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Yang S, Wan M, Cheng X, Cheng Q, Shen H. A 14-3-3 Protein Ca16R Acts Positively in Pepper Immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum by Interacting with CaASR1. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1289. [PMID: 38794360 PMCID: PMC11125135 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Although 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in plant growth, development, and stress response, their roles in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum remain poorly understood. In this study, a 14-3-3-encoding gene in pepper, Ca16R, was found to be upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI), its silencing significantly reduced the resistance of pepper plants to RSI, and its overexpression significantly enhanced the resistance of Nicotiana benthamiana to RSI. Consistently, its transient overexpression in pepper leaves triggered HR cell death, indicating that it acts positively in pepper immunity against RSI, and it was further found to act positively in pepper immunity against RSI by promoting SA but repressing JA signaling. Ca16R was also found to interact with CaASR1, originally using pull-down combined with a spectrum assay, and then confirmed using bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and a pull-down assay. Furthermore, we found that CaASR1 transient overexpression induced HR cell death and SA-dependent immunity while repressing JA signaling, although this induction and repression was blocked by Ca16R silencing. All these data indicate that Ca16R acts positively in pepper immunity against RSI by interacting with CaASR1, thereby promoting SA-mediated immunity while repressing JA signaling. These results provide new insight into mechanisms underlying pepper immunity against RSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Meiyun Wan
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Xingge Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (M.W.); (X.C.)
| | - Qing Cheng
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Huolin Shen
- Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
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Cheng X, Wan M, Song Y, Liu Q, Hu X, Chen X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Wu R, Lu Q, Huang Y, Lv J, Cai W, Guan D, Yang S, He S. CaSTH2 disables CaWRKY40 from activating pepper thermotolerance and immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum via physical interaction. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae066. [PMID: 38725461 PMCID: PMC11079491 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
CaWRKY40 coordinately activates pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) and high temperature stress (HTS), forms positive feedback loops with other positive regulators and is promoted by CaWRKY27b/CaWRKY28 through physical interactions; however, whether and how it is regulated by negative regulators to function appropriately remain unclear. Herein, we provide evidence that CaWRKY40 is repressed by a SALT TOLERANCE HOMOLOG2 in pepper (CaSTH2). Our data from gene silencing and transient overexpression in pepper and epoptic overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants showed that CaSTH2 acted as negative regulator in immunity against RSI and thermotolerance. Our data from BiFC, CoIP, pull down, and MST indicate that CaSTH2 interacted with CaWRKY40, by which CaWRKY40 was prevented from activating immunity or thermotolerance-related genes. It was also found that CaSTH2 repressed CaWRKY40 at least partially through blocking interaction of CaWRKY40 with CaWRKY27b/CaWRKY28, but not through directly repressing binding of CaWRKY40 to its target genes. The results of study provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying the coordination of pepper immunity and thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingge Cheng
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Meiyun Wan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuqiu Song
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qian Liu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiaohui Hu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiufang Chen
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xujing Zhang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yu Huang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jingang Lv
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - WeiWei Cai
- College of of Horticultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Mou S, He W, Jiang H, Meng Q, Zhang T, Liu Z, Qiu A, He S. Transcription factor CaHDZ15 promotes pepper basal thermotolerance by activating HEAT SHOCK FACTORA6a. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:812-831. [PMID: 38270532 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
High temperature stress (HTS) is a serious threat to plant growth and development and to crop production in the context of global warming, and plant response to HTS is largely regulated at the transcriptional level by the actions of various transcription factors (TFs). However, whether and how homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) TFs are involved in thermotolerance are unclear. Herein, we functionally characterized a pepper (Capsicum annuum) HD-Zip I TF CaHDZ15. CaHDZ15 expression was upregulated by HTS and abscisic acid in basal thermotolerance via loss- and gain-of-function assays by virus-induced gene silencing in pepper and overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. CaHDZ15 acted positively in pepper basal thermotolerance by directly targeting and activating HEAT SHOCK FACTORA6a (HSFA6a), which further activated CaHSFA2. In addition, CaHDZ15 interacted with HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 70-2 (CaHsp70-2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase1 (CaGAPC1), both of which positively affected pepper thermotolerance. CaHsp70-2 and CaGAPC1 promoted CaHDZ15 binding to the promoter of CaHSFA6a, thus enhancing its transcription. Furthermore, CaHDZ15 and CaGAPC1 were protected from 26S proteasome-mediated degradation by CaHsp70-2 via physical interaction. These results collectively indicate that CaHDZ15, modulated by the interacting partners CaGAPC1 and CaHsp70-2, promotes basal thermotolerance by directly activating the transcript of CaHSFA6a. Thus, a molecular linkage is established among CaHsp70-2, CaGAPC1, and CaHDZ15 to transcriptionally modulate CaHSFA6a in pepper thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Mou
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Weihong He
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Haitao Jiang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Qianqian Meng
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Agriculture Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Minister, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- College of Agriculture Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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Huang X, Yang S, Zhang Y, Shi Y, Shen L, Zhang Q, Qiu A, Guan D, He S. Temperature-dependent action of pepper mildew resistance locus O 1 in inducing pathogen immunity and thermotolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2064-2083. [PMID: 38011680 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant diseases tend to be more serious under conditions of high-temperature/high-humidity (HTHH) than under moderate conditions, and hence disease resistance under HTHH is an important determinant for plant survival. However, how plants cope with diseases under HTHH remains poorly understood. In this study, we used the pathosystem consisting of pepper (Capsicum annuum) and Ralstonia solanacearum (bacterial wilt) as a model to examine the functions of the protein mildew resistance locus O 1 (CaMLO1) and U-box domain-containing protein 21 (CaPUB21) under conditions of 80% humidity and either 28 °C or 37 °C. Expression profiling, loss- and gain-of-function assays involving virus-induced gene-silencing and overexpression in pepper plants, and protein-protein interaction assays were conducted, and the results showed that CaMLO1 acted negatively in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum at 28 °C but positively at 37 °C. In contrast, CaPUB21 acted positively in immunity at 28 °C but negatively at 37 °C. Importantly, CaPUB21 interacted with CaMLO1 under all of the tested conditions, but only the interaction in response to R. solanacearum at 37 °C or to exposure to 37 °C alone led to CaMLO1 degradation, thereby turning off defence responses against R. solanacearum at 37 °C and under high-temperature stress to conserve resources. Thus, we show that CaMLO1 and CaPUB21 interact with each other and function distinctly in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum in an environment-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Huang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yapeng Zhang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qixiong Zhang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ailian Qiu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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Yue JY, Jiao JL, Wang WW, Jie XR, Wang HZ. Silencing of the calcium-dependent protein kinase TaCDPK27 improves wheat resistance to powdery mildew. