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Devi M, Sharma P, Sharma N, Kaur S, Devi M, Kaur S, Sharma K, Raghav N, Singh L, Bhatti R, Kumar M, Bhalla V. Beyond Molecular Recognition: A Perylene Bisimide Derivative as a Functional Mimic of Chlorpyrifos. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300406. [PMID: 37602577 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies of perylene bisimide derivative (PBI-SAH) have been developed which show 'turn-on' detection of chlorpyrifos in aqueous media, apple residue and blood serum. Differently from the already reported fluorescent probes for the detection of CPF, PBI-SAH assemblies also show affinity for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) which endow the PBI-SAH molecules with mixed inhibitory potential to restrict the AChE catalysed hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine (ATCh) in MG-63 cell lines (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo). The molecular docking studies support the inhibitory activity of PBI-SAH assemblies and their potential to act as safe insecticide with high benefit to harm ratio. The insecticidal potential of PBI-SAH derivative has been examined against Spodoptera litura (S. litura) and these studies demonstrate its excellent insecticidal activity (100 % mortality in nineteen days). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding development of PBI-SAH assemblies which not only detect chlorpyrifos but also mimic AChE inhibitory activity of CPF to show promising aptitude as safe insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minakshi Devi
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Neha Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Meena Devi
- Department of Zoology, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sanehdeep Kaur
- Department of Zoology, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Department of chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Neera Raghav
- Department of chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, 136119, Haryana, India
| | - Lovedeep Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Rajbir Bhatti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Centre for Advanced Study-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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Özen F, Eraslan G. Toxicokinetic of cyphenothrin in rabbits. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:31541-31550. [PMID: 35001279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Type II pyrethroids, including cyphenothrin, have a wider efficacy and spectrum of action because they have a killing effect rather than a knockdown effect on pests. For this reason, they are among the most widely used pyrethroid groups today. In addition, this group also has repellent activity. Thus, cyphenothrin is a commonly used pyrethroid, which poses an exposure/toxicity risk for living organisms. Toxicokinetic studies have an important place in predicting the toxicity risks of compounds and evaluating viable treatment options. In this study, the toxicokinetics of cyphenothrin were investigated in rabbits. The animal material of the study comprised 6-month-old female 14 New Zealand rabbits, each weighing 2-2.5 kg. The animals were randomly assigned to two groups, each of 7 animals. The rabbits in group 1 were administered a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw cyphenothrin in dimethyl sulfoxide as an intravenous bolus, while the rabbits in group 2 were administered a single dose of 2.5 mg/kg bw cyphenothrin in the same vehicle as an oral bolus. Following the administration of cyphenothrin, blood samples were taken at certain intervals from the auricular vein into heparinized tubes. Plasma cyphenothrin levels were determined by gas chromatography, using a capillary column and a micro-electron capture detector. For orally administered cyphenothrin, the plasma maximum concentration (Cmax), time to reach the maximum value (tmax), half-life (t1/2β), mean residence time (MRT), area under the curve (AUC0→∞), and bioavailability (F) values were determined as 172.28 ± 47.30 ng/ml, 1.07 ± 0.42 h, 12.95 ± 1.11 h, 17.79 ± 1.69 h, 2220.07 ± 572.02 ng/h/ml, and 29.50%, respectively. For intravenous cyphenothrin, the t1/2β, MRT and AUC0→∞ values were ascertained as 7.66 ± 0.74 h, 9.28 ± 0.62 h, and 7524.31 ± 2988.44 ng/h/ml, respectively. Although the bioavailability of cyphenothrin was limited when taken orally, its half-life and mean residence time in the body were found to be long. This suggests that high doses of this pesticide may pose a poisoning risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferhat Özen
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Health Science, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Eraslan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Sharma P, Kumar M, Bhalla V. "Metal-Free" Fluorescent Supramolecular Assemblies for Distinct Detection of Organophosphate/Organochlorine Pesticides. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19654-19660. [PMID: 32803060 PMCID: PMC7424749 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The "metal-free", easy-to-prepare fluorescent supramolecular assemblies based on anthracene/perylene bisamide (PBI) derivatives have been developed for the distinct detection of organophosphate (CPF) and organochlorine (DCN) pesticides in aqueous media. The supramolecular assemblies of anthracene derivative show rapid and highly selective "on-on" response toward organophosphate (CPF), which is attributed to the formation of CPF-induced formation of "closely packed" assemblies. A detection limit in the nanomolar range is observed for CPF. On the other hand, the inner filter effect is proposed as the mechanism for the "on-off" detection of DCN using supramolecular assemblies of the anthracene derivative. This is the first report on the development of fluorescent materials having the potential to differentiate between organophosphate and organochlorine pesticides. The assemblies of anthracene derivative 2 also act as "enzyme mimic" as organophosphate pesticide show a preferential affinity for assemblies of derivative 2 over acetylcholinesterase enzyme. Further, the real-time applications of supramolecular assemblies have also been explored for the detection of CPF and DCN in spiked water and in agricultural products such as grapes and apples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Sponsored Centre of Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Sponsored Centre of Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Vandana Bhalla
