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Roberts S, Kufahl PR, Ryznar RJ, Norris T, Patel S, Gubler KD, Paz D, Schwimer G, Besserman R, LaPorta AJ. Start-of-day oculomotor screening demonstrates the effects of fatigue and rest during a total immersion training program. Surgery 2023; 174:1193-1200. [PMID: 37640665 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2023.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigating changes in sleep and fatigue metrics during intensive surgical and trauma skills training, this study explored the dynamic association between oculomotor metrics and fatigue. Specifically, alterations in these relations over extended stress exposure, the influence of time of day, and the impact of fatigue exposure on sleep metrics were examined. METHODS Thirty-nine military medical students participated in 6 days of immersion, hyper-realistic, and high-stress experiential casualty training. Participants completed surveys assessing the state of sleepiness with oculomotor tests performed each morning and evening, analyzing eye movement and pupillary change to characterize fatigue. Participants wore Fitbit TM devices to measure overall time asleep and time in each sleep stage during the training. RESULTS Fitbit data showed increased average minutes in rapid eye movement, deep sleep, and less time in light sleep from day 1 to day 4. The microsaccade peak velocity-to-displacement ratio exhibited a morning decrease but not in afternoon sessions, indicating repeated but temporary effects of accumulated fatigue. There were no findings regarding pupil reactivity to illumination changes. CONCLUSION This study describes characteristics of fatigue measured by rapid and individually calibrated oculomotor tests. It demonstrates oculomotor relationships to fatigue in start-of-day testing, providing a direction for timing for optimal fatigue testing. These data suggest that improved sleep could signal resilience to fatigue during afternoon testing. Further investigation with more participants and longer duration is warranted. A deeper understanding of the interrelationships between training, sleep, and fatigue could improve surgical and military fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Roberts
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO.
| | | | - Rebecca J Ryznar
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO
| | - Taylor Norris
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO
| | - Sagar Patel
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO. https://twitter.com/SagarPatel98740
| | - K Dean Gubler
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO. https://twitter.com/RFF4Player
| | - Dean Paz
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO. https://twitter.com/StuDoc_DeanPaz
| | | | | | - Anthony J LaPorta
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greenwood Village, CO
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Shaw BS, Breukelman G, Millard L, Moran J, Brown G, Shaw I. Effects of a maximal cycling all-out anaerobic test on visual performance. Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:777-782. [PMID: 36503379 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2153583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE All-out exercise may not impair all central nervous system processes, such as those related to visual-motor abilities, and may actually prove stimulatory to such tasks allowing athletes and sports conditioning specialists to develop strategies to take advantage of/mitigate the effects of such exercise on athletic performance. BACKGROUND Despite research indicating that visual-motor abilities play a critical role in athletic performance, research has primarily focused on the effect of all-out exercise on processes along the motor pathway, such as resultant force production or simple cognitive tasks. Such research has neglected to investigate the effect of all-out exercise on visual tasks. When investigations on visual tasks are forthcoming, they focus on prolonged aerobic exercise, which is not the primary metabolic pathway for all, or even the majority of sports. METHODS Sixty untrained males (experimental group; N = 30, control group; N = 30) completed a standardised six-item baseline sports vision test battery and one week later, the experimental participants returned to undertake a 30-second Wingate anaerobic test (30-WAnT) immediately followed by the same test battery. RESULTS Significant (P < 0.05) improvements were found in accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness and hand-eye coordination (P < 0.001 for all), but not visual memory (P = 0.242) following the 30-WAnT. CONCLUSIONS Although the mechanisms underlying these improvements in visual task performance have not yet been studied, this study suggests that simple anaerobic all-out exercise does not cause central- or brain-based fatigue impairing the oculomotor system but may rather provide "excitability" of the underlying motor cortex, motoneurons and/or corticofugal connections utilised in visual task response. It appears that the sweeping improvements in visual task performance elucidate the need for an intense anaerobic warm-up when training visual skills and when visual skills form an integral part of athletic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon S Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Gerrit Breukelman
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Lourens Millard
- Department of Human Movement Science, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, South Africa
| | - Jason Moran
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Brown
- Physical Activity and Wellness Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Science, University of Nebraska Kearney, Kearney, Nebraska, United States of America
| | - Ina Shaw
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, United Kingdom