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:134. [PMID: 36882703 PMCID: PMC9993671 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium ions (Ca2+), secondary messengers, are crucial for the signal transduction process of the interaction between plants and pathogens. Ca2+ signaling also regulates autophagy. As plant calcium signal-decoding proteins, calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) have been found to be involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, information on their functions in response to powdery mildew attack in wheat crops is limited. RESULT In the present study, the expression levels of TaCDPK27, four essential autophagy-related genes (ATGs) (TaATG5, TaATG7, TaATG8, and TaATG10), and two major metacaspase genes, namely, TaMCA1 and TaMCA9, were increased by powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici, Bgt) infection in wheat seedling leaves. Silencing TaCDPK27 improves wheat seedling resistance to powdery mildew, with fewer Bgt hyphae occurring on TaCDPK27-silenced wheat seedling leaves than on normal seedlings. In wheat seedling leaves under powdery mildew infection, silencing TaCDPK27 induced excess contents of reactive oxygen species (ROS); decreased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT); and led to an increase in programmed cell death (PCD). Silencing TaCDPK27 also inhibited autophagy in wheat seedling leaves, and silencing TaATG7 also enhanced wheat seedling resistance to powdery mildew infection. TaCDPK27-mCherry and GFP-TaATG8h colocalized in wheat protoplasts. Overexpressed TaCDPK27-mCherry fusions required enhanced autophagy activity in wheat protoplast under carbon starvation. CONCLUSION These results suggested that TaCDPK27 negatively regulates wheat resistance to PW infection, and functionally links with autophagy in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Yu Yue
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Lan Jiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Wen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Rui Jie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300387, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Y, Cai W, Lu Q, Lv J, Wan M, Guan D, Yang S, He S. PMT6 Is Required for SWC4 in Positively Modulating Pepper Thermotolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054849. [PMID: 36902276 PMCID: PMC10003703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High temperature stress (HTS), with growth and development impairment, is one of the most important abiotic stresses frequently encountered by plants, in particular solanacaes such as pepper, that mainly distribute in tropical and subtropical regions. Plants activate thermotolerance to cope with this stress; however, the underlying mechanism is currently not fully understood. SWC4, a shared component of SWR1- and NuA4 complexes implicated in chromatin remodeling, was previously found to be involved in the regulation of pepper thermotolerance, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Herein, PMT6, a putative methyltranferase was originally found to interact with SWC4 by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP)-combined LC/MS assay. This interaction was further confirmed by bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC) and Co-IP assay, and PMT6 was further found to confer SWC4 methylation. By virus-induced gene silencing, it was found that PMT6 silencing significantly reduced pepper basal thermotolerance and transcription of CaHSP24 and significantly reduced the enrichment of chromatin-activation-related H3K9ac, H4K5ac, and H3K4me3 in TSS of CaHSP24, which was previously found to be positively regulated by CaSWC4. By contrast, the overexpression of PMT6 significantly enhanced basal thermotolerance of pepper plants. All these data indicate that PMT6 acts as a positive regulator in pepper thermotolerance, likely by methylating SWC4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiaoling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meiyun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.H.)
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.H.)
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7
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Son S, Park SR. Climate change impedes plant immunity mechanisms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1032820. [PMID: 36523631 PMCID: PMC9745204 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1032820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Rapid climate change caused by human activity is threatening global crop production and food security worldwide. In particular, the emergence of new infectious plant pathogens and the geographical expansion of plant disease incidence result in serious yield losses of major crops annually. Since climate change has accelerated recently and is expected to worsen in the future, we have reached an inflection point where comprehensive preparations to cope with the upcoming crisis can no longer be delayed. Development of new plant breeding technologies including site-directed nucleases offers the opportunity to mitigate the effects of the changing climate. Therefore, understanding the effects of climate change on plant innate immunity and identification of elite genes conferring disease resistance are crucial for the engineering of new crop cultivars and plant improvement strategies. Here, we summarize and discuss the effects of major environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration on plant immunity systems. This review provides a strategy for securing crop-based nutrition against severe pathogen attacks in the era of climate change.
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N-Methyltransferase CaASHH3 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Immunity against Bacterial Pathogens in Pepper. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126492. [PMID: 35742935 PMCID: PMC9224371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins with conserved SET domain play a critical role in plant immunity. However, the means of organization and functions of these proteins are unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annum L.). Herein, we functionally characterized CaASHH3, a member of class II (the ASH1 homologs H3K36) proteins in pepper immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum and Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000). The CaASHH3 was localized in the nucleus, and its transcript levels were significantly enhanced by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI) and exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), ethephon (ETH), and abscisic acid (ABA). Knockdown of CaASHH3 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) compromised peppers’ resistance to RSI. Furthermore, silencing of CaASHH3 impaired hypersensitive-response (HR)-like cell death response due to RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1, and CaABR1. The CaASHH3 protein was revealed to affect the promoters of CaNPR1, CaPR1, and CaHSP24. Transiently over-expression of CaASHH3 in pepper leaves elicited HR-like cell death and upregulated immunity-related marker genes. To further study the role of CaASHH3 in plant defense in vivo, CaASHH3 transgenic plants were generated in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of CaASHH3 in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana enhanced innate immunity against Pst DC3000. Furthermore, CaASHH3 over-expressing transgenic A. thaliana plants exhibited upregulated transcriptional levels of immunity-associated marker genes, such as AtNPR1, AtPR1, and AtPR2. These results collectively confirm the role of CaASHH3 as a positive regulator of plant cell death and pepper immunity against bacterial pathogens, which is regulated by signaling synergistically mediated by SA, JA, ET, and ABA.
