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Niu Z, Yu M, Xu P, Liu R, Li S, Wu C, Huang B, Ye X, Hu J, Xu Y, Lu S. Effect of 40 Hz light flicker on cognitive impairment and transcriptome of hippocampus in right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21361. [PMID: 38049571 PMCID: PMC10695931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48897-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) seriously affects the quality of life of elderly patients. However, there is no effective treatment to control this disease. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effect of the 40 Hz light flicker in a mouse model of CCH. CCH was induced in male C57 mice by right unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (rUCCAO), leading to chronic brain injury. The mice underwent 40 Hz light flicker stimulation for 30 days after surgery. The results showed that 40 Hz light flicker treatment ameliorated memory deficits after rUCCAO and alleviated the damage to neurons in the frontal lobe and hippocampus. Light flicker administration at 40 Hz decreased IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the frontal lobe and hippocampus, but immunohistochemistry showed that it did not induce angiogenesis in mice with rUCCAO. Gene expression profiling revealed that the induction of genes was mainly enriched in inflammatory-related pathways. Our findings demonstrate that 40 Hz light flicker can suppress cognitive impairment caused by rUCCAO and that this effect may be involved in the attenuation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Niu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minjie Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peixia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renchuan Liu
- Zhejiang Xinyue Health Consulting Service Medical Institution, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shangda Li
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congchong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bochao Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Xinyue Health Consulting Service Medical Institution, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xinyi Ye
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbo Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Xinyue Health Consulting Service Medical Institution, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Shaojia Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management in Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Brain Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Zhejiang Engineering Center for Mathematical Mental Health, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Zhang Z, Pan C, McBride D, Wu Z, Zhang G, Chen D, Zhang JH, Tang Z. Progress in the treatment of chronic intracranial large artery occlusion: Time for large, randomized trials? BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Yaremenko LM, Grabovoy AN, Shepelev SE. Expression of Cytoskeletal Proteins in Neurons of the Rat Sensorimotor Cortex upon Hypoperfusion of the Brain and Sensitization by Cerebral Antigen. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-022-09917-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kuffner MTC, Koch SP, Kirchner M, Mueller S, Lips J, An J, Mertins P, Dirnagl U, Endres M, Boehm-Sturm P, Harms C, Hoffmann CJ. Paracrine Interleukin 6 Induces Cerebral Remodeling at Early Stages After Unilateral Common Carotid Artery Occlusion in Mice. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:805095. [PMID: 35155612 PMCID: PMC8830347 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.805095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Carotid artery disease is frequent and can result in chronic modest hypoperfusion of the brain. If no transient ischemic attack or stroke occur, it is classified asymptomatic. In the long-term, though, it can lead to cognitive impairment. Fostering cerebral remodeling after carotid artery occlusion might be a new concept of treatment. Paracrine Interleukin 6 (IL-6) can induce such remodeling processes at early stages. However, it has neurodegenerative long-term effects. With this exploratory study, we investigated the effect of paracrine IL-6 on cerebral remodeling in early stages after asymptomatic carotid artery occlusion to identify new treatment targets. Methods and Results To mimic a human asymptomatic carotid artery disease, we used a mouse model of unilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. We developed a mouse model for inducible paracrine cerebral IL-6 expression (Cx30-Cre-ERT2;FLEX-IL6) and induced IL-6 2 days after CCA occlusion. We studied the effects of paracrine IL-6 after CCA occlusion on neuronal connectivity using diffusion tensor imaging and on local proteome regulations of the hypo-perfused striatum and contralateral motor cortex using mass spectrometry of laser capture micro-dissected tissues. Paracrine IL-6 induced cerebral remodeling leading to increased inter-hemispheric connectivity and changes in motor system connectivity. We identified changes in local protein abundance which might have adverse effects on functional outcome such as upregulation of Synuclein gamma (Sncg) or downregulation of Proline Dehydrogenase 1 (Prodh). However, we also identified changes in local protein abundance having potentially beneficial effects such as upregulation of Caprin1 or downregulation of GABA transporter 1 (Gat1). Conclusions Paracrine cerebral IL-6 at early stages induces changes in motor system connectivity and the proteome after asymptomatic CCA occlusion. Our results may help to distinguish unfavorable from beneficial IL-6 dependent protein regulations. Focusing on these targets might generate new treatments to improve long-term outcome in patients with carotid artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie T. C. Kuffner
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan P. Koch
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieluise Kirchner
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Mueller