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Hu M, Han M, Zhang H, Li Z, Xu K, Kang H, Zong J, Zhao F, Liu Y, Liu W. Curcumin (CUMINUP60®) mitigates exercise fatigue through regulating PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR pathway in mice. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:2308-2320. [PMID: 36988546 PMCID: PMC10085593 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin is a chemical constituent extracted from Curcuma longa L. Several clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated that it can mitigate exercise fatigue, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, we applied a mouse model of exercise fatigue to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of curcumin's anti-fatigue effect. Depending on body mass, Kunming mice were randomly divided into control, caffeine (positive drug), and curcumin groups, and were given 28 days intragastric administration. Both the caffeine group and curcumin group showed significant improvement in exercise fatigue compared to the control group, as evidenced by the increase in time to exhaustion, as well as the higher quadriceps coefficient, muscle glycogen (MG) content, and increase in the expression of Akt, AMPK, PI3K, and mTOR proteins. While the curcumin group also significantly improved the exercise fatigue of the mice, demonstrating a lower AMP/ATP ratio and lactic acid (LA) content, and increased glycogen synthase (GS), and myonectin content compared to the caffeine group. Therefore, in the present study, we found that curcumin can exert a similar anti-fatigue effect to caffeine and may act by regulating energy metabolism through modulating the expression of the proteins in the PI3K/Akt/AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Hu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Muxuan Han
- College of Health Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Zifa Li
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Kaiyong Xu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Huaixing Kang
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | | | - Feng Zhao
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Yuanxiang Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Encephalopathy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ji’nan, China
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4
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Steinberg N, Elias G, Zeev A, Witchalls J, Waddington G. The Function of the Proprioceptive, Vestibular and Visual Systems Following Fatigue in Individuals With and Without Chronic Ankle Instability. Percept Mot Skills 2023; 130:239-259. [PMID: 36138519 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221128634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To maintain postural balance, the proprioceptive, vestibular, and visual systems continuously provide body position and movement data to the central nervous system. In this study, our main aim was to examine, for the first time, the influence of anaerobically or aerobically induced fatigue on these separate functions in persons with and without chronic ankle instability (CAI). We obtained assessments pre- and post-fatigue protocols from 60 physical education students (Mage = 24.3, SD = 3.4) Twenty-seven students had CAI, and 33 students did not have CAI). To measure proprioception, we used the AMEDA device; for vision, we used near point of convergence (NPC); and, for vestibular function, we used subjective visual vertical (SVV). We found a pre-post proprioception (AMEDA) effect in the aerobic group (p < .001), and a visual (NPC) effect in both anaerobic and aerobic participant groups (both p < .001). There were no visual system (NPC) fatigue effect differences among aerobic or anerobic participants who had or did not have CAI (p = .047); there was a significant aerobic fatigue effect on proprioception (AMEDA) (p = .010) that favored participants without CAI. There was a significant interaction effect between time of testing and CAI for visual (NPC) (p = .003) in the aerobic group only. In both the anaerobic and aerobic groups, post-fatigue vestibular function (AMEDA) was significantly lower for those with than those without CAI (anaerobic: p = .030; and aerobic: p =.016). Thus, post-fatigue, participants with CAI showed worse proprioceptive, visual, and vestibular function than those without CAI. Future investigators should further examine each movement sense system in individuals with CAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Steinberg
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 172890Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Gal Elias
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 172890Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Aviva Zeev
- Wingate College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, 172890Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Jeremy Witchalls
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Gordon Waddington
- Faculty of Health, 110446University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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5
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Aron A, Harper B, Andrews R, Boggs E, Stanley A. The Effect of Whole-Body Fatigue on King-Devick Test and Balance. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:788-794. [PMID: 34727010 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1921103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Fatigue may mimic suboptimal brain functioning seen after a concussion and lead to false-positive King-Devick (K-D) scores and decreased balance. The purpose of this study was to investigate if whole-body fatigue has an effect on K-D scores or postural sway. Method: A total of 38 healthy participants (20 females; age = 23.5 ± 2.63 y; height = 170 ± 0.1 cm; mass = 75.2 ± 10.3 kg) volunteered for the study. Participants completed the King-Devick (K-D) test and the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction of Balance (mCTSIB) on the Biodex BioSwayTM Portable Balance System prior to and immediately following the completion of a fatigue protocol on a Concept2 Rower. Results: Half of the participants demonstrated a positive K-D test post-fatigue. Balance scores were poorer post-fatigue. No difference was found between participants based on history of concussion. Among the participants that had a positive post-fatigue K-D test, 71% had also a worse composite sway index score (χ2 = 6.3, p = .02). Conclusions: Whole-body fatigue may negatively impact a person's ability to perform the K-D test and balance assessments. It is recommended that the athlete is allowed a period of time to accommodate for the acute effects of fatigue before administering these assessments following a suspected concussion.