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Raffeiner M, Üstün S, Guerra T, Spinti D, Fitzner M, Sonnewald S, Baldermann S, Börnke F. The Xanthomonas type-III effector XopS stabilizes CaWRKY40a to regulate defense responses and stomatal immunity in pepper (Capsicum annuum). THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1684-1708. [PMID: 35134217 PMCID: PMC9048924 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As a critical part of plant immunity, cells that are attacked by pathogens undergo rapid transcriptional reprogramming to minimize virulence. Many bacterial phytopathogens use type III effector (T3E) proteins to interfere with plant defense responses, including this transcriptional reprogramming. Here, we show that Xanthomonas outer protein S (XopS), a T3E of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), interacts with and inhibits proteasomal degradation of WRKY40, a transcriptional regulator of defense gene expression. Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) enhanced plant tolerance to Xcv infection, indicating that WRKY40 represses immunity. Stabilization of WRKY40 by XopS reduces the expression of its targets, which include salicylic acid-responsive genes and the jasmonic acid signaling repressor JAZ8. Xcv bacteria lacking XopS display significantly reduced virulence when surface inoculated onto susceptible pepper leaves. XopS delivery by Xcv, as well as ectopic expression of XopS in Arabidopsis thaliana or Nicotiana benthamiana, prevented stomatal closure in response to bacteria and biotic elicitors. Silencing WRKY40 in pepper or N. benthamiana abolished XopS's ability to prevent stomatal closure. This suggests that XopS interferes with both preinvasion and apoplastic defense by manipulating WRKY40 stability and downstream gene expression, eventually altering phytohormone crosstalk to promote pathogen proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Raffeiner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | | | - Tiziana Guerra
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Daniela Spinti
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Maria Fitzner
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
| | - Sophia Sonnewald
- Department of Biology, Division of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), Großbeeren 14979, Germany
- Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal 14558, Germany
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CabZIP23 Integrates in CabZIP63-CaWRKY40 Cascade and Turns CabZIP63 on Mounting Pepper Immunity against Ralstonia solanacearum via Physical Interaction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052656. [PMID: 35269798 PMCID: PMC8910381 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 were previously found to be shared in the pepper defense response to high temperature stress (HTS) and to Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI), forming a transcriptional cascade. However, how they activate the two distinct defense responses is not fully understood. Herein, using a revised genetic approach, we functionally characterized CabZIP23 in the CabZIP63-CaWRKY40 cascade and its context specific pepper immunity activation against RSI by interaction with CabZIP63. CabZIP23 was originally found by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry to be an interacting protein of CabZIP63-GFP; it was upregulated by RSI and acted positively in pepper immunity against RSI by virus induced gene silencing in pepper plants, and transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. By chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR and electrophoresis mobility shift assay (EMSA), CabZIP23 was found to be directly regulated by CaWRKY40, and CabZIP63 was directly regulated by CabZIP23, forming a positive feedback loop. CabZIP23-CabZIP63 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation (CoIP) and bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC) assays, which promoted CabZIP63 binding immunity related target genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1 and CaWRKY40, thereby enhancing pepper immunity against RSI, but not affecting the expression of thermotolerance related CaHSP24. All these data appear to show that CabZIP23 integrates in the CabZIP63-CaWRKY40 cascade and the context specifically turns it on mounting pepper immunity against RSI.
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11
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CaSWC4 regulates the immunity-thermotolerance tradeoff by recruiting CabZIP63/CaWRKY40 to target genes and activating chromatin in pepper. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010023. [PMID: 35226664 PMCID: PMC8884482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) responds differently to high temperature stress (HTS) and Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) but employs some shared transcription factors (TFs), such as CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40, in both cases. How the plant activates and balances these distinct responses, however, was unclear. Here, we show that the protein CaSWC4 interacts with CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b and they all act positively in pepper response to RSI and thermotolerance. CaSWC4 activates chromatin of immunity or thermotolerance related target genes of CaWRKY40 or CabZIP63 by promoting deposition of H2A.Z, H3K9ac and H4K5ac, simultaneously recruits CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 through physical interaction and brings them to their targets (immunity- or thermotolerance-related genes) via binding AT-rich DNA element. The above process relies on the recruitment of CaRUVBL2 and TAF14 by CaSWC4 via physical interaction, which occurs at loci of immunity related target genes only when the plants are challenged with RSI, and at loci of thermotolerance related target genes only upon HTS. Collectively, our data suggest that CaSWC4 regulates rapid, accurate responses to both RSI and HTS by modulating chromatin of specific target genes opening and recruiting the TFs, CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b to the specific target genes, thereby helping achieve the balance between immunity and thermotolerance.
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12
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Yang S, Cai W, Shen L, Cao J, Liu C, Hu J, Guan D, He S. A CaCDPK29-CaWRKY27b module promotes CaWRKY40-mediated thermotolerance and immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum in pepper. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 233:1843-1863. [PMID: 34854082 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
CaWRKY40 in pepper (Capsicum annuum) promotes immune responses to Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) and to high-temperature, high-humidity (HTHH) stress, but how it interacts with upstream signalling components remains poorly understood. Here, using approaches of reverse genetics, biochemical and molecular biology we functionally characterised the relationships among the WRKYGMK-containing WRKY protein CaWRKY27b, the calcium-dependent protein kinase CaCDPK29, and CaWRKY40 during pepper response to RSI or HTHH. Our data indicate that CaWRKY27b is upregulated and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus upon phosphorylation of Ser137 in the nuclear localisation signal by CaCDPK29. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and microscale thermophoresis, we observed that, due to the replacement of Q by M in the conserved WRKYGQK, CaWRKY27b in the nucleus failed to bind to W-boxes in the promoters of immunity- and thermotolerance-related marker genes. Instead, CaWRKY27b interacted with CaWRKY40 and promoted its binding and positive regulation of the tested marker genes including CaNPR1, CaDEF1 and CaHSP24. Notably, mutation of the WRKYGMK motif in CaWRKY27b to WRKYGQK restored the W-box binding ability. Our data therefore suggest that CaWRKY27b is phosphorylated by CaCDPK29 and acts as a transcriptional activator of CaWRKY40 during the pepper response to RSI and HTHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jianshen Cao
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Cailing Liu
- Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Jiong Hu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
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13
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Hussain A, Khan MI, Albaqami M, Mahpara S, Noorka IR, Ahmed MAA, Aljuaid BS, El-Shehawi AM, Liu Z, Farooq S, Zuan ATK. CaWRKY30 Positively Regulates Pepper Immunity by Targeting CaWRKY40 against Ralstonia solanacearum Inoculation through Modulating Defense-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112091. [PMID: 34769521 PMCID: PMC8584995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) network is composed of WRKY TFs’ subset, which performs a critical role in immunity regulation of plants. However, functions of WRKY TFs’ network remain unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). This study functionally characterized CaWRKY30—a member of group III Pepper WRKY protein—for immunity of pepper against Ralstonia solanacearum infection. The CaWRKY30 was detected in nucleus, and its transcriptional expression levels were significantly upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI), and foliar application ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaWRKY30 amplified pepper’s vulnerability to RSI. Additionally, the silencing of CaWRKY30 by VIGS compromised HR-like cell death triggered by RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, like CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaABR1, CaHIR1, and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 in pepper leaves instigated HR-like cell death and upregulated defense-related maker genes. Furthermore, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 upregulated transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. On the other hand, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 upregulated transcriptional expression levels of CaWRKY30. The results recommend that newly characterized CaWRKY30 positively regulates pepper’s immunity against Ralstonia attack, which is governed by synergistically mediated signaling by phytohormones like ET, ABA, and SA, and transcriptionally assimilating into WRKY TFs networks, consisting of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. Collectively, our data will facilitate to explicate the underlying mechanism of crosstalk between pepper’s immunity and response to RSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture—Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (A.T.K.Z.)
