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Li NS, Hsu YP, Pang HH, Wang SF, Pang ST, Lin CY, Tsai RY, Huang CY, Wei KC, Yang HW. Lab-in-a-Vial Rapid Test for Internet of Things-Embedded Point-of-Healthcare Protein Biomarker Detection in Bodily Fluids. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400878. [PMID: 39105375 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Amateurs often struggle with detecting and quantifying protein biomarkers in body fluids due to the high expertise required. This study introduces a Lab-in-a-Vial (LV) rapid diagnostic platform, featuring hydrangea-like platinum nanozymes (PtNH), for rapid, accurate detection and quantification of protein biomarkers on-site within 15 min. This method significantly enhances detection sensitivity for various biomarkers in body fluids, surpassing traditional methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and lateral flow assays (LFA) by ≈250 to 1300 times. The LV platform uses a glass vial coated with specific bioreceptors such as antigens or antibodies, enabling rapid in vitro evaluation of disease risk from small fluid samples, similar to a personal ELISA-like point-of-care test (POCT). It overcomes challenges in on-site biomarker detection, allowing both detection and quantification through a portable wireless spectrometer for healthcare internet of things (H-IoT). The platform's effectiveness and adaptability are confirmed using IgG/IgM antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and nuclear matrix protein (NMP22) from urothelial carcinoma (UC) patients as biomarkers. These tests demonstrated its accuracy and flexibility. This approach offers vast potential for diverse disease applications, provided that the relevant protein biomarkers in bodily fluids are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Si Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Pei Hsu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Han Pang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fan Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - See-Tong Pang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | | | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Taoyuan, 23652, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Taoyuan, 23652, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
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Cheng K, Wan S, Yang JW, Chen SY, Wang HL, Xu CH, Qiao SH, Li XR, Li Y. Applications of Biosensors in Bladder Cancer. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38978228 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2024.2373923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the tenth most common cancer globally, predominantly affecting men. Early detection and treatment are crucial due to high recurrence rates and poor prognosis for advanced stages. Traditional diagnostic methods like cystoscopy and imaging have limitations, leading to the exploration of noninvasive methods such as liquid biopsy. This review highlights the application of biosensors in BC, including electrochemical and optical sensors for detecting tumor markers like proteins, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, noting their clinical relevance. Emerging therapeutic approaches, such as antibody-drug conjugates, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and gene therapy, are also explored, the role of biosensors in detecting corresponding biomarkers to guide these treatments is examined. Finally, the review addresses the current challenges and future directions for biosensor applications in BC, highlighting the need for large-scale clinical trials and the integration of advanced technologies like deep learning to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Cheng
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shun Wan
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Wei Yang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Hong Xu
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Si-Hang Qiao
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ran Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Urology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urology, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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Singh N, Dkhar DS, Chandra P, Azad UP. Nanobiosensors Design Using 2D Materials: Implementation in Infectious and Fatal Disease Diagnosis. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020166. [PMID: 36831931 PMCID: PMC9953246 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiosensors are devices that utilize a very small probe and any form of electrical, optical, or magnetic technology to detect and analyze a biochemical or biological process. With an increasing population today, nanobiosensors have become the broadly used electroanalytical tools for the timely detection of many infectious (dengue, hepatitis, tuberculosis, leukemia, etc.) and other fatal diseases, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, etc., at their early stage. Compared to classical or traditional analytical methods, nanobiosensors have significant benefits, including low detection limit, high selectivity and sensitivity, shorter analysis duration, easier portability, biocompatibility, and ease of miniaturization for on-site monitoring. Very similar to biosensors, nanobiosensors can also be classified in numerous ways, either depending on biological molecules, such as enzymes, antibodies, and aptamer, or by working principles, such as optical and electrochemical. Various nanobiosensors, such as cyclic voltametric, amperometric, impedimetric, etc., have been discussed for the timely monitoring of the infectious and fatal diseases at their early stage. Nanobiosensors performance and efficiency can be enhanced by using a variety of engineered nanostructures, which include nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanopores, self-adhesive monolayers, nanowires, and nanocomposites. Here, this mini review recaps the application of two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), graphene oxide, black phosphorous, and MXenes, for the construction of the nanobiosensors and their application for the diagnosis of various infectious diseases at very early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, CG, India
| | - Daphika S. Dkhar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi 221005, UP, India
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (U.P.A.)
| | - Uday Pratap Azad
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya, Bilaspur 495009, CG, India
- Correspondence: (P.C.); (U.P.A.)
