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Cai F, Dong WY, Jiang JX, Chen XL, Wang Y, Deng CY, Zhang QY. Estimation of salt intake assessed by 24-h urinary sodium level among adults speaking different dialects from the Chaoshan region of southern China. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:290-298. [PMID: 32347195 PMCID: PMC10195506 DOI: 10.1017/s136898001900507x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dietary salt intake may vary depending on different lifestyles. We aimed to estimate the different salt intakes and evaluate the knowledge and self-awareness about salt among people speaking the Teochew, Teochew-Hakka and Hakka dialects in the Chaoshan region of southern China. DESIGN The study followed a cluster sampling of residents in Chaoshan region. General characteristics, lifestyles, health status as well as knowledge and self-awareness related to salt intake were investigated using a questionnaire. Anthropometric variables as well as Na and K excretion in a 24-h urine collection were measured. SETTING Chaoshan region of China. PARTICIPANTS Four hundred fifteen adults who spoke only one of these three dialects. RESULTS The salt intake of adults who spoke the Teochew, Teochew-Hakka and Hakka dialects was 7·19 (interquartile range (IQR) 5·29-10·17), 9·03 (IQR 6·62-11·54) and 10·12 (IQR 7·61-12·82) g/d, respectively, with significant differences between Teochew and Teochew-Hakka speakers and between Teochew and Hakka speakers (both P < 0·05). The Na:K ratio for adults who spoke the three dialects was 3·00 (IQR 2·00-4·11), 3·50 (IQR 2·64-4·82) and 4·52 (IQR 3·35-5·97), respectively, and differed significantly among the groups (all P < 0·05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed increased Na:K ratio associated with hypertension (β = 0·71, P = 0·043) in Hakka speakers. Knowledge and self-awareness about salt intake were poor in this population. CONCLUSIONS Salt intake was closely related to lifestyles and was higher than the upper limit (5 g/d) recommended by the WHO in adults of Chaoshan, especially those speaking the Hakka dialect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Cai
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Ya Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Xin Jiang
- Lianshang Town Health Hospital of Chenghai District, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Li Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang-Yu Deng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Corresponding author: Email
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Al-Mendalawi MD. Metabolic Syndrome and Dyslipidemia among Nigerians with Lichen Planus: A Cross-Sectional Study - Reader's Question. Indian J Dermatol 2020; 65:228-229. [PMID: 32565568 PMCID: PMC7292450 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_447_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood D Al-Mendalawi
- Professor in Pediatrics and Child Health, Consultant Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics, Al-Kindy College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. E-mail:
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Ebrahimi H, Emamian MH, Khosravi A, Hashemi H, Fotouhi A. Comparison of the accuracy of three diagnostic criteria and estimating the prevalence of metabolic syndrome: A latent class analysis. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:108. [PMID: 31949459 PMCID: PMC6950349 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_858_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a growing public health problem with a worldwide distribution, and its prevalence is rapidly increasing worldwide. Hence, this study aimed to compare the prevalence of MetS based on the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) diagnostic criteria. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 4737 people aged 45–69 years were enrolled in the 2nd phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study. We evaluated the prevalence of MetS with 95% confidence intervals by age and sex groups and according to MetS components. The accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of these three methods was compared using latent class analysis. Finally, kappa statistic was used to determine the agreement between the diagnostic methods. Results: The prevalence of MetS varied from a minimum of 47.2% (as defined by the AACE) to a maximum of 60.0% (as defined by the IDF). The sensitivity of the three diagnostic methods of IDF, NCEP ATP III, and AACE was 98.9%, 94.4%, and 91.1%, respectively, and the specificity of these three methods was 94.6%, 97.0%, and 98.4%, respectively. Moreover, the highest agreement was found between the definition of the IDF and the NCEP ATP III. Conclusion: The IDF diagnostic method has a higher sensitivity for the diagnosis of MetS in Iranian middle-aged people. It is recommended to use this method for identifying more people at risk of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ebrahimi
- Randomized Controlled Trial Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ahmad Khosravi
- Center for Health-Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guo X, Yang Q, Zhang W, Chen Y, Ren J, Gao A. Associations of blood levels of trace elements and heavy metals with metabolic syndrome in Chinese male adults with microRNA as mediators involved. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:66-73. [PMID: 30771749 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global health problem with an increasing prevalence. However, effects of trace elements and heavy metals on MetS and the mechanism underlying this effect are poorly understood. A preliminary cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. Significantly higher blood concentrations of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and selenium (Se) were observed in the MetS group. With a priori adjustment for age, the concentration of Cu and Se in the blood was associated with a 2.56 - fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11, 5.92] and 3.31 - fold (95% CI, 1.4, 7.82) increased risk of MetS, respectively. Moreover, increased blood Se concentrations were associated with body mass index (BMI) [odds ratio (OR): 2.56; 95% CI, 1.11, 5.93], high blood pressure [for both systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP and DBP); OR: 3.82; 95% CI, 1.47, 7.31 for SBP and OR: 2.56; 95% CI, 1.18, 5.59 for DBP], and hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 3.3; 95% CI, 1.51, 7.2). In addition, the expression of miR-21-5p, miR-122-5p, and miR-146a-5p was significantly higher in subjects with MetS than those without MetS. Increased expression of miR-21-5p was significantly associated with increased SBP (β = 5.28; 95% CI, 0.63, 9.94) and DBP (β = 4.17; 95% CI, 0.68, 7.66). Moreover, Cu was positively associated with miR-21-5p (β = 3.02; 95% CI, 0.07, 5.95), whereas Se was positively associated with miR-122-5p (β = 2.7; 95% CI, 0.64, 4.76). The bootstrapping mediation models indicated that miR-21-5p partially mediated the relationships between Cu level and SBP/DBP. This study suggested that Cu and Se were both associated with MetS, and miR-21-5p participated in the development of MetS associated with Cu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Guo
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Qiaoyun Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, PR China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Preventive Medicine Education (Tianjin Medical University), Tianjin, 300070, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Yujiao Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Jing Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China
| | - Ai Gao
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, PR China.
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Wen Y, Pi FH, Guo P, Dong WY, Xie YQ, Wang XY, Xia FF, Pang SJ, Wu YC, Wang YY, Zhang QY. Sleep duration, daytime napping, markers of obstructive sleep apnea and stroke in a population of southern China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34689. [PMID: 27698374 PMCID: PMC5048149 DOI: 10.1038/srep34689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep habits are associated with stroke in western populations, but this relation has been rarely investigated in China. Moreover, the differences among stroke subtypes remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the associations of total stroke, including ischemic and hemorrhagic type, with sleep habits of a population in southern China. We performed a case-control study in patients admitted to the hospital with first stroke and community control subjects. A total of 333 patients (n = 223, 67.0%, with ischemic stroke; n = 110, 23.0%, with hemorrhagic stroke) and 547 controls were enrolled in the study. Participants completed a structured questionnaire to identify sleep habits and other stroke risk factors. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) and multiple logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors of disease. Incidence of stroke, and its subtypes, was significantly associated with snorting/gasping, snoring, sleep duration, and daytime napping. Snorting/gasping was identified as an important risk factor in the Lasso logistic regression model (Lasso' β = 0.84), and the result was proven to be robust. This study showed the association between stroke and sleep habits in the southern Chinese population and might help in better detecting important sleep-related factors for stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Fu-Hua Pi
- Department of Sports, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Pi Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Wen-Ya Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yu-Qing Xie
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Fang-Fang Xia
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Shao-Jie Pang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wu
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Wang
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
| | - Qing-Ying Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China
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