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63050, Turkey;
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (A.T.K.Z.)
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Cai W, Yang S, Wu R, Cao J, Shen L, Guan D, Shuilin H. Pepper NAC-type transcription factor NAC2c balances the trade-off between growth and defense responses. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 186:2169-2189. [PMID: 33905518 PMCID: PMC8331138 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant responses to pathogen attacks and high-temperature stress (HTS) are distinct in nature but generally share several signaling components. How plants produce specific responses through these common signaling intermediates remains elusive. With the help of reverse-genetics approaches, we describe here the mechanism underlying trade-offs in pepper (Capsicum annuum) between growth, immunity, and thermotolerance. The NAC-type transcription factor CaNAC2c was induced by HTS and Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI). CaNAC2c-inhibited pepper growth, promoted immunity against RSI by activating jasmonate-mediated immunity and H2O2 accumulation, and promoted HTS responses by activating Heat shock factor A5 (CaHSFA5) transcription and blocking H2O2 accumulation. We show that CaNAC2c physically interacts with CaHSP70 and CaNAC029 in a context-specific manner. Upon HTS, CaNAC2c-CaHSP70 interaction in the nucleus protected CaNAC2c from degradation and resulted in the activation of thermotolerance by increasing CaNAC2c binding and transcriptional activation of its target promoters. CaNAC2c did not induce immunity-related genes under HTS, likely due to the degradation of CaNAC029 by the 26S proteasome. Upon RSI, CaNAC2c interacted with CaNAC029 in the nucleus and activated jasmonate-mediated immunity but was prevented from activating thermotolerance-related genes. In non-stressed plants, CaNAC2c was tethered outside the nucleus by interaction with CaHSP70, and thus was unable to activate either immunity or thermotolerance. Our results indicate that pepper growth, immunity, and thermotolerance are coordinately and tightly regulated by CaNAC2c via its inducible expression and differential interaction with CaHSP70 and CaNAC029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Ruijie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jianshen Cao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - He Shuilin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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15
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Shi L, Zhang K, Xie L, Yang M, Xie B, He S, Liu Z. The Pepper Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase CaMAPK7 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Response to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:664926. [PMID: 34295316 PMCID: PMC8290481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play a vital role in multiple plant processes, including growth, development, and stress signaling, but their involvement in response to Ralstonia solanacearum is poorly understood, particularly in pepper plants. Herein, CaMAPK7 was identified from the pepper genome and functionally analyzed. The accumulations of CaMAPK7 transcripts and promoter activities were both significantly induced in response to R. solanacearum strain FJC100301 infection, and exogenously applied phytohormones, including methyl jasmonate (MeJA), brassinolide (BR), salicylic acid (SA), and ethephon (ETN), were decreased by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaMAPK7 significantly enhanced the susceptibility of pepper plants to infection by R. solanacearum and downregulated the defense-related marker genes, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, CaSAR82A, and CaWRKY40. In contrast, the ectopic overexpression of CaMAPK7 in transgenic tobacco enhanced resistance to R. solanacearum and upregulated the defense-associated marker genes, including NtHSR201, NtHSR203, NtPR4, PR1a/c, NtPR1b, NtCAT1, and NtACC. Furthermore, transient overexpression of CaMAPK7 in pepper leaves triggered intensive hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death, H2O2 accumulation, and enriched CaWRKY40 at the promoters of its target genes and drove their transcript accumulations, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A. Taken together, these data indicate that R. solanacearum infection induced the expression of CaMAPK7, which indirectly modifies the binding of CaWRKY40 to its downstream targets, including CaDEF1, CaPO2, and CaSAR82A, ultimately leading to the activation of pepper immunity against R. solanacearum. The protein that responds to CaMAPK7 in pepper plants should be isolated in the future to build a signaling bridge between CaMAPK7 and CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanping Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Kan Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Linjing Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Baixue Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.,College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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16
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Yang S, Zhang Y, Cai W, Liu C, Hu J, Shen L, Huang X, Guan D, He S. CaWRKY28 Cys249 is Required for Interaction with CaWRKY40 in the Regulation of Pepper Immunity to Ralstonia solanacearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2021; 34:733-745. [PMID: 33555219 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-12-20-0361-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors have been implicated in plant response to pathogens but how WRKY-mediated networks are organized and operate to produce appropriate transcriptional outputs remains largely unclear. Here, we identify a member of the WRKY family from pepper (Capsicum annuum), CaWRKY28, that physically interacts with CaWRKY40, a positive regulator of pepper immunity and thermotolerance. We confirmed CaWRKY28-CaWRKY40 interaction by coimmunoprecipitation, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and microscale thermophoresis. Our findings supported the idea that CaWRKY28 is a nuclear protein that acts as positive regulator in pepper responses to infection by the pathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. It performs its function not by directly modulating the W-box containing immunity-related genes but by promoting CaWRKY40 via physical interaction to bind and activate its immunity-related target genes, including CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, and CaABR1, but not its thermotolerance-related target gene, CaHSP24. All of these data indicate that CaWRKY28 interacts with and potentiates CaWRKY40 in regulating immunity against R. solanacearum infection but not thermotolerance. Importantly, we discovered that CaWRKY28 Cys249, shared by CaWRKY28 and its orthologs probably only in the family Solanaceae, is crucial for the CaWRKY28-CaWRKY40 interaction. These results highlight how CaWRKY28 associates with CaWRKY40 during the establishment of WRKY networks, and how CaWRKY40 achieves its functional specificity during pepper responses to R. solanacearum infection.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Yangwen Zhang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Cailing Liu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Jiong Hu
