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Liu W, Deng W, Hu L, Zou H. Advances in TRPV6 inhibitors for tumors by targeted therapies: Macromolecular proteins, synthetic small molecule compounds, and natural compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 270:116379. [PMID: 38588625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
TRPV6, a Ca2+-selective member of the transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) family, plays a key role in extracellular calcium transport, calcium ion reuptake, and maintenance of a local low calcium environment. An increasing number of studies have shown that TRPV6 is involved in the regulation of various diseases. Notably, overexpression of TRPV6 is closely related to the occurrence of various cancers. Research confirmed that knocking down TRPV6 could effectively reduce the proliferation and invasiveness of tumors by mainly mediating the calcium signaling pathway. Hence, TRPV6 has become a promising new drug target for numerous tumor treatments. However, the development of TRPV6 inhibitors is still in the early stage, and the existing TRPV6 inhibitors have poor selectivity and off-target effects. In this review, we focus on summarizing and describing the structure characters, and mechanisms of existing TRPV6 inhibitors to provide new ideas and directions for the development of novel TRPV6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Wenwen Deng
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Liqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
| | - Hui Zou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, China.
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2
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Verma S, Swain D, Kushwaha PP, Brahmbhatt S, Gupta K, Sundi D, Gupta S. Melanoma Antigen Family A (MAGE A) as Promising Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:246. [PMID: 38254738 PMCID: PMC10813664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Melanoma Antigen Gene (MAGE) is a large family of highly conserved proteins that share a common MAGE homology domain. Interestingly, many MAGE family members exhibit restricted expression in reproductive tissues but are abnormally expressed in various human malignancies, including bladder cancer, which is a common urinary malignancy associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. The recent literature suggests a more prominent role for MAGEA family members in driving bladder tumorigenesis. This review highlights the role of MAGEA proteins, the potential for them to serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker(s), and as therapeutic targets for bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Verma
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.V.); (P.P.K.); (K.G.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Diya Swain
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (D.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Prem Prakash Kushwaha
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.V.); (P.P.K.); (K.G.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Smit Brahmbhatt
- College of Arts and Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (D.S.); (S.B.)
| | - Karishma Gupta
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.V.); (P.P.K.); (K.G.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Debasish Sundi
- Department of Urology, Division of Urologic Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, James Cancer Hospital & Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (S.V.); (P.P.K.); (K.G.)
- The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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3
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Samel A, Väärtnõu F, Verk L, Kurg K, Mutso M, Kurg R. How the Intrinsically Disordered N-Terminus of Cancer/Testis Antigen MAGEA10 Is Responsible for Its Expression, Nuclear Localisation and Aberrant Migration. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1704. [PMID: 38136576 PMCID: PMC10741916 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGEA) subfamily proteins are normally expressed in testis and/or placenta. However, aberrant expression is detected in the tumour cells of multiple types of human cancer. MAGEA expression is mainly observed in cancers that have acquired malignant phenotypes, invasiveness and metastasis, and the expression of MAGEA family proteins has been linked to poor prognosis in cancer patients. All MAGE proteins share the common MAGE homology domain (MHD) which encompasses up to 70% of the protein; however, the areas flanking the MHD region vary between family members and are poorly conserved. To investigate the molecular basis of MAGEA10 expression and anomalous mobility in gel, deletion and point-mutation, analyses of the MAGEA10 protein were performed. Our data show that the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain and, specifically, the first seven amino acids containing a unique linear motif, PRAPKR, are responsible for its expression, aberrant migration in SDS-PAGE and nuclear localisation. The aberrant migration in gel and nuclear localisation are not related to each other. Hiding the N-terminus with an epitope tag strongly affected its mobility in gel and expression in cells. Our results suggest that the intrinsically disordered domains flanking the MHD determine the unique properties of individual MAGEA proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Reet Kurg
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.S.); (F.V.); (L.V.); (K.K.); (M.M.)
