Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Protein J 2022; 41:438-443. [PMID: 35895218 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-022-10068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A new method for photosensitized polymerization of polyacrylamide gels was proposed. Photopolymerization of acrylamide/N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (AM/Bis) was assisted with combination of catalyst ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt dihydrate (EDTA) and photoinitiator riboflavin (RF). The prepared cross-linked AM/Bis + EDTA/RF gels were tested in electrophoretic SDS-PAGE system at high concentration of AM (20 wt%). The efficiency of these systems for electrophoretic separation of histones of human blood lymphocytes was demonstrated. In principle, such gels with small pores in the separation zone can offer advantages for resolution of proteins. The advantages of proposed method also include simple technique and possibility of gel preparation in a timely manner (for 10-15 min). However, in microporous gel systems some limitations in electroblotting technique could occur, which is particularly crucial for hydrophobic proteins.
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Zhang W, Leng X, Qi Y, Yang X, Jiang R, Yang X, Hu X, Tan Y, Zhong H. Electrophoresis of Phosphoproteins on a Tandem Polymerized Gel. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7466-7474. [PMID: 35536683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A substrate with n phosphorylated sites may have 2n phosphor-forms for temporal-spatial regulation of biological events. Because phosphates do not significantly change molecular masses but net charges of proteins, those isoforms cannot be separated by regular mass-based sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE). A tandem polymerized gel was developed to resolve phosphor-isoforms with different masses, charges, and posttranslational modifications. Without the usage of SDS, the electrophoresis was primarily performed on three adjacent acidic polyacrylamide gels. After being concentrated on a stacking gel, protonated proteins were then separated on the Zr4+ immobilized gel through the coordination of metal ions with phosphates followed by further charge and mass (z/m)-based electrophoretic separation on a TiO2 containing gel. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles in the third gel is aimed for the initiation of the polymerization of acrylamide in acidic conditions upon ultraviolet irradiation. Distinct isoforms of α-S1-casein, α-S2-casein, β-casein, and κ casein model proteins located on 11, 8, 8, and 7 different bands of the tandem gel were unambiguously identified, respectively. With the tandem polymerized gel electrophoresis, new phosphorylation events that may occur simultaneously or sequentially were discovered in not only model proteins but also complex biological samples including human saliva, chicken egg, and sprouting maize. This provides a new tool to dissect complex biological processes that are triggered by dynamic phosphorylation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyang Zhang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources Prevention and Utilization, Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiebin Leng
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Yinghua Qi
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojie Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ruowei Jiang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xuewen Hu
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Ying Tan
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China
| | - Hongying Zhong
- Laboratory of Mass Spectrometry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Pesticides and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, P. R. China.,Center for Instrumental Analysis, College of Life Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, P. R. China
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Alam S, Augustine S, Narayan T, Luong JHT, Malhotra BD, Khare SK. A Chemosensor Based on Gold Nanoparticles and Dithiothreitol (DTT) for Acrylamide Electroanalysis. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2610. [PMID: 34685051 PMCID: PMC8540553 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and simple electroanalysis of acrylamide (ACR) was feasible by a gold electrode modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and dithiothreitol (DTT) with enhanced detection sensitivity and selectivity. The roughness of bare gold (Au) increased from 0.03 μm to 0.04 μm when it was decorated with AuNPs. The self-assembly between DTT and AuNPs resulted in a surface roughness of 0.09 μm. The DTT oxidation occurred at +0.92 V. The Au/AuNPs/DTT surface exhibited a surface roughness of 0.24 μm after its exposure to ACR with repeated analysis. SEM imaging illustrated the formation of a polymer layer on the Au/AuNPs/DTT surface. Surface plasmon resonance analysis confirmed the presence of AuNPs and DTT on the gold electrode and the binding of ACR to the electrode's active surface area. The peak area obtained by differential pulse voltammetry was inversely proportional to the ACR concentrations. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) were estimated to be 3.11 × 10-9 M and 1 × 10-8 M, respectively, with wide linearity ranging from 1 × 10-8 M to 1 × 10-3 M. The estimated levels of ACR in potato chips and coffee samples by the sensor were in agreement with those of high-performance liquid chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenvaz Alam
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
| | - Shine Augustine
- Nanobioelectronic Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana, New Delhi 110042, India; (S.A.); (T.N.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Tarun Narayan
- Nanobioelectronic Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana, New Delhi 110042, India; (S.A.); (T.N.); (B.D.M.)
| | - John H. T. Luong
- School of Chemistry, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland; or
| | - Bansi Dhar Malhotra
- Nanobioelectronic Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana, New Delhi 110042, India; (S.A.); (T.N.); (B.D.M.)