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Law VK, Lam AK. Effect of caffeine on superficial retinal vasculature of the macula in high myopes using optical coherence tomography angiography - A pilot study. JOURNAL OF OPTOMETRY 2022; 15:210-218. [PMID: 35637106 PMCID: PMC9237592 DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To monitor effect of caffeine on vasculature of the inner retina of high myopes METHODS: This was a crossover, self-control, randomized trial. Healthy young high myopes were recruited to take 200 mg of caffeine capsule and placebo capsule, randomly assigned in two visits separated by at least one week. Superficial retinal vasculature in terms of vessel length density (VD) and perfusion area density (PD) was captured and monitored using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) machine. After baseline measurements, blood pressure (BP), intraocular pressure (IOP), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (ChT) were also monitored at 30-min intervals till 3 h. RESULTS Eighteen subjects (6 male, 24.3 ± 3.1 years) completed the study. After taking the caffeine capsule, there was a significant increase in BP (p < 0.01), and reduction in ChT (p < 0.01), with no change in IOP (p = 0.36). VD demonstrated a trend of reduction at the central 1-mm circle, and 1-3 mm annulus (p < 0.01) following the ETDRS grid. Reduction trend of PD appeared at the central 1-mm circle, 1-3 mm annulus, and the entire 3-mm circle (p < 0.01). Compared with baseline, VD and PD reductions were significant 180 min after taking the caffeine capsule at the central 1-mm circle, but the reduction was small (VD: by 1mm-1; PD: by 1%). Changes in other regions were not significant. CONCLUSIONS The current study found significant reduction in VD and PD after taking 200 mg of caffeine capsule. Such a small amount of alteration may be clinically irrelevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Km Law
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew Kc Lam
- Centre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Taore A, Lobo G, Turnbull PR, Dakin SC. Diagnosis of colour vision deficits using eye movements. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7734. [PMID: 35562176 PMCID: PMC9095692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to develop a simple objective test of functional colour vision based on eye movements made in response to moving patterns. We exploit the finding that while the motion of a colour-defined stimulus can be cancelled by adding a low-contrast luminance-defined stimulus moving in the opposite direction, the "equivalent luminance contrast" required for such cancellation is reduced when colour vision is abnormal. We used a consumer-grade infrared eye-tracker to measure eye movements made in response to coloured patterns drifting at different speeds. An automated analysis of these movements estimated individuals' red-green equiluminant point and their equivalent luminance contrast. We tested 34 participants: 23 colour vision normal controls, 9 deuteranomalous and 2 protanomalous individuals. We obtained reliable estimates of strength of directed eye movements (i.e. combined optokinetic and voluntary tracking) for stimuli moving at 16 deg/s and could use these data to classify participants' colour vision status with a sensitivity rate of 90.9% and a specificity rate of 91.3%. We conclude that an objective test of functional colour vision combining a motion-nulling technique with an automated analysis of eye movements can diagnose and assess the severity of protanopia and deuteranopia. The test places minimal demands on patients (who simply view a series of moving patterns for less than 90 s), requires modest operator expertise, and can be run on affordable hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryaman Taore
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Gabriel Lobo
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Philip R Turnbull
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven C Dakin
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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Sun R, Sun J, Li J, Li S. Effects of caffeine ingestion on physiological indexes of human neuromuscular fatigue: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2529. [PMID: 35318818 PMCID: PMC9014999 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is often used as a stimulant during fatigue, but the standard of characteristic physiological indicators of the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue has not been unified. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize current experimental findings on the effects of caffeine on physiological indexes before and after neuromuscular fatigue, identify some characteristic neuromuscular physiological indexes to assess the potential effects of caffeine. METHODS The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses are followed. We systematically searched PubMed, Google academic, and Web of Science for randomized controlled trials. We searched for studies on caffeine's (i) effects on neuromuscular fatigue and (ii) the influence of physiological indexes changes. Meta-analysis was performed for standardized mean differences (SMD) between caffeine and placebo trials in individual studies. RESULTS The meta-analysis indicated that caffeine significantly improves voluntary activation (VA) (SMD = 1.46;95%CI:0.13, 2.79; p < .00001), PTw (SMD = 1.11, 95%CI: -1.61, 3.84; p < .00001), and M-wave (SMD = 1.10, 95%CI: -0.21, 2.41; p < .00001), and a significant difference (p = .003) on measures of Peak Power (PP), and insignificant difference on measures of heart rate (HR) (I2 = 0.0, p = .84) and Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 ) (I2 = 0.0, p = .76). CONCLUSION The analysis showed that caffeine intake had a relatively large effect on VA, potentiated twitch (PTw), M-wave, which can be used as characteristic indexes of caffeine's impact on neuromuscular fatigue. This conclusion tends to indicate the effects of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during endurance running or jumping or muscle bending and stretching. The caffeine intake had a big effect on the electromyogram (EMG) and peak power (PP), and its effect role needs to be further verified, this conclusion tends to indicate the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during jumping or elbow bending moment movements. HR, VO2 , maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) cannot be used as the characteristic indexes of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue. This conclusion tends to indicate the effect of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue during endurance exercise. However, the results of meta-analysis are based on limited evidence and research scale, as well as individual differences of participants and different physical tasks, so it is necessary to interpret the results of meta-analysis cautiously. Therefore, future research needs to explore other physiological indicators and their indicative effects in order to determine effective and accurate characteristic indicators of caffeine on neuromuscular fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Sun
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Junya Sun
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingqiang Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuwen Li
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin, China
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Effect of a Prolonged Maximal Bout of Exercise on Visual Performance. Asian J Sports Med 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite it being purported that acute, prolonged maximal periods of exercise may impair visual performance, little/no research on this topic is forthcoming. In fact, research has demonstrated that sub-maximal and maximal acute exercise may actually improve cognitive and sensory tasks and thus possibly improve visual performance. Objectives: This study aimed to ascertain the influence of an acute, prolonged maximal bout of exercise on visual performance. Methods: A quantitative study was undertaken with 60 untrained males being divided into a control group (CON; n = 30) or treatment group (TRE; n = 30). Both groups completed a baseline vision test battery consisting of accommodation facility, saccadic eye movement, speed of recognition, peripheral awareness, visual memory, and hand-eye coordination using the following tests; Hart Near Far Rock, saccadic eye movement, evasion, accumulator, flash memory and Ball Wall Toss tests. Two weeks later, participants returned for follow-up testing using the same vision test battery, with the TRE participants first engaging in a standardized incremental maximal treadmill protocol immediately prior to their vision testing. Results: Following the incremental maximal treadmill protocol, statistical analyses indicated that statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) differences existed for accommodation facility, saccadic eye movements, speed of recognition, hand-eye coordination, peripheral awareness, and visual memory between pre-test and after the aerobic treatment (P = 0.00 for all measures). Conclusions: This study indicates that an acute, prolonged maximal bout of running improves visual performance. As such, an appropriate prolonged maximal warm-up may be required as opposed to a standardized and general warm-up when preparing an athlete for visual skills training or for participation in an athletic event that requires optimal visual performance.
