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Fominski V, Fominski D, Demin M, Romanov R, Goikhman A. Enhanced Tribological Performance of Low-Friction Nanocomposite WSe xS y/NP-W Coatings Prepared by Reactive PLD. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1122. [PMID: 36986016 PMCID: PMC10051849 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel laser-based method for producing nanocomposite coatings consisting of a tungsten sulfoselenide (WSexSy) matrix and W nanoparticles (NP-W) was developed. Pulsed laser ablation of WSe2 was carried out in H2S gas under appropriate laser fluence and reactive gas pressure. It was found that moderate sulfur doping (S/Se ~0.2-0.3) leads to significant improvement in the tribological properties of WSexSy/NP-W coatings at room temperature. Changes in the coatings during tribotesting depended on the load on the counter body. The lowest coefficient of friction (~0.02) with a high wear resistance was observed in a N2 environment at an increased load (5 N), resulting from certain structural and chemical changes in the coatings. A tribofilm with a layered atomic packing was observed in the surface layer of the coating. The incorporation of nanoparticles into the coating increased its hardness, which may have influenced the formation of the tribofilm. The initial matrix composition, which had a higher content of chalcogen atoms ((Se + S)/W~2.6-3.5), was altered in the tribofilm to a composition close to the stoichiometric one ((Se + S)/W~1.9). W nanoparticles were ground and retained under the tribofilm, which impacted the effective contact area with the counter body. Changes in the tribotesting conditions-lowering the temperature in a N2 environment-resulted in considerable deterioration of the tribological properties of these coatings. Only coating with a higher S content that was obtained at increased H2S pressure exhibited remarkable wear resistance and a low coefficient of friction, measuring 0.06, even under complicated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Demin
- Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St. 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Roman Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh. 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Goikhman
- Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St. 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
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Romanov RI, Fominski DV, Demin MV, Gritskevich MD, Doroshina NV, Volkov VS, Fominski VY. Tribological Properties of WS 2 Thin Films Containing Graphite-like Carbon and Ni Interlayers. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 16:282. [PMID: 36614621 PMCID: PMC9822394 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development and production of thin-film coatings having very low friction is an urgent problem of materials science. One of the most promising solutions is the fabrication of special nanocomposites containing transition-metal dichalcogenides and various carbon-based nanophases. This study aims to explore the influence of graphite-like carbon (g-C) and Ni interface layers on the tribological properties of thin WS2 films. Nanocrystalline WS2 films were created by reactive pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in H2S at 500 °C. Between the two WS2 nanolayers, g-C and Ni nanofilms were fabricated by PLD at 700 and 22 °C, respectively. Tribotesting was carried out in a nitrogen-enriched atmosphere by the reciprocal sliding of a steel counterbody under a relatively low load of 1 N. For single-layer WS2 films, the friction coefficient was ~0.04. The application of g-C films did not noticeably improve the tribological properties of WS2-based films. However, the application of thin films of g-C and Ni reduced the friction coefficient to 0.013, thus, approaching superlubricity. The island morphology of the Ni nanofilm ensured WS2 retention and altered the contact area between the counterbody and the film surface. The catalytic properties of nickel facilitated the introduction of S and H atoms into g-C. The sliding of WS2 nanoplates against an amorphous g-C(S, H) nanolayer caused a lower coefficient of friction than the relative sliding of WS2 nanoplates. The detected behavior of the prepared thin films suggests a new strategy of designing antifriction coatings for practical applications and highlights the ample opportunities of laser techniques in the formation of promising thin-film coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman I. Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Dmitry V. Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Maxim V. Demin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia
| | - Mariya D. Gritskevich
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Doroshina
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Valentyn S. Volkov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT), Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Yu. Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, Moscow 115409, Russia
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Electrochemical Properties of TiWN/TiWC Multilayer Coatings Deposited by RF-Magnetron Sputtering on AISI 1060. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nitride and carbide ternary coatings improve the wear and corrosion resistance of carbon steel substrates. In this work, Ti-W-N and Ti-W-C coatings were deposited on AISI 1060 steel substrates using reactive radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. The coatings were designed as monolayers, bilayers, and multilayers of 40 periods. The coatings were obtained with simultaneous sputtering of Ti and W targets. The microstructure, composition, and electrochemical properties were investigated by techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization. XRD results shower a mix of binary TiN and W2N structures in the Ti-W-N layer, a ternary phase in Ti-W-C layers, in addition of a quaternary phase of Ti-W-CN in the multilayers. The analysis of the XPS demonstrated that the atomic concentration of Ti was more significant than W in the Ti-W-N and Ti-W-C layers. The lowest corrosion rate (0.19 mm/year−1) and highest impedance (~10 kΩ·cm2) out of all coatings were found in n = 40 bilayers. In the simulation of equivalent electrical circuits, it was found that the Ti-W-N coating presented three processes of impedance (Pore resistance + Coating + Inductance). However, the multilayer (n = 40) system presented a major dielectric constant through the electrolyte adsorption; therefore, this caused an increase in the capacitance of the coating.