| | - Sunil K. Khare
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;
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In situ reduced graphene-based aerogels embedded with gold nanoparticles for real-time humidity sensing and toxic dyes elimination. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:10. [PMID: 33389164 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04658-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid aerogels are promising candidates for energy storage, biosensing, and medical applications, but the conventional fabrication methods, being time-consuming and complex, limit their widespread utilization. The critical issues affecting their functionality include the un-controllable particle dispersity, loading of active materials, and the porosity. We report a simple and efficient method to synthesize in situ reduced Au nanoparticles@graphene (Au@graphene) hybrid aerogel using near-infrared radiation (NIR), resulting the uniform loading of well-dispersed Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs) as well as in situ reduction of graphene oxide (GO) with enhanced conductivity. The concentration of iso-propylacrylamide and GO can be adjusted to control the aerogel pore size during the freeze-drying process. Reduction of HAuCl4 and GO to high extent under NIR light was confirmed with advanced characterization techniques. Density functional theory based calculations with generalized gradient-corrected functional (GGA/PW91) in the hybrid aerogel system, and dnd basis sets are used for the confirmation of possible interactions between the GO, Au-NPs, and the polymer. The as-designed highly porous and conductive aerogel shows an excellent humidity response (30-97%) and successfully removes the methylene blue pollutant from the aqueous solution to a high extent (90%). Therefore, Au@graphene hybrid aerogel is potentially an exciting candidate for a wide range of applications in the humidity sensing and biomedical disease detection.
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Wang L, Cavaco-Paulo A, Xu B, Martins M. Polymeric Hydrogel Coating for Modulating the Shape of Keratin Fiber. Front Chem 2019; 7:749. [PMID: 31824915 PMCID: PMC6879650 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel coating was explored to modulate the shape of keratin hair fiber. The motivation was the development of an eco-friendly methodology with non-toxic chemicals to modulate keratin fiber. Polymeric hydrogel of acrylic acid and N-N-dimethylacrylamide was prepared by free-radical polymerization in aqueous solution, using nano-alumina particles as crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an initiator. Physico-chemical properties of the hydrogel was investigated by Fourier transformer infrared spectrum (FTIR), thermal analysis and swelling ratio behavior. After hydrogel coating, morphological modification was observed from straight to curly hair effect. The influence of hydrogel coating on hair fiber was evaluated by perming efficiency supported by X-ray diffraction and morphological characterization (SEM and AFM). The durability of hydrogel coating was tested until four wash processes maintaining around 65% the new configuration of the hair fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Bo Xu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Textile and Fiber Bioprocesses, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Madalena Martins
- Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Basu A, Saha A, Goodman C, Shafranek RT, Nelson A. Catalytically Initiated Gel-in-Gel Printing of Composite Hydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:40898-40904. [PMID: 29091399 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b14177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe a method to 3D print robust hydrogels and hydrogel composites via gel-in-gel 3D printing with catalytically activated polymerization to induce cross-linking. A polymerizable shear-thinning hydrogel ink with tetramethylethylenediamine as catalyst was directly extruded into a shear-thinning hydrogel support bath with ammonium persulfate as initiator in a pattern-wise manner. When the two gels came into contact, the free radicals generated by the catalyst initiated the free-radical polymerization of the hydrogel ink. Unlike photocuring, a catalyst-initiated polymerization is suitable for printing hydrogel composites of varying opacity, since it does not depend upon light penetration through the sample. The hydrogel support bath also exhibited a temperature-responsive behavior in which the gel "melted" upon cooling below 16 °C. Therefore, the printed object was easily removed by cooling the gel to a liquid state. Hydrogel composites with graphene oxide and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were successfully printed. The printed composites with MWCNTs afforded photothermally active objects, which have utility as stimuli-responsive actuators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Cassandra Goodman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Ryan T Shafranek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Liao W, Ni X. Photocatalytic decarboxylation of diacids for the initiation of free radical polymerization. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1211-1219. [PMID: 28678292 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00013h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photopolymerization, which is one of the most attractive polymerization methods, has been recently studied for the development of new photoinitiators. Herein, we use a binary mixture of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and carboxylic diacid as a novel photoinitiator to initiate the free radical polymerization of vinyl acetate (VAc). The polymerization of VAc is achieved both in aqueous medium and bulk. The initiation mechanism of TiO2/diacids is studied via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy using 13C labeled diacids as probing molecules. Further, a universal reaction mechanism is established, where the polymerization of VAc is initiated by the HOOC-R˙ radical, which is generated from the photocatalytic decarboxylation of the diacid. The polymerization kinetics results indicate that the polymerization rate is strongly dependant on the diacid structure. Compared to the use of diacids with an odd number of carbons, it is found that using diacids with an even number of carbons results in the polymerization rate reaching the maximum value faster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymer, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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