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4
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Robb CG, Dao TP, Ujma J, Castañeda CA, Beveridge R. Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Unveils Global Protein Conformations in Response to Conditions that Promote and Reverse Liquid-Liquid Phase Separation. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37276246 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a process by which biomacromolecules, particularly proteins, condense into a dense phase that resembles liquid droplets. Dysregulation of LLPS is implicated in disease, yet the relationship between protein conformational changes and LLPS remains difficult to discern. This is due to the high flexibility and disordered nature of many proteins that phase separate under physiological conditions and their tendency to oligomerize. Here, we demonstrate that ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) overcomes these limitations. We used IM-MS to investigate the conformational states of full-length ubiquilin-2 (UBQLN2) protein, LLPS of which is driven by high-salt concentration and reversed by noncovalent interactions with ubiquitin (Ub). IM-MS revealed that UBQLN2 exists as a mixture of monomers and dimers and that increasing salt concentration causes the UBQLN2 dimers to undergo a subtle shift toward extended conformations. UBQLN2 binds to Ub in 2:1 and 2:2 UBQLN2/Ub complexes, which have compact geometries compared to free UBQLN2 dimers. Together, these results suggest that extended conformations of UBQLN2 are correlated with UBQLN2's ability to phase separate. Overall, delineating protein conformations that are implicit in LLPS will greatly increase understanding of the phase separation process, both in normal cell physiology and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Glen Robb
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Thuy P Dao
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Jakub Ujma
- Waters Corporation, Stamford Avenue, Altrincham Road, Wilmslow SK9 4AX, U.K
| | - Carlos A Castañeda
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, United States
| | - Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
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5
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The Melanoma-Associated Antigen Family A (MAGE-A): A Promising Target for Cancer Immunotherapy? Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061779. [PMID: 36980665 PMCID: PMC10046478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Early efforts to identify tumor-associated antigens over the last decade have provided unique cancer epitopes for targeted cancer therapy. MAGE-A proteins are a subclass of cancer/testis (CT) antigens that are presented on the cell surface by MHC class I molecules as an immune-privileged site. This is due to their restricted expression to germline cells and a wide range of cancers, where they are associated with resistance to chemotherapy, metastasis, and cancer cells with an increasing potential for survival. This makes them an appealing candidate target for designing an effective and specific immunotherapy, thereby suggesting that targeting oncogenic MAGE-As with cancer vaccination, adoptive T-cell transfer, or a combination of therapies would be promising. In this review, we summarize and discuss previous and ongoing (pre-)clinical studies that target these antigens, while bearing in mind the benefits and drawbacks of various therapeutic strategies, in order to speculate on future directions for MAGE-A-specific immunotherapies.
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6
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Tsimberidou AM, Van Morris K, Vo HH, Eck S, Lin YF, Rivas JM, Andersson BS. T-cell receptor-based therapy: an innovative therapeutic approach for solid tumors. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:102. [PMID: 34193217 PMCID: PMC8243554 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR)-based adoptive therapy employs genetically modified lymphocytes that are directed against specific tumor markers. This therapeutic modality requires a structured and integrated process that involves patient screening (e.g., for HLA-A*02:01 and specific tumor targets), leukapheresis, generation of transduced TCR product, lymphodepletion, and infusion of the TCR-based adoptive therapy. In this review, we summarize the current technology and early clinical development of TCR-based therapy in patients with solid tumors. The challenges of TCR-based therapy include those associated with TCR product manufacturing, patient selection, and preparation with lymphodepletion. Overcoming these challenges, and those posed by the immunosuppressive microenvironment, as well as developing next-generation strategies is essential to improving the efficacy and safety of TCR-based therapies. Optimization of technology to generate TCR product, treatment administration, and patient monitoring for adverse events is needed. The implementation of novel TCR strategies will require expansion of the TCR approach to patients with HLA haplotypes beyond HLA-A*02:01 and the discovery of novel tumor markers that are expressed in more patients and tumor types. Ongoing clinical trials will determine the ultimate role of TCR-based therapy in patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolia-Maria Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Unit 455, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Karlyle Van Morris
