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Machine learning the metastable phase diagram of covalently bonded carbon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3251. [PMID: 35668085 PMCID: PMC9170764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional phase diagram generation involves experimentation to provide an initial estimate of the set of thermodynamically accessible phases and their boundaries, followed by use of phenomenological models to interpolate between the available experimental data points and extrapolate to experimentally inaccessible regions. Such an approach, combined with high throughput first-principles calculations and data-mining techniques, has led to exhaustive thermodynamic databases (e.g. compatible with the CALPHAD method), albeit focused on the reduced set of phases observed at distinct thermodynamic equilibria. In contrast, materials during their synthesis, operation, or processing, may not reach their thermodynamic equilibrium state but, instead, remain trapped in a local (metastable) free energy minimum, which may exhibit desirable properties. Here, we introduce an automated workflow that integrates first-principles physics and atomistic simulations with machine learning (ML), and high-performance computing to allow rapid exploration of the metastable phases to construct "metastable" phase diagrams for materials far-from-equilibrium. Using carbon as a prototypical system, we demonstrate automated metastable phase diagram construction to map hundreds of metastable states ranging from near equilibrium to far-from-equilibrium (400 meV/atom). We incorporate the free energy calculations into a neural-network-based learning of the equations of state that allows for efficient construction of metastable phase diagrams. We use the metastable phase diagram and identify domains of relative stability and synthesizability of metastable materials. High temperature high pressure experiments using a diamond anvil cell on graphite sample coupled with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirm our metastable phase predictions. In particular, we identify the previously ambiguous structure of n-diamond as a cubic-analog of diaphite-like lonsdaelite phase.
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Graphdiyne Saturable Absorber for Passively Q-Switched Ho 3+-Doped Laser. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10091848. [PMID: 32947782 PMCID: PMC7558143 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-quality all-carbon nanostructure graphdiyne (GDY) saturable absorber was successfully fabricated and saturable absorption properties in the 2 μm region were characterized using a commercial mode-locked laser as a pulsed source. The fabricated GDY was first used as an optical switcher in a passively Q-switched Ho laser. Under absorbed pump power of 2.4 W, the maximum average output power and shortest pulse width were 443 mW and 1.38 µs, at a repetition rate of 29.72 kHz. The results suggest that GDY nanomaterial is a promising candidate as an optical modulator for generation of short pulses in Ho-doped lasers at 2.1 μm.
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Daula Shamim SU, Hossain MK, Hasan SM, Hossain A, Ahmed F. Ab initio study of N-doped graphene oxide (NDGO) as a promising anode material for Li-ion rechargeable battery. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2020.1805115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siraj Ud Daula Shamim
- Department of Physics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Syed Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Baylor University, Waco, USA
| | - Abul Hossain
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farid Ahmed
- Department of Physics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Wang JT, Chen C. New carbon allotropes derived from nanotubes via a three-fold distortion mechanism. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:12489-12495. [PMID: 32452472 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Besides commonly used graphite, carbon nanotubes are also often chosen as precursor materials for the synthesis of new carbon phases. Here we identify, using ab initio calculations, two new three-dimensional crystalline modifications of carbon nanotubes with P63/mcm (D36h) symmetry derived from (6,0) and (9,0) nanotubes via a three-fold distortion assisted reconstruction mechanism. The resulting sp2 + sp3 hybrid network structures have a 24- and 36-atom hexagonal unit cell, termed as (6,0)-hP24 and (9,0)-hP36 carbon, and they topologically correspond to two-dimensional graphyne and graphdiyne. Total-energy calculations show that they are energetically more stable than the original nanotubes and previously reported polymerized nanotube structures. Their dynamic stability has been confirmed by phonon mode analysis. Electronic band structure calculations reveal that they are semiconductors with an indirect band gap of 0.18 eV for hP24, and a direct band gap of 2.15 eV for hP36. The present results establish a new type of carbon phase and offer insights into understanding the complex structural landscape of polymerized nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. and School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China and Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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Li Y, Li Y, He X, Gu J, Yu M, Li W, Li C. Efficient synthesis of alkynyl carbon materials derived from CaC2 through solvent-free mechanochemical strategy for supercapacitors. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Liu L, Hu M, Liu C, Liang X, Pan Y, Ying P, Zhao Z, Gao G, He J, Tian Y. Novel carbon polymorphs with cumulative double bonds in three-dimensional sp-sp 2 hybrid framework. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15022-15029. [PMID: 29697115 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00107c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A conspicuous amount of theoretical study has been published on the properties of carbon allotropes with alternate single and triple bonds, (-C[triple bond, length as m-dash]C-)n. However, theoretical characterizations of carbon allotropes with cumulative double bonds ([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash])n is almost non-existent in literature. Based upon first-principles calculations, two new three-dimensional (3D) microporous carbon allotropes consisting of whorl chains connected by cumulative double bonds in a sp-sp2 hybrid framework have been proposed in this study. One of these structures, namely, Trig-C9 was obtained by an evolutionary particle swarm structural search, while the other structure, denoted as Trig-C15, was obtained by inserting double bonds into Trig-C9. Both the 3D sp-sp2 hybridized carbons have a trigonal structure with 9 and 15 atoms in the hexagonal primitive cells. The calculated results demonstrate that these polymorphs are thermodynamically, mechanically, and dynamically feasible. Trig-C9 and Trig-C15 are indirect semiconductors with band gaps of 2.70 eV and 1.25 eV, respectively. Their unique frameworks render them mechanical ductility and significant elastic anisotropy. These results open up new horizons for the exploration of new carbon phases with unique structural, mechanical, and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