- Department of Chemistry,
UGC Sponsored Centre of Advanced Studies-II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India
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Musarurwa H, Chimuka L, Tavengwa NT. Green pre-concentration techniques during pesticide analysis in food samples. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2019; 54:770-780. [PMID: 31250698 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1633213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for determining pesticides at low concentration levels in different food matrices requires a preliminary step of pre-concentration which is considered a crucial stage. Recently, the parameter of "greenness" during sample pre-concentration of pesticides in food matrices is as important as selectivity in order to avoid using harmful organic solvents during sample preparation. Developing new green pre-concentration techniques is one of the key subjects. Thus, to reduce the impact on the environment during trace analysis of pesticides in food matrices, new developments in pre-concentration have gone in three separate directions: the search for more environmentally friendly solvents, miniaturization and development of solvent-free pre-concentration techniques. Eco-friendly solvents such as supercritical fluids, ionic liquids and natural deep eutectic solvents have been developed for use as extraction solvents during pre-concentration of pesticides in food matrices. Also, miniaturized pre-concentration techniques such as QuEChERS, dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction and hollow-fiber liquid-phase micro-extraction have been used during trace analysis of pesticides in food samples as well as solvent-free techniques such as solid-phase micro-extraction and stir bar sorptive extraction. All these developments which are aimed at ensuring that pesticide pre-concentration in different food matrices is green are critically reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Musarurwa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Venda , Thohoyandou , South Africa
| | - Luke Chimuka
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa
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Evaluation of Highly Detectable Pesticides Sprayed in Brassica napus L.: Degradation Behavior and Risk Assessment for Honeybees. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102482. [PMID: 30262759 PMCID: PMC6222740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybees are major pollinators of agricultural crops and many other plants in natural ecosystems alike. In recent years, managed honeybee colonies have decreased rapidly. The application of pesticides is hypothesized to be an important route leading to colony loss. Herein, a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method was used to determine eight highly detectable pesticides (carbendazim, prochloraz, pyrimethanil, fenpropathrin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and acetamiprid) in rape flowers. A field experiment was conducted at the recommended dose to evaluate the contact exposure risk posed to honeybees for 0–14 days after treatment. The initial residue deposits of neonicotinoids and fungicides among these compounds were 0.4–1.3 mg/kg and 11.7–32.3 mg/kg, respectively, and 6.4 mg/kg for fenpropathrin and 4.2 mg/kg for chlorpyrifos. The risk was quantified using the flower hazard quotient (FHQ) value. According to the data, we considered imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, chlorpyrifos, fenpropathrin, and prochloraz to pose an unacceptable risk to honeybees after spraying in fields, while fungicides (carbendazim and pyrimethanil) and acetamiprid posed moderate or acceptable risks to honeybees. Therefore, acetamiprid can be used instead of imidacloprid and thiamethoxam to protect rape from some insects in agriculture, and the application of prochloraz should be reduced.
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Co-Metabolic Degradation of β-Cypermethrin and 3-Phenoxybenzoic Acid by Co-Culture of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Aspergillus oryzae M-4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166796. [PMID: 27898684 PMCID: PMC5127528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation efficiency of organic contaminants and their associated metabolites by co-culture of microbes is mainly limited by toxic intermediates from co-metabolic degradation. In this study, we investigated the degradation of β-cypermethrin (β-CY) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) by co-culture of Bacillus licheniformis B-1 and Aspergillus oryzae M-4, as well as the influences of β-CY and 3-PBA metabolites on their degradation and the growth of strains B-1 and M-4. Our results indicated that 100 mg/L β-CY was degraded by 78.85%, and 3-PBA concentration was 0.05 mg/L after 72 h. Compared with using only strain B-1, the half-life (t1/2) of β-CY by using the two strains together was shortened from 84.53 h to 38.54 h, and the yield coefficient of 3-PBA was decreased from 0.846 to 0.001. At 100 mg/L of 3-PBA and gallic acid, β-CY and 3-PBA degradation were only 17.68% and 40.45%, respectively. As the toxic intermediate derived from co-metabolic degradation of β-CY by strain B-1, 3-PBA was efficiently degraded by strain M-4, and gallic acid, as the toxic intermediate from co-metabolic degradation of 3-PBA by strain M-4, was efficiently degraded by strain B-1. These results provided a promising approach for efficient biodegradation of β-CY and 3-PBA.
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