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Xueying Huang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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Dong H, Wu C, Luo C, Wei M, Qu S, Wang S. Overexpression of MdCPK1a gene, a calcium dependent protein kinase in apple, increase tobacco cold tolerance via scavenging ROS accumulation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242139. [PMID: 33211731 PMCID: PMC7676694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are important calcium receptors, which play a crucial part in the process of sensing and decoding intracellular calcium signals during plant development and adaptation to various environmental stresses. In this study, a CDPK gene MdCPK1a, was isolated from apple (Malus×domestica) which contains 1701bp nucleotide and encodes a protein of 566 amino acid residues, and contains the conserved domain of CDPKs. The transient expression and western blot experiment showed that MdCPK1a protein was localized in the nucleus and cell plasma membrane. Ectopic expression of MdCPK1a in Nicotiana benthamiana increased the resistance of the tobacco plants to salt and cold stresses. The mechanism of MdCPK1a regulating cold resistance was further investigated. The overexpressed MdCPK1a tobacco plants had higher survival rates and longer root length than wild type (WT) plants under cold stress, and the electrolyte leakages (EL), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were lower, and accordingly, antioxidant enzyme activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were higher, suggesting the transgenic plants suffered less chilling injury than WT plants. Moreover, the transcript levels of ROS-scavenging and stress-related genes were higher in the transgenic plants than those in WT plants whether under normal conditions or cold stress. The above results suggest that the improvement of cold tolerance in MdCPK1a-overexpressed plants was due to scavenging ROS accumulation and modulating the expression of stress-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changguo Luo
- Guizhou Fruit Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Menghan Wei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shenchun Qu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sanhong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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18
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Yang S, Shi Y, Zou L, Huang J, Shen L, Wang Y, Guan D, He S. Pepper CaMLO6 Negatively Regulates Ralstonia solanacearum Resistance and Positively Regulates High Temperature and High Humidity Responses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1223-1238. [PMID: 32343804 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant mildew-resistance locus O (MLO) proteins influence susceptibility to powdery mildew. However, their roles in plant responses to other pathogens and heat stress remain unclear. Here, we showed that CaMLO6, a pepper (Capsicum annuum) member of MLO clade V, is a protein targeted to plasma membrane and probably endoplasmic reticulum. The transcript expression level of CaMLO6 was upregulated in the roots and leaves of pepper plants challenged with high temperature and high humidity (HTHH) and was upregulated in leaves but downregulated in roots of plants infected with the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. CaMLO6 was also directly upregulated by CaWRKY40 upon HTHH but downregulated by CaWRKY40 upon R. solanacearum infection. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaMLO6 significantly decreased pepper HTHH tolerance and R. solanacearum susceptibility. Moreover, CaMLO6 overexpression enhanced the susceptibility of Nicotiana benthamiana and pepper plants to R. solanacearum and their tolerance to HTHH, effects that were associated with the expression of immunity- and thermotolerance-associated marker genes, respectively. These results suggest that CaMLO6 acts as a positive regulator in response to HTHH but a negative regulator in response to R. solanacearum. Moreover, CaMLO6 is transcriptionally affected by R. solanacearum and HTHH; these transcriptional responses are at least partially regulated by CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Longyun Zou
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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19
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Shen L, Yang S, Yang F, Guan D, He S. CaCBL1 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Pepper Response to Ralstonia solanacearum. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2020; 33:945-957. [PMID: 32209000 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-19-0241-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is an important disease of pepper (Capsicum annuum), an economically important solanaceous vegetable worldwide, in particular, under high temperature (HT) conditions. However, the molecular mechanism underlying pepper immunity against bacterial wilt remains poorly understood. Herein, CaCBL1, a putative calcineurin B-like protein, was functionally characterized in the pepper response to R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI) under HT (RSI/HT). CaCBL1 was significantly upregulated by RSI at room temperature (RSI/RT), HT, or RSI/HT. CaCBL1-GFP fused protein targeted to whole epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana when transiently overexpressed. CaCBL1 silencing by virus-induced gene silencing significantly enhanced pepper susceptibility to RSI under RT or HT, while its transient overexpression triggered hypersensitive response mimic cell death and upregulation of immunity-associated marker genes, including CabZIP63, CaWRKY40, and CaCDPK15, the positive regulators in the pepper response to RSI or HT found in our previous studies. In addition, by chromatin immunoprecipitation PCR and electrophoretic mobility shift assay, CaCBL1 was found to be directly targeted by CaWRKY40, although not by CaWRKY27 or CaWRKY58, via the W-box-2 within its promoter, and its transcription was found to be downregulated by silencing of CaWRKY40 while it was enhanced by its transient overexpression. These results suggest that CaCBL1 acts as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against R. solanacearum infection, constituting a positive feedback loop with CaWRKY40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- Agricultural College, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
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CaCML13 Acts Positively in Pepper Immunity Against Ralstonia solanacearum Infection Forming Feedback Loop with CabZIP63. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21114186. [PMID: 32545368 PMCID: PMC7312559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+-signaling—which requires the presence of calcium sensors such as calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like (CML) proteins—is crucial for the regulation of plant immunity against pathogen attack. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially the roles of CMLs involved in plant immunity remains largely uninvestigated. In the present study, CaCML13, a calmodulin-like protein of pepper that was originally found to be upregulated by Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation (RSI) in RNA-seq, was functionally characterized in immunity against RSI. CaCML13 was found to target the whole epidermal cell including plasma membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. We also confirmed that CaCML13 was upregulated by RSI in pepper roots by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The silencing of CaCML13 significantly enhanced pepper plants’ susceptibility to RSI accompanied with downregulation of immunity-related CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1 and CabZIP63. In contrast, CaCML13 transient overexpression induced clear hypersensitivity-reaction (HR)-mimicked cell death and upregulation of the tested immunity-related genes. In addition, we also revealed that the G-box-containing CaCML13 promoter was bound by CabZIP63 and CaCML13 was positively regulated by CabZIP63 at transcriptional level. Our data collectively indicate that CaCML13 act as a positive regulator in pepper immunity against RSI forming a positive feedback loop with CabZIP63.
