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Pupier CA, Grover R, Fine M, Rottier C, van de Water JAJM, Ferrier-Pagès C. Dissolved Nitrogen Acquisition in the Symbioses of Soft and Hard Corals With Symbiodiniaceae: A Key to Understanding Their Different Nutritional Strategies? Front Microbiol 2021; 12:657759. [PMID: 34149646 PMCID: PMC8211778 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.657759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is one of the limiting nutrients for coral growth and primary productivity. Therefore, the capacity of different associations between corals and their algal symbionts (Symbiodiniaceae) to efficiently exploit the available nitrogen sources will influence their distribution and abundance. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of nitrogen assimilation in reef-building scleractinian (hard) coral-Symbiodiniaceae symbioses. However, the nutrient metabolism of other coral taxa, such as Alcyoniina (soft corals), remains underexplored. Using stable isotope labeling, we investigated the assimilation of dissolved nitrogen (i.e., ammonium, nitrate, and free amino acids) by multiple species of soft and hard corals sampled in the Gulf of Aqaba in shallow (8-10 m) and mesophotic (40-50 m) reefs. Our results show that dissolved nitrogen assimilation rates per tissue biomass were up to 10-fold higher in hard than in soft coral symbioses for all sources of nitrogen. Although such differences in assimilation rates could be linked to the Symbiodiniaceae density, Symbiodiniaceae species, or the C:N ratio of the host and algal symbiont fractions, none of these parameters were different between the two coral taxa. Instead, the lower assimilation rates in soft coral symbioses might be explained by their different nutritional strategy: whereas soft corals may obtain most of their nitrogen via the capture of planktonic prey by the coral host (heterotrophic feeding), hard corals may rely more on dissolved nitrogen assimilation by their algal symbionts to fulfill their needs. This study highlights different nutritional strategies in soft and hard coral symbioses. A higher reliance on heterotrophy may help soft corals to grow in reefs with higher turbidity, which have a high concentration of particles in suspension in seawater. Further, soft corals may benefit from lower dissolved nitrogen assimilation rates in areas with low water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé A. Pupier
- Marine Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
- Collège Doctoral, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Renaud Grover
- Marine Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
| | - Maoz Fine
- The Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Science in Eilat, Eilat, Israel
| | - Cécile Rottier
- Marine Department, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Monaco
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Chang TC, Mayfield AB, Fan TY. Culture systems influence the physiological performance of the soft coral Sarcophyton glaucum. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20200. [PMID: 33214591 PMCID: PMC7678846 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77071-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to develop means of ex situ biobanking and biopreserving corals and other marine organisms whose habitats have been compromised by climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. To optimize laboratory growth of soft corals in a way that could also benefit industry (e.g., aquarium trade), three culture systems were tested herein with Sarcophyton glaucum: (1) a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) without exogenous biological input (RAS-B), (2) a RAS with "live" rocks and an exogenous food supply (RAS+B), and (3) a simple flow-through system (FTS) featuring partially filtered natural seawater. In each system, the effects of two levels of photosynthetically active radiation (100 or 200 μmol quanta m-2 s-1) and flow velocity (5 or 15 cm s-1) were assessed, and a number of soft coral response variables were measured. All cultured corals survived the multi-month incubation, yet those of the RAS-B grew slowly and even paled; however, once they were fed (RAS-B modified to RAS+B), their pigmentation increased, and their oral discs readily expanded. Light had a more pronounced effect in the RAS-B system, while flow affected certain coral response variables in the FTS tanks; there were few effects of light or flow in the RAS+B system, potentially highlighting the importance of heterotrophy. Unlike the ceramic pedestals of the FTS, those of the RAS+B did not regularly become biofouled by algae. In concert with the aforementioned physiological findings, we therefore recommend RAS+B systems as a superior means of biopreservating and biobanking soft corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chi Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan
| | - Anderson B Mayfield
- National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.,Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Miami, FL, 33149, USA.,Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33149, USA
| | - Tung-Yung Fan
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Dong Hwa University, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan. .,National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium, Pingtung, 944, Taiwan.
