1
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Albarkaty KS, Kumi-Barimah E, Zhang J, Yang Z, Jose G. Femtosecond Laser Deposition of Germanium Selenide onto Silicon Platform at Different Substrate Temperatures. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122003. [PMID: 35745342 PMCID: PMC9228077 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Germanium selenide (GeSe) thin films were fabricated by employing femtosecond pulsed-laser deposition (fs-PLD) on silicon (100) substrates at various substrate temperatures, ranging from 25 °C to 600 °C. The thin films’ surface morphology qualities and optical properties were studied by utilising transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The X-ray diffraction result signifies that the thin films deposited on the silicon at a substrate temperature below 400 °C were amorphous Ge-Se. In contrast, those grown at 400 °C and above exhibited crystallised peaks of Ge-Se orthorhombic and tetragonal structures. The deposition growth rate of the thin films was also found to decrease substantially with increasing substrate temperature. These results show that the fs-PLD process has great potential for fabricating good quality Ge-Se thin film. This technique could enable the manufacture of modern optoelectronic devices for applications in optical communication, sensing, and ovonic threshold switching for the high-density crossbar memory array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheir S. Albarkaty
- Department of Physics, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Eric Kumi-Barimah
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China;
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, China;
| | - Gin Jose
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
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2
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Prokeš L, Gorylová M, Čermák Šraitrová K, Nazabal V, Havel J, Němec P. Arsenic-Doped SnSe Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Deposition. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:17483-17491. [PMID: 34278134 PMCID: PMC8280661 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Pulsed UV laser deposition was exploited for the preparation of thin Sn50-x As x Se50 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5) films with the aim of investigating the influence of low arsenic concentration on the properties of the deposited layers. It was found that the selected deposition method results in growth of a highly (h00) oriented orthorhombic SnSe phase. The thin films were characterized by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman scattering spectroscopy, and spectroscopic ellipsometry. From the results, it can be concluded that thin films containing 0.5 atom % of As exhibited extreme values regarding crystallite size, unit cell volume, or refractive index that significantly differ from those of other samples. Laser ablation with quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry was used to identify and compare species present in the plasma originating from the interaction of a laser pulse with solid-state Sn50-x As x Se50 materials in both forms, i.e. parent powders as well as deposited thin films. The mass spectra of both materials were similar; particularly, signals of Sn m Se n + clusters with low m and n values were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomír Prokeš
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Gorylová
- Department
of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Čermák Šraitrová
- Institute
of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Department
of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Univ
Rennes, CNRS, ISCR UMR6226, ScanMAT UMS
2001, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Josef Havel
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk
University, Kamenice 5/A14, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Department
of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Han JH, Jeong H, Park H, Kwon H, Kim D, Lim D, Baik SJ, Kwon YK, Cho MH. Enhanced reliability of phase-change memory via modulation of local structure and chemical bonding by incorporating carbon in Ge 2Sb 2Te 5. RSC Adv 2021; 11:22479-22488. [PMID: 35480803 PMCID: PMC9034215 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of phase-change characteristics on the device performance of carbon-incorporated Ge2Sb2Te5 (CGST) to understand the origin of the enhanced reliability and stabilization of the device. Macroscopic and microscopic measurements confirmed that the structural stability significantly increased with the incorporation of as much as 10% carbon. After the completion of bond formation between C and Ge, the excess C (>5 atomic%) engages in bonding with Sb in localized regions because of the difference in formation energy. These bonds of C with Ge and Sb induce non-uniform local charge density of the short-range order. Finally, because the strong bonds between Ge and C shorten the short Ge-Te bonds, the high thermal stability of CGST relative to that of GST can be attributed to intensified Peierls distortion. The formation of strong bonds successfully underpins the local structures and reduces the stochastic effect. Moreover, extension of the C bonding to Sb enhances the structural reliability, resulting in highly stable CGST in the amorphous phase. Finally, the device stability of CGST in the reset state of the amorphous structure during the device switching process was significantly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hwa Han
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hun Jeong
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Park