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janet Lips
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jeehye An
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Core Unit Proteomics, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité- Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- QUEST Quality, Ethics, Open Science, Translation, Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Endres
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Boehm-Sturm
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Harms
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Christoph Harms
| | - Christian J. Hoffmann
- Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie mit Experimenteller Neurologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Christian J. Hoffmann
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Grabovoy A, Yaremenko L, Shepelev S. EXPRESSION OF SYNAPTOFYSIN AND VEGF IN THE SENSOMOTOR CORTEX DURING THE CAROTID ARTERY LIGATION, THE BRAIN ANTIGEN SENSITIZATION AND THEIR COMBINATIONS. WIADOMOSCI LEKARSKIE (WARSAW, POLAND : 1960) 2022; 75:2256-2261. [PMID: 36378705 DOI: 10.36740/wlek202209214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim: To study changes of the expression of synaptophysin (Syn) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in neurons of the sensorimotor cortex (SMC) to reveal after unilateral ligation of the carotid artery, sensitization with brain antigen and their combination. PATIENTS AND METHODS Materials and methods: Experimental animals - Wistar rats (260-290 g). Experimental models: mobilization of the left common carotid artery, ligation of the indicated artery, sensitization with cerebral antigen, combination of sensitization with cerebral antigen and ligation of the carotid artery. Methods: immunohistochemistry, quantitative densitometric assessment. RESULTS Results: Dyscirculatory disorders of cerebral blood supply during unilateral mobilization or ligation of the common carotid artery, sensitization with cerebral antigen lead in rats to a transient decrease in synaptophysin expression and phase changes in VEGF expression in the SMC from the lesion side. These changes occur in the absence of morphological changes in the cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION Conclusions: The absence of morphological changes in the SMC in the short term (10-30 days) after minor trauma to the common carotid artery (separation from the bed and n.vagus) or its ligation is accompanied by a transient decrease in Syn expression and some increase in VEGF, which may reflect a violation of synaptic function and the general metabolic activity of neurons. Sensitization with a brain antigen, leading to an increase in the level of anti-brain antibodies and immune complexes in the blood of rats, can act as an independent damaging factor for the brain, and also potentiates and prolongs changes caused by impaired blood circulation.
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Selective Disruption of Inhibitory Synapses Leading to Neuronal Hyperexcitability at an Early Stage of Tau Pathogenesis in a Mouse Model. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3491-3501. [PMID: 32265258 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2880-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction provoking dysregulated cortical neural circuits is currently hypothesized as a key pathophysiological process underlying clinical manifestations in Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative tauopathies. Here, we conducted PET along with postmortem assays to investigate time course changes of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic constituents in an rTg4510 mouse model of tauopathy, which develops tau pathologies leading to noticeable brain atrophy at 5-6 months of age. Both male and female mice were analyzed in this study. We observed that radiosignals derived from [11C]flumazenil, a tracer for benzodiazepine receptor, in rTg4510 mice were significantly lower than the levels in nontransgenic littermates at 2-3 months of age. In contrast, retentions of (E)-[11C]ABP688, a tracer for mGluR5, were unaltered relative to controls at 2 months of age but then gradually declined with aging in parallel with progressive brain atrophy. Biochemical and immunohistochemical assessment of postmortem brain tissues demonstrated that inhibitory, but not excitatory, synaptic constituents selectively diminished without overt loss of somas of GABAergic interneurons in the neocortex and hippocampus of rTg4510 mice at 2 months of age, which was concurrent with enhanced immunoreactivity of cFos, a well-characterized immediate early gene, suggesting that impaired inhibitory neurotransmission may cause hyperexcitability of cortical circuits. Our findings indicate that tau-induced disruption of the inhibitory synapse may be a critical trigger of progressive neurodegeneration, resulting in massive neuronal loss, and PET assessments of inhibitory versus excitatory synapses potentially offer in vivo indices for hyperexcitability and excitotoxicity early in the etiologic pathway of neurodegenerative tauopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we examined the in vivo status of excitatory and inhibitory synapses in the brain of the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse model by PET imaging with (E)-[11C]ABP688 and [11C]flumazenil, respectively. We identified inhibitory synapse as being significantly dysregulated before brain atrophy at 2 months of age, while excitatory synapse stayed relatively intact at this stage. In line with this observation, postmortem assessment of brain tissues demonstrated selective attenuation of inhibitory synaptic constituents accompanied by the upregulation of cFos before the formation of tau pathology in the forebrain at young ages. Our findings indicate that selective degeneration of inhibitory synapse with hyperexcitability in the cortical circuit constitutes the critical early pathophysiology of tauopathy.