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Song FX, Xu X, Ding H, Yu L, Huang H, Hao J, Wu C, Liang R, Zhang S. Recent Progress in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors and Theranostic Nanomedicine for Bladder Cancer. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:106. [PMID: 36671940 PMCID: PMC9855444 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BCa) is one of the most expensive and common malignancies in the urinary system due to its high progression and recurrence rate. Although there are various methods, including cystoscopy, biopsy, and cytology, that have become the standard diagnosis methods for BCa, their intrinsic invasive and inaccurate properties need to be overcome. The novel urine cancer biomarkers are assisted by nanomaterials-based biosensors, such as field-effect transistors (FETs) with high sensitivity and specificity, which may provide solutions to these problems. In addition, nanomaterials can be applied for the advancement of next-generation optical imaging techniques and the contrast agents of conventional techniques; for example, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of BCa. Regarding BCa therapy, nanocarriers, including mucoadhesive nanoparticles and other polymeric nanoparticles, successfully overcome the disadvantages of conventional intravesical instillation and improve the efficacy and safety of intravesical chemotherapy for BCa. Aside from chemotherapy, nanomedicine-based novel therapies, including photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), chemodynamic therapy (CDT), sonodynamic therapy (SDT), and combination therapy, have afforded us new ways to provide BC therapy and hope, which can be translated into the clinic. In addition, nanomotors and the nanomaterials-based solid tumor disassociation strategy provide new ideas for future research. Here, the advances in BCa diagnosis and therapy mentioned above are reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Xin Song
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaojian Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Hengze Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Le Yu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haochen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jinting Hao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chenghao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- College of Nano Science & Technology (CNST), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rui Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
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Hwang C, Lee WJ, Kim SD, Park S, Kim JH. Recent Advances in Biosensor Technologies for Point-of-Care Urinalysis. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111020. [PMID: 36421138 PMCID: PMC9688579 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human urine samples are non-invasive, readily available, and contain several components that can provide useful indicators of the health status of patients. Hence, urine is a desirable and important template to aid in the diagnosis of common clinical conditions. Conventional methods such as dipstick tests, urine culture, and urine microscopy are commonly used for urinalysis. Among them, the dipstick test is undoubtedly the most popular owing to its ease of use, low cost, and quick response. Despite these advantages, the dipstick test has limitations in terms of sensitivity, selectivity, reusability, and quantitative evaluation of diseases. Various biosensor technologies give it the potential for being developed into point-of-care (POC) applications by overcoming these limitations of the dipstick test. Here, we present a review of the biosensor technologies available to identify urine-based biomarkers that are typically detected by the dipstick test and discuss the present limitations and challenges that future development for their translation into POC applications for urinalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuljin Hwang
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-June Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Su Dong Kim
- Graduate School of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Leading Convergence of Healthcare and Medicine, Institute of Science & Technology (ALCHeMIST), Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Electrochemical Biosensor Employing Bi2S3 Nanocrystals-Modified Electrode for Bladder Cancer Biomarker Detection. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is a kind of malignant tumor with high incidence in the urinary system, complex pathogenic causes, and the high recurrence rate. Biosensors capable of rapid, on site, and accurate bladder cancer diagnosis method continue to be lacking. Here, the electrochemical biosensor for detecting cytokeratin 18 (CK18, bladder cancer biomarker) was constructed based on the chemically modified electrode (CME). The work electrode (WE) was modified by bismuth sulfide semiconductor nanocrystals (Bi2S3 NCs), and then immobilized with CK18 antibodies and blocking agents to complete the electrode preparation. The results indicated that the interface of a flexible carbon electrode with Bi2S3 NCs film was steady with reliable charge transfer capability. With the large specific area and quantum size effect, the proposed sensor could detect CK18 antigen protein with an ultralow detection limit of 1.87 fM (fmol L−1) and wide linear dynamic range of 1–1000 pg mL−1, respectively. Detecting results could be read in less than 30 s with the portable, planar flexible CME. The sensitive and specific electrochemical biosensor possessed the characteristics of rapidity, ease-of-use, and non-invasive detection, indicating the application prospect in the early screening of bladder cancer and other diseases.