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoedon Kwon
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Dasol Kim
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeok Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, UNIST Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Baik
- Faculty of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hankyong National University Anseong 17579 Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Kwon
- Department of Physics, Research Institute for Basic Sciences, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea .,Department of Information Display, Kyung Hee University Seoul 02447 Republic of Korea
| | - Mann-Ho Cho
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea .,Department of System Semiconductor Engineering, Yonsei University Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea
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4
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Normani S, Louvet G, Baudet E, Bouška M, Gutwirth J, Starecki F, Doualan JL, Ledemi Y, Messaddeq Y, Adam JL, Němec P, Nazabal V. Comparative study of Er 3+-doped Ga-Ge-Sb-S thin films fabricated by sputtering and pulsed laser deposition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7997. [PMID: 32409661 PMCID: PMC7224381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the renewed interest in rare earth-doped chalcogenide glasses lying mainly in mid-infrared applications, a few comprehensive studies so far have presented the photoluminescence of amorphous chalcogenide films from visible to mid-infrared. This work reports the fabrication of luminescent quaternary sulfide thin films using radio-frequency sputtering and pulsed laser deposition, and the characterization of their chemical composition, morphology, structure, refractive index and Er3+ photoluminescence. The study of Er3+ 4I13/2 level lifetimes enables developing suitable deposition parameters; the dependency of composition, structural and spectroscopic properties on deposition parameters provides a way to tailor the RE-doped thin film properties. The surface roughness is very low for both deposition methods, ensuring reasonable propagation optical losses. The effects of annealing on the sulfide films spectroscopy and lifetimes were assessed. PLD appears consistent composition-wise, and largely independent of the deposition conditions, but radiofrequency magnetron sputtering seems to be more versatile, as one may tailor the film properties through deposition parameters manipulation. The luminescence via rare earth-doped chalcogenide waveguiding micro-structures might find easy-to-use applications concerning telecommunications or on-chip optical sensors for which luminescent sources or amplifiers operating at different wavelengths are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Normani
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Geoffrey Louvet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France.,Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Emeline Baudet
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bouška
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gutwirth
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Florent Starecki
- CIMAP UMR-CNRS 6252, Université de Caen Normandie, 14050, Caen, France
| | | | - Yannick Ledemi
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Younes Messaddeq
- Centre d'Optique, Photonique et Laser (COPL), 2375 rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada
| | - Jean-Luc Adam
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic. .,Univ Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) - UMR 6226, F-35000, Rennes, France.
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5
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Optimizing the Structural, Electrical and Thermoelectric Properties of Antimony Telluride Thin Films Deposited on Aluminum Nitride-coated Stainless Steel Foil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6978. [PMID: 32332836 PMCID: PMC7181849 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examined the thermoelectric (TE) properties of co-evaporated p-type antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) thin films on aluminum nitride (AlN)-coated stainless steel foil substrates. We investigated the influence of composition and substrate temperature on the thin-film microstructure and transport properties, by varying the tellurium (Te) concentration in the thin films as well as the substrate temperature during deposition (room temperature (RT) and 300 °C). Thin films prepared with an RT substrate were further annealed at 264 °C to obtain crystallized thin films with high phase purity. Columnar thin films with large grains and a standard multi-oriented crystal structure were obtained when thin films were deposited on substrates heated to 300 °C. Thin films deposited at RT and subsequently annealed at 264 °C had a dense, layered microstructure, with a preferential c-axis or (00 l) texture as the compositions approached phase stoichiometry. The temperature dependence of the thermoelectric properties was measured, and variations were interpreted in terms of the deviation from stoichiometry and the obtained microstructure. A maximum power factor (PF) of 0.87 mW/m ∙ K2 was obtained for off-stoichiometric 65.0 at% Te thin film, which was the highest among the samples deposited at high substrate temperatures. A higher PF of 1.0 mW/m ∙ K2 was found for off-stoichiometric thin films with 64.5 at% Te, which was deposited at RT and subsequently annealed. The improvement of thermoelectric power in films containing excess Te could be related to energy dependent carrier scattering at the Sb2Te3/Te interface.