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Kim MS, Bang J, Jeon WK. The Involvement of Canonical Wnt Signaling in Memory Impairment Induced by Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion in Mice. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:734-746. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-019-00748-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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He Y, Wang B. Hybrid surgery for symptomatic chronic complete occlusion of the internal carotid artery: A case report. J Interv Med 2019; 2:171-177. [PMID: 34805897 PMCID: PMC8562257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jimed.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are antiplatelet drugs, extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) vascular bypass, carotid endarterectomy (CEA), endovascular intervention (EI), and other revascularization procedures for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion (CICAO). In consulting the literature, we found that existing techniques for single treatments cannot achieve satisfactory results when there is a long segment occlusion with plaque attached to the intracranial segment and a short stump at the initial segment. We reported the case of a 50-year-old male patient with blurred vision, headache, and weakness in the right upper limb. After the exclusion of other neurological diseases, he was diagnosed with symptomatic CICAO; the occlusion segment was long and the stump was too short. We performed a novel hybrid surgery for the patient—a carotid endarterectomy combined with internal carotid artery stenting. After 6 months of follow-up, computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed that the left internal carotid artery was unobstructed, and the symptoms were relieved. A brief review of the literature is presented in addition to this report.
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Mansour A, Niizuma K, Rashad S, Sumiyoshi A, Ryoke R, Endo H, Endo T, Sato K, Kawashima R, Tominaga T. A refined model of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion resulting in cognitive impairment and a low mortality rate in rats. J Neurosurg 2019; 131:892-902. [PMID: 30192196 DOI: 10.3171/2018.3.jns172274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cognitive deficits of vascular dementia and the vasoocclusive state of moyamoya disease have often been mimicked with bilateral stenosis/occlusion of the common carotid artery (CCA) or internal carotid artery. However, the cerebral blood flow (CBF) declines abruptly in these models after ligation of the CCA, which differs from "chronic" cerebral hypoperfusion. While some modified but time-consuming techniques have used staged occlusion of both CCAs, others used microcoils for CCA stenosis, producing an adverse effect on the arterial endothelium. Thus, the authors developed a new chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) model with cognitive impairment and a low mortality rate in rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral CCA occlusion and contralateral induction of CCA stenosis (modified CCA occlusion [mCCAO]) or a sham operation. Cortical regional CBF (rCBF) was measured using laser speckle flowmetry. Cognitive function was assessed using a Barnes circular maze (BCM). MRI studies were performed 4 weeks after the operation to evaluate cervical and intracranial arteries and parenchymal injury. Behavioral and histological studies were performed at 4 and 8 weeks after surgery. RESULTS The mCCAO group revealed a gradual CBF reduction with a low mortality rate (2.3%). White matter degeneration was evident in the corpus callosum and corpus striatum. Although the cellular density declined in the hippocampus, MRI revealed no cerebral infarctions after mCCAO. Immunohistochemistry revealed upregulated inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Results of the BCM assessment indicated significant impairment in spatial learning and memory in the mCCAO group. Although some resolution of white matter injury was observed at 8 weeks, the animals still had cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS The mCCAO is a straightforward method of producing a CCH model in rats. It is associated with a low mortality rate and could potentially be used to investigate vascular disease, moyamoya disease, and CCH. This model was verified for an extended time point of 8 weeks after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mansour
- 1Department of Neurosurgery and
- 5Department of Neurosurgery, Menoufia University Graduate School of Medicine, Menoufia, Egypt
| | | | | | - Akira Sumiyoshi
- 2Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Rie Ryoke
- 2Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Kenichi Sato
- 4Neuroendovascular Therapy, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- 2Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Sekaran H, Gan CY, A Latiff A, Harvey TM, Mohd Nazri L, Hanapi NA, Azizi J, Yusof SR. Changes in blood-brain barrier permeability and ultrastructure, and protein expression in a rat model of cerebral hypoperfusion. Brain Res Bull 2019; 152:63-73. [PMID: 31301381 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion involved a reduction in cerebral blood flow, leading to neuronal dysfunction, microglial activation and white matter degeneration. The effects on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) however, have not been well-documented. Here, two-vessel occlusion model was adopted to mimic the condition of cerebral hypoperfusion in Sprague-Dawley rats. The BBB permeability to high and low molecular weight exogenous tracers i.e. Evans blue dye and sodium fluorescein respectively, showed marked extravasation of the Evans blue dye in the frontal cortex, posterior