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Fominski V, Fominski D, Romanov R, Gritskevich M, Demin M, Shvets P, Maksimova K, Goikhman A. Specific Features of Reactive Pulsed Laser Deposition of Solid Lubricating Nanocomposite Mo-S-C-H Thin-Film Coatings. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122456. [PMID: 33302538 PMCID: PMC7764125 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates the structure and chemical states of thin-film coatings obtained by pulsed laser codeposition of Mo and C in a reactive gas (H2S). The coatings were analysed for their prospective use as solid lubricating coatings for friction units operating in extreme conditions. Pulsed laser ablation of molybdenum and graphite targets was accompanied by the effective interaction of the deposited Mo and C layers with the reactive gas and the chemical states of Mo- and C-containing nanophases were interdependent. This had a negative effect on the tribological properties of Mo–S–C–H nanocomposite coatings obtained at H2S pressures of 9 and 18 Pa, which were optimal for obtaining MoS2 and MoS3 coatings, respectively. The best tribological properties were found for the Mo–S–C–H_5.5 coating formed at an H2S pressure of 5.5 Pa. At this pressure, the x = S/Mo ratio in the MoSx nanophase was slightly less than 2, and the a-C(S,H) nanophase contained ~8 at.% S and ~16 at.% H. The a-C(S,H) nanophase with this composition provided a low coefficient of friction (~0.03) at low ambient humidity and 22 °C. The nanophase composition in Mo–S–C–H_5.5 coating demonstrated fairly good antifriction properties and increased wear resistance even at −100 °C. For wet friction conditions, Mo–S–C–H nanocomposite coatings did not have significant advantages in reducing friction compared to the MoS2 and MoS3 coatings formed by reactive pulsed laser deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dmitry Fominski
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Roman Romanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Mariya Gritskevich
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Kashirskoe sh., 31, 115409 Moscow, Russia; (D.F.); (R.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Maxim Demin
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Petr Shvets
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Ksenia Maksimova
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Goikhman
- Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo St 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia; (M.D.); (P.S.); (K.M.); (A.G.)
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Vuchkov T, Yaqub TB, Evaristo M, Cavaleiro A. Synthesis, microstructural and mechanical properties of self-lubricating Mo-Se-C coatings deposited by closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering. SURFACE AND COATINGS TECHNOLOGY 2020; 394:125889. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Xu J, He TF, Chai LQ, Qiao L, Zhang XQ, Wang P, Liu WM. Selective-releasing-affected lubricant mechanism of a self-assembled MoS2/Mo–S–C nanoperiod multilayer film sliding in diverse atmospheres. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:8161-8173. [PMID: 28079215 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp08356k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A self-assembled MoS2/Mo–S–C multilayer film prepared by r.f. co-sputtering of MoS2 and graphite targets was tribotested in diverse sliding atmospheres, and the lubricant mechanism and its correlations to the selective releasing behavior of non-lubricant component were analyzed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - T. F. He
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - L. Q. Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - L. Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - X. Q. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - P. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
| | - W. M. Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- People's Republic of China
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