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Geng X, Guo X, Liu B, Yu P, Li J, Pan H. Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi therapy in exercise-induced fatigue: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28594. [PMID: 35029242 PMCID: PMC8758046 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise-induced fatigue (EIF) is a common occurrence in sports competition and training. It may cause trouble to athletes' motor skill execution and cognition. Although traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi therapy has been commonly used for EIF management, relevant evidence on the effectiveness and safety of Jianpi therapy is still unclear. METHODS Databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang will be searched for relevant randomized controlled trials from databases from 2000 to 2021. Randomized controlled trials related to traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi therapy in the treatment and management of EIF will be included. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the data will be performed in RevMan 5.3 according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Two authors independently performed the literature searching, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for randomized clinical trials. RESULTS This systematic review and meta-analysis will summarize the latest evidence for traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi therapy in EIF. The results will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal once completed. CONCLUSION The conclusion of our research will provide evidence to support traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi therapy as an effective intervention for patients with EIF.OSF Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/NRKX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Geng
- School of Physical Education and Health of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Xiujuan Guo
- School of Physical Education and Health of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Baoquan Liu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Peiying Yu
- School of Physical Education and Health of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Jiazhou Li
- Guangdong Chaozhou Health Vocational College, China
| | - Huashan Pan
- Guangdong Chaozhou Health Vocational College, China
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Feng LR, Barb JJ, Regan J, Saligan LN. Plasma metabolomic profile associated with fatigue in cancer patients. Cancer Med 2021; 10:1623-1633. [PMID: 33534943 PMCID: PMC7940245 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics is the newest -omics methodology and allows for a functional snapshot of the biochemical activity and cellular state. The goal of this study is to characterize metabolomic profiles associated with cancer-related fatigue, a debilitating symptom commonly reported by oncology patients. METHODS Untargeted ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics approach was used to identify metabolites in plasma samples collected from a total of 197 participants with or without cancer. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to identify discriminant metabolite features, and diagnostic performance of selected classifiers was quantified using area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) curve analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed using Fisher's exact test and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) metabolic pathway database. FINDINGS The global metabolomics approach yielded a total of 1120 compounds of known identity. Significant metabolic pathways unique to fatigued cancer versus control groups included sphingolipid metabolism, histidine metabolism, and cysteine and methionine metabolism. Significant pathways unique to non-fatigued cancer versus control groups included inositol phosphate metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and pentose and glucuronate interconversions. Pathways shared between the two comparisons included caffeine metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, sulfur metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. CONCLUSIONS We found significant metabolomic profile differences associated with cancer-related fatigue. By comparing metabolic signatures unique to fatigued cancer patients with metabolites associated with, but not unique to, fatigued cancer individuals (overlap pathways) and metabolites associated with cancer but not fatigue, we provided a broad view of the metabolic phenotype of cancer-related fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rebekah Feng
- National Institute of Nursing ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Jeniece Regan
- The Pennsylvania State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Leorey N. Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA
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Coon S, Bevilacqua ZW, Ferris M, Chen Z, Kawata K. Caution in Clinical Interpretation of Near Point of Convergence: Influence of Time of Day on Oculomotor Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.3928/19425864-20190613-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Bradnam LV, Meiring RM, Boyce M, McCambridge A. Neurorehabilitation in dystonia: a holistic perspective. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 128:549-558. [PMID: 33099684 PMCID: PMC8099801 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rehabilitation for isolated forms of dystonia, such as cervical or focal hand dystonia, is usually targeted towards the affected body part and focuses on sensorimotor control and motor retraining of affected muscles. Recent evidence, has revealed people who live with dystonia experience a range of functional and non-motor deficits that reduce engagement in daily activities and health-related quality of life, which should be addressed with therapeutic interventions. These findings support the need for a holistic approach to the rehabilitation of dystonia, where assessment and treatments involve non-motor signs and symptoms, and not just the dystonic body part. Most studies have investigated Cervical Dystonia, and in this population, it is evident there is reduced postural control and walking speed, high fear of falling and actual falls, visual compensation for the impaired neck posture, and a myriad of non-motor symptoms including pain, fatigue, sleep disorders and anxiety and depression. In other populations of dystonia, there is also emerging evidence of falls and reduced vision-related quality of life, along with the inability to participate in physical activity due to worsening of dystonic symptoms during or after exercise. A holistic approach to dystonia would support the management of a wide range of symptoms and signs, that if properly addressed could meaningfully reduce disability and improve quality of life in people living with dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynley V Bradnam