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21
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Jiang Y, Zheng W, Li J, Liu P, Zhong K, Jin P, Xu M, Yang J, Chen J. NbWRKY40 Positively Regulates the Response of Nicotiana benthamiana to Tomato Mosaic Virus via Salicylic Acid Signaling. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:603518. [PMID: 33552099 PMCID: PMC7857026 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.603518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plants, including responses to stress; however, our understanding of the function of WRKY genes in plant responses to viral infection remains limited. In this study, we investigate the role of NbWRKY40 in Nicotiana benthamiana resistance to tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). NbWRKY40 is significantly downregulated by ToMV infection, and subcellular localization analysis indicates that NbWRKY40 is targeted to the nucleus. In addition, NbWRKY40 activates W-box-dependent transcription in plants and shows transcriptional activation in yeast cells. Overexpressing NbWRKY40 (OEWRKY40) inhibits ToMV infection, whereas NbWRKY40 silencing confers susceptibility. The level of salicylic acid (SA) is significantly higher in OEWRKY40 plants compared with that of wild-type plants. In addition, transcript levels of the SA-biosynthesis gene (ICS1) and SA-signaling genes (PR1b and PR2) are dramatically higher in OEWRKY40 plants than in the control but lower in NbWRKY40-silenced plants than in the control. Furthermore, electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that NbWRKY40 can bind the W-box element of ICS1. Callose staining reveals that the plasmodesmata is decreased in OEWRKY40 plants but increased in NbWRKY40-silenced plants. Exogenous application of SA also reduces viral accumulation in NbWRKY40-silenced plants infected with ToMV. RT-qPCR indicates that NbWRKY40 does not affect the replication of ToMV in protoplasts. Collectively, our findings suggest that NbWRKY40 likely regulates anti-ToMV resistance by regulating the expression of SA, resulting in the deposition of callose at the neck of plasmodesmata, which inhibits viral movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Peng Jin
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Miaoze Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Virology, Institute of Virology and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianping Chen,
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22
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Noman A, Hussain A, Adnan M, Khan MI, Ashraf MF, Zainab M, Khan KA, Ghramh HA, He S. A novel MYB transcription factor CaPHL8 provide clues about evolution of pepper immunity againstsoil borne pathogen. Microb Pathog 2019; 137:103758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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23
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R-SNARE FgSec22 is essential for growth, pathogenicity and DON production of Fusarium graminearum. Curr Genet 2019; 66:421-435. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-019-01037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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24
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Wang X, Zhu B, Jiang Z, Wang S. Calcium-mediation of jasmonate biosynthesis and signaling in plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110192. [PMID: 31481228 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) play vital roles in regulating a range of plant growth and development processes including seed germination, seedling development, reproduction, formation and development of storage organs, and senescence. JAs are also involved in the regulation of plant responses to environmental stimuli. The biosynthesis of JAs takes place in three different subcellular compartments, namely, the chloroplast, peroxisome, and cytoplasm. JAs activate the expression of JA-responsive genes by degrading jasmonate zinc-finger-inflorescence meristem (Zim) domain (JAZ) repressors via the E3 ubiquitin-ligase Skp/Cullin/F-box protein CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) complex (SCFCOI1) by using 26S proteasome. Calcium, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and nitric oxide (NO) are involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis and signaling of JAs in plants. Among these signaling molecules, calcium is one of the most important within plant cells. In plants, intracellular calcium levels change in response to JAs, resulting in calcium signatures with temporal and spatial features. Calcium channels are involved in the generation of calcium signatures. Calcium sensors, including calmodulins (CaMs), CaM-like proteins (CMLs), calcineurin B-like proteins (CBLs), and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), can act to regulate the biosynthesis and signaling of JAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Biping Zhu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhonghao Jiang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Shucai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, 276000, China.
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Liu Z, Shi L, Weng Y, Zou H, Li X, Yang S, Qiu S, Huang X, Huang J, Hussain A, Zhang K, Guan D, He S. ChiIV3 Acts as a Novel Target of WRKY40 to Mediate Pepper Immunity Against Ralstonia solanacearum Infection. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:1121-1133. [PMID: 31039081 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0313-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ChiIV3, a chitinase of pepper (Capsicum annuum), stimulates cell death in pepper plants. However, there are only scarce reports on its role in resistance against bacterial wilt disease such as that caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and their transcriptional regulation. In this study, the silencing of ChiIV3 in pepper plants significantly reduced the resistance to R. solanacearum. The transcript of ChiIV3 was induced by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI) as well as exogenous application of methyl jasmonate and abscisic acid. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that the ChiIV3 promoter consists of multiple stress-related cis elements, including six W-boxes and one MYB1AT. With the 5' deletion assay in the ChiIV3 promoter, the W4-box located from -640 to -635 bp was identified as the cis element that is required for the response to RSI. In addition, the W4-box element was shown to be essential for the binding of the ChiIV3 promoter by the WRKY40 transcription factor, which is known to positively regulate the defense response to R. solanacearum. Site-directed mutagenesis in the W4-box sequence impaired the binding of WRKY40 to the ChiIV3 promoter. Subsequently, the transcription of ChiIV3 decreased in WRKY40-silenced pepper plants. These results demonstrated that the expression of the defense gene ChiIV3 is controlled through multiple modes of regulation, and WRKY40 directly binds to the W4-box element of the ChiIV3 promoter region for its transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Lanping Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Yahong Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Huasong Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Xia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Sheng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Shanshan Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Xueying Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Ansar Hussain
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Kan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Deyi Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Shuilin He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002 China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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Guan D, Yang F, Xia X, Shi Y, Yang S, Cheng W, He S. CaHSL1 Acts as a Positive Regulator of Pepper Thermotolerance Under High Humidity and Is Transcriptionally Modulated by CaWRKY40. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1802. [PMID: 30581449 PMCID: PMC6292930 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) is an economically important vegetable and heat stress can severely impair pepper growth, development, and productivity. The molecular mechanisms underlying pepper thermotolerance are therefore important to understand but remain elusive. In the present study, we characterized the function of CaHSL1, encoding a HAESA-LIKE (HSL) receptor-like protein kinase (RLK), during the response of pepper to high temperature and high humidity (HTHH). CaHSL1 exhibits the typical structural features of an arginine-aspartate RLK. Transient overexpression of CaHSL1 in the mesophyll cells of Nicotiana benthamiana showed that CaHSL1 localizes throughout the cell, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus. CaHSL1 was significantly upregulated by HTHH or the exogenous application of abscisic acid but not by R. solanacearum inoculation. However, CaHSL1 was downregulated by exogenously applied salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon. Silencing of CaHSL1 by virus-induced gene silencing significantly was reduced tolerance to HTHH and downregulated transcript levels of an associated gene CaHSP24. In contrast, transient overexpression of CaHSL1 enhanced the transcript abundance of CaHSP24 and increased tolerance to HTHH, as manifested by enhanced optimal/maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the dark (Fv/Fm) and actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II in the light. In addition, CaWRKY40 targeted the promoter of CaHSL1 and induced transcription during HTHH but not in response to R. solanacearum. All of these results suggest that CaHSL1 is directly modulated at the transcriptional level by CaWRKY40 and functions as a positive regulator in the response of pepper to HTHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyi Guan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Xia