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Henry Hiep Vo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, Unit 455, Phase I Clinical Trials Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen Eck
- MacroGenics, Inc., 9704 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yu-Feng Lin
- Immatics US, Inc., 2201 Holcombe Blvd., Suite 205, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Borje S Andersson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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7
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Beveridge R, Calabrese AN. Structural Proteomics Methods to Interrogate the Conformations and Dynamics of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Front Chem 2021; 9:603639. [PMID: 33791275 PMCID: PMC8006314 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.603639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and regions of intrinsic disorder (IDRs) are abundant in proteomes and are essential for many biological processes. Thus, they are often implicated in disease mechanisms, including neurodegeneration and cancer. The flexible nature of IDPs and IDRs provides many advantages, including (but not limited to) overcoming steric restrictions in binding, facilitating posttranslational modifications, and achieving high binding specificity with low affinity. IDPs adopt a heterogeneous structural ensemble, in contrast to typical folded proteins, making it challenging to interrogate their structure using conventional tools. Structural mass spectrometry (MS) methods are playing an increasingly important role in characterizing the structure and function of IDPs and IDRs, enabled by advances in the design of instrumentation and the development of new workflows, including in native MS, ion mobility MS, top-down MS, hydrogen-deuterium exchange MS, crosslinking MS, and covalent labeling. Here, we describe the advantages of these methods that make them ideal to study IDPs and highlight recent applications where these tools have underpinned new insights into IDP structure and function that would be difficult to elucidate using other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Beveridge
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio N. Calabrese
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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8
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Florke Gee RR, Chen H, Lee AK, Daly CA, Wilander BA, Fon Tacer K, Potts PR. Emerging roles of the MAGE protein family in stress response pathways. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16121-16155. [PMID: 32921631 PMCID: PMC7681028 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.008029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma antigen (MAGE) proteins all contain a MAGE homology domain. MAGE genes are conserved in all eukaryotes and have expanded from a single gene in lower eukaryotes to ∼40 genes in humans and mice. Whereas some MAGEs are ubiquitously expressed in tissues, others are expressed in only germ cells with aberrant reactivation in multiple cancers. Much of the initial research on MAGEs focused on exploiting their antigenicity and restricted expression pattern to target them with cancer immunotherapy. Beyond their potential clinical application and role in tumorigenesis, recent studies have shown that MAGE proteins regulate diverse cellular and developmental pathways, implicating them in many diseases besides cancer, including lung, renal, and neurodevelopmental disorders. At the molecular level, many MAGEs bind to E3 RING ubiquitin ligases and, thus, regulate their substrate specificity, ligase activity, and subcellular localization. On a broader scale, the MAGE genes likely expanded in eutherian mammals to protect the germline from environmental stress and aid in stress adaptation, and this stress tolerance may explain why many cancers aberrantly express MAGEs Here, we present an updated, comprehensive review on the MAGE family that highlights general characteristics, emphasizes recent comparative studies in mice, and describes the diverse functions exerted by individual MAGEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca R Florke Gee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Helen Chen
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Anna K Lee
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Christina A Daly
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Benjamin A Wilander
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, Texas, USA.