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Rong S, Zou L, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Gao H, Guan H, Dong J, Guo Y, Liu F, Li X, Pan H, Chang D. 2D/3D material amplification strategy for disposable label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on rGO-TEPA@Cu-MOFs@SiO2@AgNPs composites for NMP22 detection. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Yang Y, Zeng B, Li Y, Liang H, Yang Y, Yuan Q. Construction of MoS2 field effect transistor sensor array for the detection of bladder cancer biomarkers. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Duquesne I, Weisbach L, Aziz A, Kluth LA, Xylinas E. The contemporary role and impact of urine-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:1031-1042. [PMID: 29354490 PMCID: PMC5760376 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.11.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in the surgical and medical treatment of bladder cancer, there have only been minor improvements in mortality and morbidity rates over the past decades. Urine-based markers help to improve diagnosing bladder cancer with the aim of complementing or probably in future replacing cystoscopy. Biomarkers may allow individualized risk stratification and support decision-making regarding therapy and follow-up. This review summarizes the existing urine-based biomarkers in bladder cancer. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature. We conducted a PubMed/Medline based research on English language articles and selected original articles and review articles that provided both description and assessment of urinary markers at time of screening, initial diagnosis, monitoring and prognostic evaluation of urothelial bladder cancer. Our research covered studies published between 2000 and 2017. The aim of this study was to give clinicians keys to understand the existing or promising urinary markers that may become alternatives to cytology/cystoscopy pair in the near future. Many urinary markers are now available, often with superior sensitivity to cytology. Their uses have been evaluated in numerous clinical situations in addition to the time of initial diagnosis and surveillance such as cases of isolated macroscopic hematuria or atypical cytology discordant with the rest of the explorations. However, their superiority over the cytology/cystoscopy association is not demonstrated. These new markers are lacking for the most part of standardization and simplicity making their use in common practice difficult. the types and forms of these new markers are very heterogeneous among themselves and between the studies that evaluate them. Well-designed protocols and prospective, controlled trials are needed to provide the basis to determine whether integration of urine- and blood-based biomarkers into clinical decision-making will be of value for bladder cancer detection and screening in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Duquesne
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Lars Weisbach
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Atiqullah Aziz
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis A Kluth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Evanguelos Xylinas
- Department of Urology, Cochin Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
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Evaluation of the NMP22 BladderChek test for detecting bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:100648-100656. [PMID: 29246009 PMCID: PMC5725051 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We examined the usefulness of the nuclear matrix protein 22 (NMP22) BladderChek test for detecting bladder cancer. Materials and Methods A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The diagnostic accuracy of the NMP22 BladderChek test was evaluated via pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under curve (AUC). Inter-study heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression and subgroup analyses. Results We included 23 studies in the systematic review and 19 in the quantitative meta-analysis. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 56% (52-59%) and 88% (87-89%), respectively; pooled PLR and NLR were 4.36 (3.02-6.29) and 0.51 (0.40-0.66), respectively; DOR was 9.29 (5.55-15.55) with an AUC of 0.8295. The mean sensitivity for Ta, T1, ≥ T2, Tis, G1, G2, and G3 disease was 13.68%, 29.49%, 74.03%, 34.62%, 44.16%, 56.25%, and 67.34%, respectively. Conclusions The NMP22 BladderChek test shows good discrimination ability for detecting bladder cancer and a high-specificity algorithm that can be used for early detection to rule out patients with higher bladder cancer risk. It also has better potential for screening higher-grade and higher-stage tumors, and better diagnostic performance in Asians.
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Lin YH, Lin WS, Wong JC, Hsu WC, Peng YS, Chen CL. Bottom-up assembly of silicon nanowire conductometric sensors for the detection of apolipoprotein A1, a biomarker for bladder cancer. Mikrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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