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Rebecca M Meiring
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melani Boyce
- Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Physiotherapy, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alana McCambridge
- Graduate School of Health, Discipline of Physiotherapy, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Aguiar AS, Speck AE, Canas PM, Cunha RA. Neuronal adenosine A 2A receptors signal ergogenic effects of caffeine. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13414. [PMID: 32770138 PMCID: PMC7415152 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is one of the most used ergogenic aid for physical exercise and sports. However, its mechanism of action is still controversial. The adenosinergic hypothesis is promising due to the pharmacology of caffeine, a nonselective antagonist of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors. We now investigated A2AR as a possible ergogenic mechanism through pharmacological and genetic inactivation. Forty-two adult females (20.0 ± 0.2 g) and 40 male mice (23.9 ± 0.4 g) from a global and forebrain A2AR knockout (KO) colony ran an incremental exercise test with indirect calorimetry (V̇O2 and RER). We administered caffeine (15 mg/kg, i.p., nonselective) and SCH 58261 (1 mg/kg, i.p., selective A2AR antagonist) 15 min before the open field and exercise tests. We also evaluated the estrous cycle and infrared temperature immediately at the end of the exercise test. Caffeine and SCH 58621 were psychostimulant. Moreover, Caffeine and SCH 58621 were ergogenic, that is, they increased V̇O2max, running power, and critical power, showing that A2AR antagonism is ergogenic. Furthermore, the ergogenic effects of caffeine were abrogated in global and forebrain A2AR KO mice, showing that the antagonism of A2AR in forebrain neurons is responsible for the ergogenic action of caffeine. Furthermore, caffeine modified the exercising metabolism in an A2AR-dependent manner, and A2AR was paramount for exercise thermoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aderbal S Aguiar
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Biology of Exercise Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88905-120, Brazil.
| | - Ana Elisa Speck
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Biology of Exercise Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC-Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, 88905-120, Brazil
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the test-retest reliability and the influence of exercise on King-Devick (K-D) test performance. DESIGN Crossover study design. SETTING Controlled laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Participants consisted of 63 (39 women and 24 men) healthy, recreationally active college students who were 21.0 + 1.5 years of age. INDEPENDENT VARIABLES Participants completed the K-D test using a 2-week, test-retest interval. The K-D test was administered before and after a counterbalanced exercise or rest intervention. Reliability was assessed using testing visits (visit 1 and visit 2) as the independent variables. Exercise or rest and time (baseline, postintervention) were used as independent variables to examine the influence of exercise. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficients with 95% confidence intervals were calculated between visits to assess reliability of K-D test completion time. A repeated-measure 2 x 2 analysis of variance (intervention × time) with post hoc paired t tests was used to assess the influence of exercise on K-D test performance. RESULTS The K-D test was observed to have strong test-retest reliability [ICC2,1 = 0.90 (0.71, 0.96)] over time. No significant intervention-by-time interaction (P = 0.55) or intervention main effects (P = 0.68) on K-D time were observed. Mean differences of -1.5 and -1.7 seconds (P < 0.001) were observed between baseline and rest and exercise interventions for K-D test performance, respectively. Up to 32% (20/63) of participants were observed to have a false-positive K-D test performance before and after each intervention. CONCLUSIONS Although strong test-retest reliability coefficients were observed using clinically relevant time points, a high false-positive rate warrants caution when interpreting the K-D test.
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Ratka J, Cheever K, Mansell JL, Tierney RT. The effect of an interval fatigue protocol on Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) performance. Brain Inj 2019; 34:110-114. [DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1682194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenna Ratka
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cheever
- Department of Kinesiology, Health, and Nutrition, University of Texas at San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jamie L. Mansell
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ryan T. Tierney
- Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Zwierko T, Jedziniak W, Florkiewicz B, Stępiński M, Buryta R, Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Nowak R, Popowczak M, Woźniak J. Oculomotor dynamics in skilled soccer players: The effects of sport expertise and strenuous physical effort. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:612-620. [PMID: 30378462 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1538391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to quickly locate objects within the visual field has a significant influence on athletic performance. Saccades are conjugate eye movements responsible for the rapid shift that brings a new part of the visual field into foveal vision. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of sport expertise and intense physical effort on saccade dynamics during a free-viewing visual search task in skilled soccer players. Two groups of male subjects participated in this study: 18 soccer players and 18 non-athletes as the control group. Two sessions of visual search tasks without a sport-specific design were employed. Eye movements during the visual search tasks were recorded binocularly. Between pre- and post-test sessions, athletes performed a maximal incremental treadmill test. Cardiorespiratory parameters were measured continuously. Capillary lactate samples were collected. Pre-test findings indicated that athletes, in comparison to non-athletes, achieve higher values of the following characteristics of saccades (1) average acceleration, (2) acceleration peak, (3) deceleration peak, and (4) average velocity. An increase in post-test saccade duration and a decrease in post-test saccade velocity was observed in athletes due to the strenuous physical effort in relation to the pre-test state. Athletes may transfer high saccadic function efficiency to non-specific visual stimuli. The findings partially confirm that physical exertion can reduce oculomotor efficiency in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zwierko
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Wojciech Jedziniak