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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9
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Sarbu M, Clemmer DE, Zamfir AD. Ion mobility mass spectrometry of human melanoma gangliosides. Biochimie 2020; 177:226-237. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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10
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Tsang YH, Wang Y, Kong K, Grzeskowiak C, Zagorodna O, Dogruluk T, Lu H, Villafane N, Bhavana VH, Moreno D, Elsea SH, Liang H, Mills GB, Scott KL. Differential expression of MAGEA6 toggles autophagy to promote pancreatic cancer progression. eLife 2020; 9:48963. [PMID: 32270762 PMCID: PMC7164953 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melanoma-associated antigen family A (MAGEA) antigens are expressed in a wide variety of malignant tumors but not in adult somatic cells, rendering them attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that a number of cancer-associated MAGEA mutants that undergo proteasome-dependent degradation in vitro could negatively impact their utility as immunotherapeutic targets. Importantly, in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell models, MAGEA6 suppresses macroautophagy (autophagy). The inhibition of autophagy is released upon MAGEA6 degradation, which can be induced by nutrient deficiency or by acquisition of cancer-associated mutations. Using xenograft mouse models, we demonstrated that inhibition of autophagy is critical for tumor initiation whereas reinstitution of autophagy as a consequence of MAGEA6 degradation contributes to tumor progression. These findings could inform cancer immunotherapeutic strategies for targeting MAGEA antigens and provide mechanistic insight into the divergent roles of MAGEA6 during pancreatic cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiu Huen Tsang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Cell, Develop & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States
| | - Yumeng Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kathleen Kong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Caitlin Grzeskowiak
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Oksana Zagorodna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Turgut Dogruluk
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Hengyu Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Nicole Villafane
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Michael E DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | | | - Daniela Moreno
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Sarah H Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Han Liang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Cell, Develop & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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11
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Cancer-testis antigens MAGEA proteins are incorporated into extracellular vesicles released by cells. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3694-3708. [PMID: 31217903 PMCID: PMC6557214 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGEA) family proteins represent a class of tumor antigens that are expressed in a variety of malignant tumors, but their expression in normal tissues is restricted to germ cells. MAGEA family consists of eleven proteins that are highly conserved sharing the common MAGE homology domain (MHD). In the current study, we show that MAGEA4 and MAGEA10 proteins are incorporated into extracellular vesicles released by mouse fibroblast and human osteosarcoma U2OS cells and are expressed, at least partly, on the surface of released EVs. The C-terminal part of the protein containing MHD domain is required for this activity. Expression of MAGEA proteins induced the budding of cells and formation of extracellular vesicles with 150 to 1500 nm in diameter. Our data suggest that the release of MAGEA-positive EVs is at least to some extent induced by the expression of MAGEA proteins itself. This may be one of the mechanisms of MAGEA proteins to induce cancer formation and progression.
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12
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Santambrogio C, Natalello A, Brocca S, Ponzini E, Grandori R. Conformational Characterization and Classification of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins by Native Mass Spectrometry and Charge‐State Distribution Analysis. Proteomics 2018; 19:e1800060. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Santambrogio
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Antonino Natalello
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Stefania Brocca
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Erika Ponzini
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
| | - Rita Grandori
- Department of Biotechnology and BiosciencesUniversity of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 20126 Milan Italy
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13
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Gordeeva O. Cancer-testis antigens: Unique cancer stem cell biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2018; 53:75-89. [PMID: 30171980 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTAs) are considered as unique and promising cancer biomarkers and targets for cancer therapy. CTAs are multifunctional protein group with specific expression patterns in normal embryonic and adult cells and various types of cancer cells. CTAs are involved in regulating of the basic cellular processes during development, stem cell differentiation and carcinogenesis though the biological roles and cell functions of CTA families remain largely unclear. Analysis of CTA expression patterns in embryonic germ and somatic cells, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells, cancer stem cells and their cell descendants indicates that rearrangements of characteristic CTA profiles (aberrant expression) could be associated with cancer transformation and failure of the developmental program of cell lineage specification and germ line restriction. Therefore, aberrant CTA profiles can be used as panels of biomarkers for diagnoses and the selection of cancer treatment strategies. Moreover, immunogenic CTAs are prospective targets for cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials testing broad range of cancer therapeutic vaccines against antigens of MAGEA and NY-ESO-1 families for treating various cancers have shown mixed clinical efficiency, safety and tolerability, suggesting the requirement of in-depth research of CTA expression in normal and cancer stem cells and extensive clinical trials for improving cancer immunotherapy technologies. This review focuses on recent advancement in study of CTAs in normal and cancer cells, particularly in normal and cancer stem cells, and provides a new insight into CTA expression patterns during normal and cancer stem cell lineage development. Additionally, new approaches in development of effective CTA-based therapies exclusively targeting cancer stem cells will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gordeeva