cortex and thalamus-midbrain at day 1 following induction of cerebral hypoperfusion. Transmission electron microscopy revealed brain endothelial cell and astrocyte damages including increased pinocytotic vesicles and formation of membrane invaginations in the endothelial cells, and swelling of the astrocytes' end-feet. Investigation on brain microvessel protein expressions using two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis coupled with LC-MS/MS showed that proteins involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism, transcription regulation, cytoskeleton maintenance and signaling pathways were differently expressed. The expression of aconitate hydratase, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein, enoyl Co-A hydratase and beta-synuclein were downregulated, while the opposite observed for calreticulin and enhancer of rudimentary homolog. These findings provide insights into the BBB molecular responses to cerebral hypoperfusion, which may assist development of future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Sekaran
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Aishah A Latiff
- Toxicology and Multipurpose Lab, Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City St, 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Thomas Michael Harvey
- Toxicology and Multipurpose Lab, Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sports City St, 27775, Doha, Qatar
| | - Liyana Mohd Nazri
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nur Aziah Hanapi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Juzaili Azizi
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siti R Yusof
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Urushihata T, Takuwa H, Seki C, Tachibana Y, Takahashi M, Kershaw J, Takado Y, Aoki I, Higuchi M, Ito H, Obata T. Water Diffusion in the Brain of Chronic Hypoperfusion Model Mice: A Study Considering the Effect of Blood Flow. Magn Reson Med Sci 2018; 17:318-324. [PMID: 29434092 PMCID: PMC6196298 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.mp.2017-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model mice were created by unilateral common carotid artery occlusion (UCCAO) surgery, which does not cause cerebral infarction, but which does cause long-term reduction in cerebral blood flow (CBF) to the occluded side. Cognitive dysfunction in this mouse model has been demonstrated in behavioral experiments, but neuron density change was not found in a previous positron emission tomography (PET) study. As a next step, in this study we investigated the injury of neuronal fibers in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model mice using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods: In diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), not only the diffusion of water but also the capillary flow in the voxel, i.e., intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), contributes to the signal. Thus, we used DTI to evaluate DWI signal changes in the brains of chronic hypoperfusion model mice at 4 weeks after UCCAO while monitoring the possible influence of CBF change using arterial spin-labeling (ASL) MRI. Results: Simple t-tests indicated that there were significant differences in CBF between the control and occluded sides of the brain, but there was no significant difference for the mean diffusivity (MD) or fractional anisotropy (FA). However, as Pearson correlation analysis showed that MD was strongly correlated with CBF, analysis-of-covariance (ANCOVA) was then performed using CBF as a covariate and a significant difference in MD between the contra- and ipsilateral sides was found. Performing a similar procedure for the FA found no significant differences. Conclusion: The results suggest the injury of neuronal fibers due to chronic hypoperfusion. It is also suggested that CBF-related signal changes should be considered when DWI-based information is used for pathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Urushihata
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology.,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University
| | - Hiroyuki Takuwa
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Chie Seki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Yasuhiko Tachibana
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Manami Takahashi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Jeff Kershaw
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Yuhei Takado
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Ichio Aoki
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Fukushima Medical University
| | - Takayuki Obata
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology
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Song J, Nan D, He Q, Yang L, Guo H. Astrocyte activation and capillary remodeling in modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion mice. Microcirculation 2018; 24. [PMID: 28261893 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cerebral ischemia leads to brain dysfunction with neuron degeneration and responses from astrocytes and vessels. The aim of this study was to study the changes of astrocyte and microvessel in modified BCCAO mice. METHODS Adult transgenic Tie2-GFP mice were subjected to modified BCCAO operation and cranial window implantation. CBF and neurological injury were examined after ischemia. Astrocytes and vessels were investigated by two-photon laser-scanning microscope and confocal laser-scanning microscope in vivo. RESULTS The CBF decreased to approximately 40% of the baseline in the ischemic mice (P<.05). The neuron damage was explicit after the cerebral ischemia (P<.05), while no significant impairment of the motor and cognitive function was detected (P>.05). The density of astrocyte and volume of the astrocyte soma was increased significantly after ischemia (P<.01). Meanwhile, the mean distance between the penetrating artery and the nearest astrocyte soma decreased significantly (P<.01). Besides, the increased diameter of capillary and change of vessel arrangement were observed. CONCLUSION The cerebral ischemia was successfully induced by this modified BCCAO model. Astrocyte activation and the capillary remodeling, including dilution of capillary and tortuosity, were observed in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangman Song