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Wang JT, Nie S, Weng H, Kawazoe Y, Chen C. Topological Nodal-Net Semimetal in a Graphene Network Structure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:026402. [PMID: 29376700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.026402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Topological semimetals are characterized by the nodal points in their electronic structure near the Fermi level, either discrete or forming a continuous line or ring, which are responsible for exotic properties related to the topology of bulk bands. Here we identify by ab initio calculations a distinct topological semimetal that exhibits nodal nets comprising multiple interconnected nodal lines in bulk and have two coupled drumheadlike flat bands around the Fermi level on its surface. This nodal net semimetal state is proposed to be realized in a graphene network structure that can be constructed by inserting a benzene ring into each C─C bond in the bct-C_{4} lattice or by a crystalline modification of the (5,5) carbon nanotube. These results expand the realm of nodal manifolds in topological semimetals, offering a new platform for exploring novel physics in these fascinating materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Simin Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hongming Weng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and High Pressure Science and Engineering Center, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154, USA
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Wang JT, Chen C, Mizuseki H, Kawazoe Y. New carbon allotropes in sp + sp3 bonding networks consisting of C8 cubes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7962-7967. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08380g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We identify using ab initio calculations new types of three-dimensional carbon allotrope constructed by inserting acetylenic or diacetylenic bonds into a body-centered cubic C8 lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Tao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
- Institute of Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Physics and High Pressure Science and Engineering Center
- University of Nevada
- Las Vegas
- USA
| | - Hiroshi Mizuseki
- Computational Science Research Center
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul 02792
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8579
- Japan
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology
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Bu K, Li ZZ, Wang JT. Computational prediction of a simple cubic carbon allotrope consisting of C 12 clusters. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:064512. [PMID: 28810772 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We identify by ab initio calculations a new simple cubic carbon phase in Pa3¯ symmetry, which has a 48-atom unit cell in all-sp3 bonding networks, thus termed SC48 carbon. It can be viewed as a crystalline form of C12 clusters or a combined structure of SC24 and BC12 carbon, but it is energetically more stable than the recently reported cubic carbon phases such as BC8, SC24, BC12, and fcc-C12. The structural stability is verified by phonon mode analysis. Electronic band and density of state calculations reveal that SC48 carbon is an insulator with a large direct band gap of 4.40 eV. Moreover, simulated x-ray diffraction patterns provide an excellent match to the distinct diffraction peaks found in milled fullerene soot. These results provide a solid foundation for further exploration of this new carbon allotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Bu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Li Y, Liu Q, Li W, Meng H, Lu Y, Li C. Synthesis and Supercapacitor Application of Alkynyl Carbon Materials Derived from CaC 2 and Polyhalogenated Hydrocarbons by Interfacial Mechanochemical Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:3895-3901. [PMID: 28071888 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of new carbon materials and the reactive activation of CaC2 are challenging subjects. In this study, a series of alkynyl carbon materials (ACMs) were synthesized by the interfacial mechanochemical reaction of CaC2 with four typical polyhalogenated hydrocarbons. Their properties and structures were characterized, and their electrochemical performances were examined. The reaction was rapid and efficient arising from the intense mechanical activation of CaC2. The ACMs are micro-mesoporous materials with distinct layered structure, specific graphitization degree, and clear existence of sp-C. In addition, the ACMs exhibit high specific capacitance in the range of 57-133 F g-1 and thus can be ideal candidates for active materials used in supercapacitors. The results may imply an alternative synthesis of carbon allotropes, as well as an efficient approach for the activation of CaC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Qingnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Hong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Yingzhou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Chunxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, and ‡College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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Zhu X, Wang M. Porous CY carbon: a new semiconducting phase with an sp1–sp2–sp3 bonding network. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18047g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new porous semiconducting carbon allotrope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Division of Materials Science
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Min Wang
- Institute for Clean Energy & Advanced Materials
- Faculty of Materials and Energy
- Southwest University
- Chongqing 400715
- China
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