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6
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Bouška M, Nazabal V, Gutwirth J, Halenkovič T, Přikryl J, Normani S, Němec P. GaTe-Sb 2Te 3 thin-films phase change characteristics. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1067-1070. [PMID: 32108771 DOI: 10.1364/ol.386779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A radio frequency magnetron co-sputtering technique exploiting GaTe and ${\rm Sb}_2 {\rm Te}_3$Sb2Te3 targets was used for the fabrication of Ga-Sb-Te thin films. Prepared layers cover broad region of chemical composition (${\sim}{10.0 {-} 26.3}\,\, {\rm at.}$∼10.0-26.3at. % of Ga, ${\sim}{19.9 {-} 34.4}\,\, {\rm at.}$∼19.9-34.4at. % of Sb) while keeping Te content fairly constant (53.8-55.6 at. % of Te). Upon crystallization induced by annealing, large variations in electrical contrast were found, reaching a sheet resistance ratio of ${{R}_{\rm annealed}}/{{R}_{\rm as - deposited}}\;\sim{2.2} \times {{10}^{ - 8}}$Rannealed/Ras-deposited∼2.2×10-8 for the ${{\rm Ga}_{26.3}}{{\rm Sb}_{19.9}}{{\rm Te}_{53.8}}$Ga26.3Sb19.9Te53.8 layer. Phase transition from the amorphous to crystalline state further leads to huge changes of optical functions demonstrated by optical contrast values up to $|\Delta n| + |\Delta k| = {4.20}$|Δn|+|Δk|=4.20 for ${{\rm Ga}_{26.3}}{{\rm Sb}_{19.9}}{{\rm Te}_{53.8}}$Ga26.3Sb19.9Te53.8 composition.
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7
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Řičica T, Milasheuskaya Y, Růžičková Z, Němec P, Švanda P, Zmrhalová ZO, Jambor R, Bouška M. Synthesis and Application of Monomeric Chalcogenolates of 13 Group Elements. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:4229-4235. [PMID: 31589377 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201901085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Utilization of the N,C,N-chelating ligand L (L={2,6-(Me2 NCH2 )2 C6 H3 }- ) in the chemistry of 13 group elements provided either N→In coordinated monomeric chalcogenides LIn(μ-E4 ) (E=S, Se) with unprecedented InE4 inorganic ring or monomeric chalcogenolates LM(EPh)2 (M=Ga, In). Complex LGa(SePh)2 was selected as the most suitable single source precursor (SSP) for the deposition of amorphous semiconducting GaSe thin films using spin coating method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řičica
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Yaraslava Milasheuskaya
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zdeňka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Art and Photophysics, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Švanda
- Department of Mechanics Materials and Machine Parts, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Olmrová Zmrhalová
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bouška
- Department of Graphic Art and Photophysics, University of Pardubice, Studentská 95, 532 10, Pardubice, Czech Republic
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8
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Mawale R, Halenkovič T, Bouška M, Gutwirth J, Nazabal V, Bora PL, Pečinka L, Prokeš L, Havel J, Němec P. Mass spectrometric investigation of amorphous Ga-Sb-Se thin films. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10213. [PMID: 31308483 PMCID: PMC6629872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46767-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous chalcogenide thin films are widely studied due to their enhanced properties and extensive applications. Here, we have studied amorphous Ga-Sb-Se chalcogenide thin films prepared by magnetron co-sputtering, via laser ablation quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the stoichiometry of the generated clusters was determined which gives information about individual species present in the plasma plume originating from the interaction of amorphous chalcogenides with high energy laser pulses. Seven different compositions of thin films (Ga content 7.6–31.7 at. %, Sb content 5.2–31.2 at. %, Se content 61.2–63.3 at. %) were studied and in each case about ~50 different clusters were identified in positive and ~20–30 clusters in negative ion mode. Assuming that polymers can influence the laser desorption (laser ablation) process, we have used parafilm as a material to reduce the destruction of the amorphous network structure and/or promote the laser ablation synthesis of heavier species from those of lower mass. In this case, many new and higher mass clusters were identified. The maximum number of (40) new clusters was detected for the Ga-Sb-Se thin film containing the highest amount of antimony (31.2 at. %). This approach opens new possibilities for laser desorption ionization/laser ablation study of other materials. Finally, for selected binary and ternary clusters, their structure was calculated by using density functional theory optimization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mawale
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Halenkovič
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Marek Bouška
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gutwirth
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.,Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, Equipe Verres et Céramiques, Université de Rennes 1, 35042, Rennes, France
| | - Pankaj Lochan Bora
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEITEC-Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Pečinka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Prokeš