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Histogenesis, Kol'tsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 26 Vavilov Street, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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14
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Abstract
Melanoma antigen L2 (MAGEL2 or MAGE-L2) is a member of the MAGE family of ubiquitin ligase regulators. It is maternally imprinted and often paternally deleted or mutated in the related neurodevelopmental syndromes, Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) and Schaaf-Yang Syndrome (SHFYNG). MAGEL2 is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in a fundamental cellular process that recycles membrane proteins from endosomes through the retromer sorting pathway. MAGEL2 is part of a multi-subunit protein complex consisting of MAGEL2, the TRIM27 E3 ubiquitin ligase, and the USP7 deubiquitinating enzyme. The MAGEL2-USP7-TRIM27 (or MUST) complex facilitates the retromer recycling pathway through ubiquitination and activation of the WASH actin nucleation promoting factor. This review provides an overview of the MAGE protein family of ubiquitin ligases regulators and details the molecular and cellular role of MAGEL2 in ubiquitination, actin regulation and endosomal sorting processes, as well as MAGEL2 implications in PWS and SHFYNG disorders. The physiological functions of MAGEL2, elucidated through the study of Magel2 knockout mouse models, are also discussed.
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15
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Tian H, Zheng N, Li S, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Wen F, Wang J. Characterization of chiral amino acids from different milk origins using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ion-mobility mass spectrometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46289. [PMID: 28393862 PMCID: PMC5385494 DOI: 10.1038/srep46289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains free amino acids (AAs) that play essential roles in maintaining the growth and health of infants, and D-AA isomers are increasingly being recognized as important signalling molecules. However, there are no studies of the different characteristics of chiral AA (C-AA) from different milk origins. Here, UPLC coupled to ion-mobility high-resolution MS (IM-HRMS) was employed to characterize 18 pairs of C-AAs in human, cow, yak, buffalo, goat, and camel milk. The results proved that milk origins can be differentiated based on the D- to L- AA ratio-based projection scores by principal component analysis. The present study gives a deeper understanding of the D- to L- AA ratio underlying the biological functions of different animal milks, and provide a new strategy for the study of AA metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Nan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Songli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yangdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Shengguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality& Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products (Beijing), Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, P.R. China
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Lee AK, Potts PR. A Comprehensive Guide to the MAGE Family of Ubiquitin Ligases. J Mol Biol 2017; 429:1114-1142. [PMID: 28300603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma antigen (MAGE) genes are conserved in all eukaryotes and encode for proteins sharing a common MAGE homology domain. Although only a single MAGE gene exists in lower eukaryotes, the MAGE family rapidly expanded in eutherians and consists of more than 50 highly conserved genes in humans. A subset of MAGEs initially garnered interest as cancer biomarkers and immunotherapeutic targets due to their antigenic properties and unique expression pattern that is primary restricted to germ cells and aberrantly reactivated in various cancers. However, further investigation revealed that MAGEs not only drive tumorigenesis but also regulate pathways essential for diverse cellular and developmental processes. Therefore, MAGEs are implicated in a broad range of diseases including neurodevelopmental, renal, and lung disorders, and cancer. Recent biochemical and biophysical studies indicate that MAGEs assemble with E3 RING ubiquitin ligases to form MAGE-RING ligases (MRLs) and act as regulators of ubiquitination by modulating ligase activity, substrate specification, and subcellular localization. Here, we present a comprehensive guide to MAGEs highlighting the molecular mechanisms of MRLs and their physiological roles in germ cell and neural development, oncogenic functions in cancer, and potential as therapeutic targets in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Lee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan Potts
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA.
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17
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Zeuner B, González-Delgado I, Holck J, Morales G, López-Muñoz MJ, Segura Y, S. Meyer A, Dalgaard Mikkelsen J. Characterization and immobilization of engineered sialidases from Trypanosoma rangeli for transsialylation. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2017.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
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