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Beata Florkiewicz
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Miłosz Stępiński
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Rafał Buryta
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Dorota Kostrzewa-Nowak
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Robert Nowak
- a Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, Functional and Structural Human Research Center , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
| | - Marek Popowczak
- b Department of Team Sports Games , University School of Physical Education , Wrocław , Poland
| | - Jarosław Woźniak
- c Department of Mathematics and Physics , University of Szczecin , Szczecin , Poland
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Ma J, Chen H, Liu X, Zhang L, Qiao D. Exercise-Induced Fatigue Impairs Bidirectional Corticostriatal Synaptic Plasticity. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:14. [PMID: 29422839 PMCID: PMC5788965 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise-induced fatigue (EF) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in sports competition and training. It can impair athletes’ motor skill execution and cognition. Corticostriatal synaptic plasticity is considered to be the cellular mechanism of movement control and motor learning. However, the effect of EF on corticostriatal synaptic plasticity remains elusive. In the present study, using field excitatory postsynaptic potential recording, we found that the corticostriatal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) were both impaired in EF mice. To further investigate the cellular mechanisms underlying the impaired synaptic plasticity in corticostriatal pathway, whole-cell patch clamp recordings were carried out on striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). MSNs in EF mice exhibited increased spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current (sEPSC) frequency and decreased paired-pulse ratio (PPR), while with normal basic electrophysiological properties and normal sEPSC amplitude. Furthermore, the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)/α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) ratio of MSNs was reduced in EF mice. These results suggest that the enhanced presynaptic glutamate (Glu) release and downregulated postsynaptic NMDA receptor function lead to the impaired corticostriatal plasticity in EF mice. Taken together, our findings for the first time show that the bidirectional corticostriatal synaptic plasticity is impaired after EF, and suggest that the aberrant corticostriatal synaptic plasticity may be involved in the production and/or maintenance of EF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ma
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingtao Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Decai Qiao
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Connell CJW, Thompson B, Turuwhenua J, Srzich A, Gant N. Effects of Dopamine and Norepinephrine on Exercise-induced Oculomotor Fatigue. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 49:1778-1788. [PMID: 28452866 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fatigue-induced impairments in the control of eye movements are detectable via reduced eye movement velocity after a bout of prolonged, strenuous exercise. Slower eye movements caused by neural fatigue within the oculomotor system can be prevented by caffeine, and the upregulation of central catecholamines may be responsible for this effect. This study explored the individual contribution of dopamine and norepinephrine to fatigue-related impairments in oculomotor control. METHODS The influence of a dopamine reuptake inhibitor (methylphenidate) and a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (reboxetine) was assessed in 12 cyclists performing 180 min of stationary cycling within a placebo-controlled crossover design. Eye movement kinematics (saccades, smooth pursuit, and optokinetic nystagmus) were measured using infrared oculography. Visual attention was assessed with overt and covert spatial attention tasks. RESULTS Exercise-induced fatigue was associated with a 6% ± 8% reduction in the peak velocity of visually guided, reflexive prosaccades. Importantly, both dopamine reuptake inhibition and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition prevented fatigue-related decrements in the peak velocity of prosaccades. Pursuit eye movements, optokinetic nystagmus, and visual attention tasks were unaffected by exercise or drug treatments. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that alterations in norepinephrinergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission are linked with the development of fatigue within circuits that control eye movements. Psychiatric medications that target central catecholamines can exert a protective effect on eye movements after prolonged exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J W Connell
- 1Department of Exercise Sciences, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND; 2School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA; and 3Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND
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20
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Caffeine increases the velocity of rapid eye movements in unfatigued humans. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2017; 234:2311-2323. [PMID: 28536868 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is a widely used dietary stimulant that can reverse the effects of fatigue on cognitive, motor and oculomotor function. However, few studies have examined the effect of caffeine on the oculomotor system when homeostasis has not been disrupted by physical fatigue. This study examined the influence of a moderate dose of caffeine on oculomotor control and visual perception in participants who were not fatigued. METHODS Within a placebo-controlled crossover design, 13 healthy adults ingested caffeine (5 mg·kg-1 body mass) and were tested over 3 h. Eye movements, including saccades, smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus, were measured using infrared oculography. RESULTS Caffeine was associated with higher peak saccade velocities (472 ± 60° s-1) compared to placebo (455 ± 62° s-1). Quick phases of optokinetic nystagmus were also significantly faster with caffeine, whereas pursuit eye movements were unchanged. Non-oculomotor perceptual tasks (global motion and global orientation processing) were unaffected by caffeine. CONCLUSIONS These results show that oculomotor control is modulated by a moderate dose of caffeine in unfatigued humans. These effects are detectable in the kinematics of rapid eye movements, whereas pursuit eye movements and visual perception are unaffected. Oculomotor functions may be sensitive to changes in central catecholamines mediated via caffeine's action as an adenosine antagonist, even when participants are not fatigued.