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical Electronics, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic.,CEPLANT, R&D Centre for Low-Cost Plasma and Nanotechnology Surface Modification, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 61137, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Havel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Arts and Photophysics, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 53210, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Kim Y, Han B, Kim YJ, Shin J, Kim S, Hidayat R, Park JM, Koh W, Lee WJ. Atomic layer deposition and tellurization of Ge-Sb film for phase-change memory applications. RSC Adv 2019; 9:17291-17298. [PMID: 35519870 PMCID: PMC9064561 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02188d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the tellurization of Ge–Sb films to prepare conformal crystalline Ge–Sb–Te (GST) films and to achieve void-free gap filling for emerging phase-change memory applications. ALD Ge–Sb film was prepared by alternating exposures to GeCl2-dioxane and Sb(SiEt3)3 precursors at 100 °C. The growth rate was 0.021 nm per cycle, and the composition ratio of Ge to Sb was approximately 2.2. We annealed the ALD Ge–Sb films with a pulsed feeding of di(tert-butyl)tellurium. The ALD Ge–Sb films turned into GST films by the tellurization annealing. When the tellurization temperature was raised to 190 °C or higher temperatures, the Raman peaks corresponding to Ge–Sb bond and amorphous Ge–Ge bond disappeared. The Raman peaks corresponding to Ge–Te and Sb–Te bonds were evolved at 200 °C or higher temperatures, resulting in the phase transition temperature of 123 °C. At 230 °C or higher temperatures, the entire film was fully tellurized to form a GST film having a relatively uniform composition of Ge3Sb2Te6, and the carbon impurities in the as-deposited ALD Ge–Sb film were eliminated. As the tellurization temperature increases, the volume of the ALD film is expanded owing to the incorporation of tellurium, resulting in complete filling of a trench pattern by GST film after the tellurization at 230 °C. We studied the atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the tellurization of Ge–Sb films to prepare conformal crystalline Ge–Sb–Te (GST) films and to achieve void-free gap filling for emerging phase-change memory applications.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yewon Kim
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeol Han
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoon Shin
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyoon Kim
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Romel Hidayat
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
| | - Wonyong Koh
- UP Chemical Co., Ltd. Pyeongtaek-Si Gyeonggi-do 17749 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Lee
- Departments of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University Seoul 05006 Republic of Korea
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10
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Bulai G, Pompilian O, Gurlui S, Nemec P, Nazabal V, Cimpoesu N, Chazallon B, Focsa C. Ge-Sb-Te Chalcogenide Thin Films Deposited by Nanosecond, Picosecond, and Femtosecond Laser Ablation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E676. [PMID: 31052395 PMCID: PMC6567795 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ge-Sb-Te thin films were obtained by ns-, ps-, and fs-pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in various experimental conditions. The thickness of the samples was influenced by the Nd-YAG laser wavelength, fluence, target-to-substrate distance, and deposition time. The topography and chemical analysis results showed that the films deposited by ns-PLD revealed droplets on the surface together with a decreased Te concentration and Sb over-stoichiometry. Thin films with improved surface roughness and chemical compositions close to nominal values were deposited by ps- and fs-PLD. The X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy results showed that the samples obtained with ns pulses were partially crystallized while the lower fluences used in ps- and fs-PLD led to amorphous depositions. The optical parameters of the ns-PLD samples were correlated to their structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Bulai
- Integrated Centre for Environmental Science Studies in the North-East Development Region-CERNESIM, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Oana Pompilian
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, CERLA-Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications, Lille F-59000, France.
- National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele-Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Silviu Gurlui
- Faculty of Physics, "Al. I. Cuza" University of Iasi, 700506 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Petr Nemec
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
| | - Virginie Nazabal
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, 53210 Pardubice, Czech Republic.
- Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)⁻UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France.
| | - Nicanor Cimpoesu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 700050 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Bertrand Chazallon
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, CERLA-Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications, Lille F-59000, France.
| | - Cristian Focsa
- Université de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523-PhLAM-Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, CERLA-Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Lasers et Applications, Lille F-59000, France.
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Řičica T, Dostál L, Růžičková Z, Beneš L, Němec P, Bouška M, Macak JM, Knotek P, Ruleová P, Jambor R. Synthesis, Structure and Application of Intramolecularly-Coordinated Gallium Chalcogenides: Suitable Single-Source precursors for Ga
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Materials. Chemistry 2018; 24:14470-14476. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řičica
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Libor Dostál
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Růžičková
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Ludvík Beneš
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Němec
- Department of Graphic Art and Photophysics; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Marek Bouška
- Department of Graphic Art and Photophysics; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jan M. Macak
- Center of Materials and Nanotechnologies, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; 530 02 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Petr Knotek
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Pavlína Ruleová
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Roman Jambor
- Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry; University of Pardubice; 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
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