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Shi
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuilin He
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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27
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Qiu A, Lei Y, Yang S, Wu J, Li J, Bao B, Cai Y, Wang S, Lin J, Wang Y, Shen L, Cai J, Guan D, He S. CaC3H14 encoding a tandem CCCH zinc finger protein is directly targeted by CaWRKY40 and positively regulates the response of pepper to inoculation by Ralstonia solanacearum. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2221-2235. [PMID: 29683552 PMCID: PMC6638151 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tandem CCCH zinc finger (TZnF) proteins have been implicated in plant defence, but their role in pepper (Capsicum annuum) is unclear. In the present study, the role of CaC3H14, a pepper TZnF protein, in the immune response of pepper plants to Ralstonia solanacearum infection was characterized. When fused to the green fluorescent protein, CaC3H14 was localized exclusively to the nuclei in leaf cells of Nicotiana benthamiana plants transiently overexpressing CaC3H14. Transcript abundance of CaC3H14 was up-regulated by inoculation with R. solanacearum. Virus-induced silencing of CaC3H14 increased the susceptibility of the plants to R. solanacearum and down-regulated the genes associated with the hypersensitive response (HR), specifically HIR1 and salicylic acid (SA)-dependent PR1a. By contrast, silencing resulted in the up-regulation of jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent DEF1 and ethylene (ET) biosynthesis-associated ACO1. Transient overexpression of CaC3H14 in pepper triggered an intensive HR, indicated by cell death and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) accumulation, up-regulated PR1a and down-regulated DEF1 and ACO1. Ectopic overexpression of CaC3H14 in tobacco plants significantly decreased the susceptibility of tobacco plants to R. solanacearum. It also up-regulated HR-associated HSR515, immunity-associated GST1 and the SA-dependent marker genes NPR1 and PR2, but down-regulated JA-dependent PR1b and ET-dependent EFE26. The CaC3H14 promoter and was bound and its transcription was up-regulated by CaWRKY40. Collectively, these results indicate that CaC3H14 is transcriptionally targeted by CaWRKY40, is a modulator of the antagonistic interaction between SA and JA/ET signalling, and enhances the defence response of pepper plants to infection by R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Qiu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Life ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Yufen Lei
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Life ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Sheng Yang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Life ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Ji Wu
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Jiazhi Li
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Bingjin Bao
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Yiting Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Song Wang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Jinhui Lin
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Lei Shen
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Jinsen Cai
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Deyi Guan
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
| | - Shuilin He
- National Education Ministry, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive UtilizationFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
- College of Crop ScienceFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian 350002China
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Hu Q, Zhu L, Zhang X, Guan Q, Xiao S, Min L, Zhang X. GhCPK33 Negatively Regulates Defense against Verticillium dahliae by Phosphorylating GhOPR3. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 178:876-889. [PMID: 30150302 PMCID: PMC6181045 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt, caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is a destructive vascular disease in plants. Approximately 200 dicotyledonous plant species in temperate and subtropical regions are susceptible to this notorious pathogen. Previous studies showed that jasmonic acid (JA) plays a crucial role in plant-V. dahliae interactions. V. dahliae infection generally induces significant JA accumulation in local and distal tissues of the plant. Although JA biosynthesis and the associated enzymes have been studied intensively, the precise mechanism regulating JA biosynthesis upon V. dahliae infection remains unknown. Here, we identified the calcium-dependent protein kinase GhCPK33 from upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) as a negative regulator of resistance to V. dahliae that directly manipulates JA biosynthesis. Knockdown of GhCPK33 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated virus-induced gene silencing constitutively activated JA biosynthesis and JA-mediated defense responses and enhanced resistance to V dahliae Further analysis revealed that GhCPK33 interacts with 12-oxophytodienoate reductase3 (GhOPR3) in peroxisomes. GhCPK33 phosphorylates GhOPR3 at threonine-246, leading to decreased stability of GhOPR3, which consequently limits JA biosynthesis. We propose that GhCPK33 is a potential molecular target for improving resistance to Verticillium wilt disease in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Longfu Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qianqian Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shenghua Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Min
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
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29
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Qiu A, Wu J, Lei Y, Cai Y, Wang S, Liu Z, Guan D, He S. CaSK23, a Putative GSK3/SHAGGY-Like Kinase of Capsicum annuum, Acts as a Negative Regulator of Pepper's Response to Ralstonia solanacearum Attack. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092698. [PMID: 30208566 PMCID: PMC6163794 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
GSK3-like kinases have been mainly implicated in the brassinosteroids (BR) pathway and, therefore, in plant growth, development, and responses to abiotic stresses; however, their roles in plant immunity remain poorly understood. Herein, we present evidence that CaSK23, a putative GSK3/SHAGGY-like kinase in pepper, acts as a negative regulator in pepper’s response to Ralstonia solanacearum (R. solanacearum) inoculation (RSI). Data from quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the constitutively-expressed CaSK23 in pepper leaves was down-regulated by RSI, as well as by exogenously-applied salicylic acid (SA) or methyl jasomonate (MeJA). Silencing of CaSK23 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) decreased the susceptibility of pepper plants to RSI, coupled with up-regulation of the tested genes encoding SA-, JA-, and ethylene (ET)-dependent pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. In contrast, ectopic overexpression (OE) of CaSK23 conferred a compromised resistance of tobacco plants to RSI, accompanied by down-regulation of the tested immunity-associated SA-, JA-, and ET-dependent PR genes. In addition, transient overexpression of CaSK23 in pepper plants consistently led to down-regulation of the tested SA-, JA-, and ET-dependent PR genes. We speculate that CaSK23 acts as a negative regulator in pepper immunity and its constitutive expression represses pepper immunity in the absence of pathogens. On the other hand, its decreased expression derepresses immunity when pepper plants are attacked by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailian Qiu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ji Wu
- College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yufen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yiting Cai
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Deyi Guan
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuilin He
- Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Education/FAFU, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Hussain A, Li X, Weng Y, Liu Z, Ashraf MF, Noman A, Yang S, Ifnan M, Qiu S, Yang Y, Guan D, He S. CaWRKY22 Acts as a Positive Regulator in Pepper Response to RalstoniaSolanacearum by Constituting Networks with CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27, CaWRKY40, and CaWRKY58. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1426. [PMID: 29747470 PMCID: PMC5983767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY web, which is comprised of a subset of WRKY transcription factors (TFs), plays a crucial role in the regulation of plant immunity, however, the mode of organization and operation of this network remains obscure, especially in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum). Herein, CaWRKY22, a member of a subgroup of IIe WRKY proteins from pepper, was functionally characterized in pepper immunity against Ralstonia Solanacearum. CaWRKY22 was found to target the nuclei, and its transcript level was significantly upregulated by Ralstonia Solanacearum inoculation (RSI) and exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA), Methyl jasmonate (MeJA), or ethephon (ETH). Loss-of-function CaWRKY22, caused by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS), enhanced pepper’s susceptibility to RSI. In addition, the silencing of CaWRKY22 perturbed the hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death elicited by RSI and downregulated defense-related genes including CaPO2, CaPR4, CaACC, CaBPR1, CaDEF1, CaHIR1, and CaWRKY40. CaWRKY22 was found to directly bind to the promoters of CaPR1, CaDEF1, and CaWRKY40 by chromatin immuno-precipitation (ChIP) analysis. Contrastingly, transient overexpression of CaWRKY22 in pepper leaves triggered significant HR-like cell death and upregulated the tested immunity associated maker genes. Moreover, the transient overexpression of CaWRKY22 upregulated the expression of CaWRKY6 and CaWRKY27 while it downregulated of the expression of CaWRKY58. Conversely, the transient overexpression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 upregulated the expression of CaWRKY22, while transient overexpression of CaWRKY58 downregulated the transcript levels of CaWRKY22. These data collectively recommend the role of CaWRKY22 as a positive regulator of pepper immunity against R. Solanacearum, which is regulated by signaling synergistically mediated by SA, jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrating into WRKY networks with WRKY TFs including CaWRKY6, CaWRKY27, CaWRKY40, and CaWRKY58.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yahong Weng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Furqan Ashraf
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Ali Noman
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Sheng Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Muhammad Ifnan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shanshan Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Deyi Guan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Shuilin He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Genetics of Universities in Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Mou S, Liu Z, Gao F, Yang S, Su M, Shen L, Wu Y, He S. CaHDZ27, a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper I Protein, Positively Regulates the Resistance to Ralstonia solanacearum Infection in Pepper. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:960-973. [PMID: 28840788 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-17-0130-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Homeodomain-leucine zipper class I (HD-Zip I) transcription factors have been functionally characterized in plant responses to abiotic stresses, but their roles in plant immunity are poorly understood. Here, a HD-Zip I gene, CaHZ27, was isolated from pepper (Capsicum annum) and characterized for its role in pepper immunity. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that CaHDZ27 was transcriptionally induced by Ralstonia solanacearum inoculation and exogenous application of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, or ethephon. The CaHDZ27-green fluorescent protein fused protein was targeted exclusively to the nucleus. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that CaHDZ27 bound to the 9-bp pseudopalindromic element (CAATAATTG) and triggered β-glucuronidase expression in a CAATAATTG-dependent manner. Virus-induced gene silencing of CaHDZ27 significantly attenuated the resistance of pepper plants against R. solanacearum and downregulated defense-related marker genes, including CaHIR1, CaACO1, CaPR1, CaPR4, CaPO2, and CaBPR1. By contrast, transient overexpression of CaHDZ27 triggered strong cell death mediated by the hypersensitive response and upregulated the tested immunity-associated marker genes. Ectopic CaHDZ27 expression in tobacco enhances its resistance against R. solanacearum. These results collectively suggest that CaHDZ27 functions as a positive regulator in pepper resistance against R. solanacearum. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation assays indicate that CaHDZ27 monomers bind with each other, and this binding is enhanced significantly by R. solanacearum inoculation. We speculate that homodimerization of CaHZ27 might play a role in pepper response to R. solanacearum, further direct evidence is required to confirm it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoliang Mou
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 2 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
| | - Feng Gao
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 2 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Sheng Yang
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
| | - Meixia Su
- 2 College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
| | - Lei Shen
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
| | - Yang Wu
- 4 College of Life Science, Jinggang Shan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi 343000, PR China
| | - Shuilin He
- 1 National Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Comprehensive Utilization, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, PR China
- 3 College of Crop Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University; and
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Zhang W, Tao A, Lan T, Cepinskas G, Kao R, Martin CM, Rui T. Carbon monoxide releasing molecule-3 improves myocardial function in mice with sepsis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac fibroblasts. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:16. [PMID: 28168403 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular multiple-protein complex that controls the maturation and release of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Endogenous carbon monoxide (CO) is anti-inflammatory. The aim of this study was to assess the effects/mechanisms of CO-releasing molecule-3 (CORM-3)-dependent modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) and its effect on myocardial function in sepsis. CF were treated with CORM-3 or inactive CORM-3 (iCORM-3) before NLRP3 inflammasome priming with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or following activation with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In parallel, cardiomyocytes (CM) were challenged with supernatants of LPS/ATP-stimulated CF or a cytokine mixture (Cyto-mix) containing IL-1β, IL-18, and HMGB1. In vivo, mice were treated with CORM-3 before or after LPS to induce sepsis (endotoxemia). Pretreatment of CF with CORM-3 prevented an LPS-induced increase in NLRP3 and pro-IL-1β expression. Treatment of CF with CORM-3 before ATP prevented ATP-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Challenging CF with LPS/ATP promoted NLRP3 interactions with adaptor ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain), which was prevented by CORM-3. Challenging CM with supernatants of CF with LPS/ATP or Cyto-mix (IL-1β, IL-18, and HMGB1) resulted in CM apoptosis, which was attenuated with either a CORM-3 or IL-1 receptor antagonist. Finally, myocardial NLRP3 inflammasome activation and myocardial dysfunction in septic mice were abolished by CORM-3. In NLRP3-deficient mice with sepsis, CORM-3 did not show additional benefits in improving myocardial function. Our results indicate that CORM-3 suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation by blocking NLRP3 interactions with the adaptor protein ASC and attenuates myocardial dysfunction in mice with sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
| | - Aibin Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
| | - Ting Lan
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
| | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada
| | - Raymond Kao
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada.,Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Claudio M Martin
- Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada.,Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Tao Rui
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, 800 Commissioners Road E., VRL Rm A6-138, London, ON, N6A 4G5, Canada. .,Critical Care Western, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
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