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Jendrzejewski R, Majewska N, Majumdar S, Sawczak M, Ryl J, Śliwiński G. Rubrene Thin Films with Viably Enhanced Charge Transport Fabricated by Cryo-Matrix-Assisted Laser Evaporation. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164413. [PMID: 34442937 PMCID: PMC8400232 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Among organic semiconductors, rubrene (RB; C42H28) is of rapidly growing interest for the development of organic and hybrid electronics due to exceptionally long spin diffusion length and carrier mobility up to 20 cm2V−1s−1 in single crystals. However, the fabrication of RB thin films resembling properties of the bulk remains challenging, mainly because of the RB molecule’s twisted conformation. This hinders the formation of orthorhombic crystals with strong π–π interactions that support the band transport. In this work, RB films with a high crystalline content were fabricated by matrix-assisted laser evaporation and the associated structure, composition, and transport properties are investigated. Enhanced charge transport is ascribed to the crystalline content of the film. Spherulitic structures are observed on top of an amorphous RB layer formed in the initial deposition stage. In spherulites, orthorhombic crystals dominate, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and the absorption and Raman spectra. Surprisingly, nanowires several microns in length are also detected. The desorption/ionization mass and X-ray photoelectron spectra consistently show minimal material decomposition and absence of RB peroxides. The observed carrier mobility up to 0.13 cm2V−1s−1, is close to the technologically accepted level, making these rubrene films attractive for spintronic and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Jendrzejewski
- Photophysics Deptartment, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-5225193
| | - Natalia Majewska
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 57, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Sayani Majumdar
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland;
| | - Mirosław Sawczak
- Photophysics Deptartment, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Advanced Materials Center, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Gerard Śliwiński
- Photophysics Deptartment, Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdańsk, Poland;
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Eom S, Sim JH, Kim J, Tran NB, Sung MM, Kang Y. Eutectic friction transfer lithography: a facile solid-state route for highly crystalline semiconducting polymers. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23514-23520. [PMID: 33216110 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06411d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report a solid-state lithography technique utilizing eutectic friction transfer lithography (EFTL). The EFTL technique employs eutectic pellets made of semiconducting polymers and volatile organic solid matrices. Using frictional heating and eutectic melting, various semiconducting polymer crystals were formed by a simple rubbing process under mild conditions. The strong anisotropic optical properties suggest that J-type packing is dominant in EFTL microwires because of the highly extended and planarized crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Eom
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea.
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Park KS, Baek J, Park Y, Lee L, Hyon J, Koo Lee YE, Shrestha NK, Kang Y, Sung MM. Heterogeneous Monolithic Integration of Single-Crystal Organic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603285. [PMID: 27885700 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing high-performance organic electronic circuits requires the effective heterogeneous integration of different nanoscale organic materials with uniform morphology and high crystallinity in a desired arrangement. In particular, the development of high-performance organic electronic and optoelectronic devices relies on high-quality single crystals that show optimal intrinsic charge-transport properties and electrical performance. Moreover, the heterogeneous integration of organic materials on a single substrate in a monolithic way is highly demanded for the production of fundamental organic electronic components as well as complex integrated circuits. Many of the various methods that have been designed to pattern multiple heterogeneous organic materials on a substrate and the heterogeneous integration of organic single crystals with their crystal growth are described here. Critical issues that have been encountered in the development of high-performance organic integrated electronics are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Sun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jangmi Baek
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Yoonkyung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Lynn Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Jinho Hyon
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | | | - Youngjong Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
| | - Myung Mo Sung
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Korea
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Lin KY, Wang YJ, Chen KL, Ho CY, Yang CC, Shen JL, Chiu KC. Role of molecular conformations in rubrene polycrystalline films growth from vacuum deposition at various substrate temperatures. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40824. [PMID: 28091620 PMCID: PMC5238508 DOI: 10.1038/srep40824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the optical and structural characterization of rubrene polycrystalline films fabricated from vacuum deposition with various substrate temperatures (Tsub). Depending on Tsub, the role of twisted and planar rubrene conformational isomers on the properties of rubrene films is focused. The temperature (T)-dependent inverse optical transmission (IOT) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra were performed on these rubrene films. The origins of these IOT and PL peaks are explained in terms of the features from twisted and planar rubrene molecules and of the band characteristics from rubrene molecular solid films. Here, two rarely reported weak-peaks at 2.431 and 2.605 eV were observed from IOT spectra, which are associated with planar rubrene. Besides, the T-dependence of optical bandgap deduced from IOT spectra is discussed with respect to Tsub. Together with IOT and PL spectra, for Tsub > 170 °C, the changes in surface morphology and unit cell volume were observed for the first time, and are attributed to the isomeric transformation from twisted to planar rubrenes during the deposition processes. Furthermore, a unified schematic diagram in terms of Frenkel exciton recombination is suggested to explain the origins of the dominant PL peaks performed on these rubrene films at 15 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Yen Lin
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Lun Chen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yuan Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chuen Yang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Lin Shen
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli District, Taoyuan City, 32023, Taiwan
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Li QF, Liu S, Chen HZ, Li HY. Alignment and patterning of organic single crystals for field-effect transistors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2016.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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