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Fatigue-related impairments in oculomotor control are prevented by norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42726. [PMID: 28198465 PMCID: PMC5309883 DOI: 10.1038/srep42726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue-induced reductions in saccade velocity have been reported following acute, prolonged exercise. Interestingly, the detrimental impact of fatigue on oculomotor control can be prevented by a moderate dose of caffeine. This effect may be related to central catecholamine upregulation via caffeine's action as an adenosine antagonist. To test this hypothesis, we compared the protective effect of caffeine on oculomotor control post-exercise to that of a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Within a placebo-controlled crossover design, 12 cyclists consumed placebo, caffeine or a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (bupropion) during 180 minutes of stationary cycling. Saccades, smooth pursuit and optokinetic nystagmus were measured using infrared oculography. Exercise fatigue was associated with an 8 ± 11% reduction in the peak velocity of prosaccades, and a 10 ± 11% decrement in antisaccade peak velocity. Optokinetic nystagmus quick phases decreased in velocity by 15 ± 17%. These differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition and caffeine prevented fatigue-related decrements in eye movement velocity. Pursuit eye movements and visual attention were unaffected. These findings show that norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibition protects oculomotor function during exercise fatigue. Caffeine's fatigue-reversing effects on eye movements appear to be mediated, at least in part, via modulation of central catecholamines.
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Selected Literature Watch. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2016.29002.slw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Connell CJW, Thompson B, Kuhn G, Gant N. Exercise-Induced Fatigue and Caffeine Supplementation Affect Psychomotor Performance but Not Covert Visuo-Spatial Attention. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165318. [PMID: 27768747 PMCID: PMC5074788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatigue resulting from strenuous exercise can impair cognition and oculomotor control. These impairments can be prevented by administering psychostimulants such as caffeine. This study used two experiments to explore the influence of caffeine administered at rest and during fatiguing physical exercise on spatial attention—a cognitive function that is crucial for task-based visually guided behavior. In independent placebo-controlled studies, cohorts of 12 healthy participants consumed caffeine and rested or completed 180 min of stationary cycling. Covert attentional orienting was measured in both experiments using a spatial cueing paradigm. We observed no alterations in attentional facilitation toward spatial cues suggesting that covert attentional orienting is not influenced by exercise fatigue or caffeine supplementation. Response times were increased (impaired) after exercise and this deterioration was prevented by caffeine supplementation. In the resting experiment, response times across all conditions and cues were decreased (improved) with caffeine. Covert spatial attention was not influenced by caffeine. Together, the results of these experiments suggest that covert attentional orienting is robust to the effects of fatiguing exercise and not influenced by caffeine. However, exercise fatigue impairs response times, which can be prevented by caffeine, suggesting that pre-motor planning and execution of the motor responses required for performance of the cueing task are sensitive to central nervous system fatigue. Caffeine improves response time in both fatigued and fresh conditions, most likely through action on networks controlling motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte J. W. Connell
- Exercise Neurometabolism Laboratory, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Thompson
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gustav Kuhn
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Exercise Neurometabolism Laboratory, Centre for Brain Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
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