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Ashok A, Kottuparambil S, Høj L, Negri AP, Duarte CM, Agustí S. Accumulation of 13C-labelled phenanthrene in phytoplankton and transfer to corals resolved using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 196:110511. [PMID: 32247239 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread pollutants in marine ecosystems including threatened and potentially sensitive coral reefs. Lower organisms such as phytoplankton, known to bioconcentrate PAHs, could serve as potential entry points for these chemicals into higher trophic levels. Here, we present a novel method using a 13C-labelled PAH and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to investigate accumulation, uptake rates and trophic transfer of PAHs in corals, which are key organisms to sustain biodiversity in tropical seas. We quantified the accumulation of 13C-phenanthrene in the marine microalga Dunaliella salina, and in the coral Acropora millepora after diffusive uptake from seawater or dietary uptake via labelled D. salina. Additionally, we monitored the photophysiological health of D. salina and A. millepora during phenanthrene exposure by pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometry. Dose-dependent accumulation of 13C-phenanthrene in the microalga showed a mean bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 2590 ± 787 L kg-1 dry weight. Corals accumulated phenanthrene from both exposure routes. While uptake of 13C-phenanthrene in corals was faster through aqueous exposure than dietary exposure, passive diffusion showed larger variability between individuals and both routes resulted in accumulation of similar concentrations of phenanthrene. The 13C-PAH labelling and analysis by CRDS proved to be a highly sensitive method. The use of stable isotopic label eliminated additional toxicity and risks by radioactive isotopic-labelling, and CRDS reduced the analytical complexity of PAH (less biomass, no extraction, fast analysis). The simultaneous, precise quantification of both carbon content and 13C/12C ratio (δ13C) enabled accurate determination of 13C-phenanthrene accumulation and uptake rate. This is the first study to provide empirical evidence for accumulation of phenanthrene in a phytoplankton-coral food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Ashok
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sreejith Kottuparambil
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lone Høj
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Susana Agustí
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Guibert I, Bonnard I, Pochon X, Zubia M, Sidobre C, Lecellier G, Berteaux-Lecellier V. Differential effects of coral-giant clam assemblages on biofouling formation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2675. [PMID: 30804382 PMCID: PMC6389951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the settlement and/or the growth of fouling organisms (i.e. bacteria, fungi or microalgae), benthic sessile species have developed various defense mechanisms among which the production of chemical molecules. While studies have mostly focused on the release of chemical compounds by single species, there exist limited data on multi-species assemblages. We used an integrative approach to explore the potential interactive effects of distinct assemblages of two corals species and one giant clam species on biofouling appearance and composition. Remarkably, we found distinct biofouling communities suggesting the importance of benthic sessile assemblages in biofouling control. Moreover, the assemblage of 3 species led to an inhibition of biofouling, likely through a complex of secondary metabolites. Our results highlight that through their different effect on their near environment, species assemblages might be of upmost importance for their survival and therefore, should now be taken into account for sustainable management of coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Guibert
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, paris, France.
- USR3278 PSL CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, LabEx CORAIL, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia.
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, LabEx CORAIL, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France.
| | - Isabelle Bonnard
- USR3278 PSL CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, LabEx CORAIL, Université de Perpignan, 58 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan, France
| | - Xavier Pochon
- Coastal and Freshwater Group, Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7042, New Zealand
- Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, Private Bag 349, Warkworth, 0941, New Zealand
| | - Mayalen Zubia
- University of French Polynesia, UMR-241 Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens, BP 6570, 98702, Faa'a, Tahiti, French Polynesia
| | - Christine Sidobre
- USR3278 PSL CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, LabEx CORAIL, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Gaël Lecellier
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, LabEx CORAIL, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
- Université de Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, 45 avenue des Etats-Unis, Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Véronique Berteaux-Lecellier
- USR3278 PSL CRIOBE CNRS-EPHE-UPVD, LabEx CORAIL, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- UMR250/9220 ENTROPIE IRD-CNRS-UR, LabEx CORAIL, Promenade Roger-Laroque, Noumea cedex, New Caledonia, France
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Yu CI, Chen CY, Liu W, Chang PC, Huang CW, Han KF, Lin IP, Lin MY, Lee CH. Sandensolide Induces Oxidative Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Oral Cancer Cells and in Zebrafish Xenograft Model. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16100387. [PMID: 30332851 PMCID: PMC6213332 DOI: 10.3390/md16100387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, natural sources and herbs are being sought for the treatment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in order to alleviate the side effects of chemotherapy. This study investigates the effect of sandensolide, a cembrane isolated from Sinularia flexibilis, to inhibit human OSCC cell growth with the aim of developing a new drug for the treatment of oral cancer. In vitro cultured human OSCC models (Ca9.22, SCC9 and HSC-3 cell lines) and oral normal cells (HGF-1), as well as a zebrafish xenograft model, were used to test the cytotoxicity of sandensolide (MTT assay), as well as to perform cell cycle analysis and Western blotting. Both the in vitro bioassay and the zebrafish xenograft model demonstrated the anti-oral cancer effect of sandensolide. Moreover, sandensolide was able to significantly suppress colony formation and induce apoptosis, as well as cell cycle arrest, in OSCC by regulating multiple key proteins. Induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was observed in sandensolide-treated oral cancer cells. However, these apoptotic changes were rescued by NAC pretreatment. These findings contribute to the knowledge of the model of action of sandensolide, which may induce oxidative stress-mediated cell death pathways as a potential agent in oral cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-I Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 73659, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Yi Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Science, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan.
| | - Wangta Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Chih Chang
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Weight Management Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Wei Huang
- Department of Physiology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Kuang-Fen Han
- Department of Nursing, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan City 73658, Taiwan.
| | - In-Pin Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ying Lin
- Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien-Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Tracing of lipid markers of soft corals in a polar lipidome of the nudibranch mollusk Tritonia tetraquetra from the Sea of Okhotsk. Polar Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-018-2418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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