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Nan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qihua He
- Center of Medical and Health Analysis, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huailian Guo
- Department of Neurology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Takahashi M, Urushihata T, Takuwa H, Sakata K, Takado Y, Shimizu E, Suhara T, Higuchi M, Ito H. Imaging of Neuronal Activity in Awake Mice by Measurements of Flavoprotein Autofluorescence Corrected for Cerebral Blood Flow. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:723. [PMID: 29354026 PMCID: PMC5759369 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green fluorescence imaging (e.g., flavoprotein autofluorescence imaging, FAI) can be used to measure neuronal activity and oxygen metabolism in living brains without expressing fluorescence proteins. It is useful for understanding the mechanism of various brain functions and their abnormalities in age-related brain diseases. However, hemoglobin in cerebral blood vessels absorbs green fluorescence, hampering accurate assessments of brain function in animal models with cerebral blood vessel dysfunctions and subsequent cerebral blood flow (CBF) alterations. In the present study, we developed a new method to correct FAI signals for hemoglobin-dependent green fluorescence reductions by simultaneous measurements of green fluorescence and intrinsic optical signals. Intrinsic optical imaging enabled evaluations of light absorption and scatters by hemoglobin, which could then be applied to corrections of green fluorescence intensities. Using this method, enhanced flavoprotein autofluorescence by sensory stimuli was successfully detected in the brains of awake mice, despite increases of CBF, and hemoglobin interference. Moreover, flavoprotein autofluorescence could be properly quantified in a resting state and during sensory stimulation by a CO2 inhalation challenge, which modified vascular responses without overtly affecting neuronal activities. The flavoprotein autofluorescence signal data obtained here were in good agreement with the previous findings from a condition with drug-induced blockade of cerebral vasodilation, justifying the current assaying methodology. Application of this technology to studies on animal models of brain diseases with possible changes of CBF, including age-related neurological disorders, would provide better understanding of the mechanisms of neurovascular coupling in pathological circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manami Takahashi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Urushihata
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Division of Thermo-Biosystem Relations, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takuwa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sakata
- Division of Thermo-Biosystem Relations, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Takado
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Department of Cognitive Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Center Research Center for Child Mental Development, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Suhara
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging Research, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan.,Advanced Clinical Research Center, Fukushima Global Medical Science Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion: a key mechanism leading to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Closing the translational gap between rodent models and human vascular cognitive impairment and dementia. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2451-2468. [PMID: 28963120 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that vascular risk factors contribute to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment and dementia. While there is considerable overlap between features of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer's disease (AD), it appears that cerebral hypoperfusion is the common underlying pathophysiological mechanism which is a major contributor to cognitive decline and degenerative processes leading to dementia. Sustained cerebral hypoperfusion is suggested to be the cause of white matter attenuation, a key feature common to both AD and dementia associated with cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). White matter changes increase the risk for stroke, dementia and disability. A major gap has been the lack of mechanistic insights into the evolution and progress of VCID. However, this gap is closing with the recent refinement of rodent models which replicate chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. In this review, we discuss the relevance and advantages of these models in elucidating the pathogenesis of VCID and explore the interplay between hypoperfusion and the deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) protein, as it relates to AD. We use examples of our recent investigations to illustrate the utility of the model in preclinical testing of candidate drugs and lifestyle factors. We propose that the use of such models is necessary for tackling the urgently needed translational gap from preclinical models to clinical treatments.
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