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Song J, Zheng J, Li Z, Fu L, Yang J, Li K, Yu X, Lv B, Du J, Huang Y, Jin H. Sulfur dioxide inhibits mast cell degranulation by sulphenylation of galectin-9 at cysteine 74. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369326. [PMID: 38953022 PMCID: PMC11215078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Mast cell (MC) degranulation is a key process in allergic reactions and inflammatory responses. Aspartate aminotransferase 1 (AAT1)-derived endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) is an important regulator of MC function. However, the mechanism underlying its role in MC degranulation remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which endogenous SO2 controlled MC degranulation. Methods HMC-1 and Rat basophilic leukemia cell MC line (RBL-2H3) were used in the cell experiments. SO2 content was detected by in situ fluorescent probe. MC degranulation represented by the release rate of MC β-hexosaminidase was determined using a colorimetric assay. Sulfenylation of galectin-9 (Gal-9) in MCs and purified protein was detected using a biotin switch assay. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the exact sulfenylation sites of Gal-9 by SO2. Animal models of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and hypoxia-driven pulmonary vascular remodeling were used to investigate the effect of SO2 on mast cell activation in vivo. Site-directed mutation of Gal-9 was conducted to confirm the exact site of SO2 and support the significance of SO2/Gal-9 signal axis in the regulation of MC degranulation. Results Degranulation was increased in AAT1-knockdowned MCs, and SO2 supplementation reversed the increase in MC degranulation. Furthermore, deficiency of endogenous SO2 contributed to IgE-mediated degranulation in vitro. Besides, SO2 inhibited IgE-mediated and hypoxia-driven MC degranulation in vivo. Mechanistically, LC-MS/MS analysis and site-directed mutation results showed that SO2 sulfenylated Gal-9 at cysteine 74. Sulfenylation of the 74th cysteine of Gal-9 protein was required in the SO2-inhibited MC degranulation under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Conclusion These findings elucidated that SO2 inhibited MC degranulation via sulfenylating Gal-9 under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, which might provide a novel treatment approach for MC activation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaru Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongmin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Science Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Science Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Liu X, Zhou H, Zhang H, Jin H, He Y. Advances in the research of sulfur dioxide and pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1282403. [PMID: 37900169 PMCID: PMC10602757 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1282403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a fatal disease caused by progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling (PVR). Currently, the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of PVR remain unclear, and effective therapeutic approaches to reverse PVR and PH are lacking. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)/aspartate transaminase system has emerged as a novel research focus in the fields of PH and PVR. As a gaseous signaling molecule, SO2 metabolism is tightly regulated in the pulmonary vasculature and is associated with the development of PH as it is involved in the regulation of pathological and physiological activities, such as pulmonary vascular cellular inflammation, proliferation and collagen metabolism, to exert a protective effect against PH. In this review, we present an overview of the studies conducted to date that have provided a theoretical basis for the development of SO2-related drug to inhibit or reverse PVR and effectively treat PH-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhou
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pediatric Cardiac Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Lv B, Tang C, Du J, Jin H. Sulfur Dioxide: Endogenous Generation, Biological Effects, Detection, and Therapeutic Potential. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:256-274. [PMID: 34538110 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Previously, sulfur dioxide (SO2) was recognized as an air pollutant. However, it is found to be endogenously produced in mammalian tissues. As a new gasotransmitter, SO2 is involved in regulating the structure and function of blood vessels, heart, lung, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, etc.Recent Advances: Increasing evidence showed that endogenous SO2 regulates cardiovascular physiological processes, such as blood pressure control, vasodilation, maintenance of the normal vascular structure, and cardiac negative inotropy. Under pathological conditions including hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, aging endothelial dysfunction, myocardial injury, myocardial hypertrophy, diabetic myocardial fibrosis, sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, acute lung injury, colitis, epilepsy-related brain injury, depression and anxiety, and addictive drug reward memory consolidation, endogenous SO2 protects against the pathological changes via different molecular mechanisms and the disturbed SO2/aspartate aminotransferase pathway is likely involved in the mechanisms for the earlier mentioned pathologic processes. Critical Issues: A comprehensive understanding of the biological effects of endogenous SO2 is extremely important for the development of novel SO2 therapy. In this review, we summarized the biological effects, mechanism of action, SO2 detection methods, and its related prodrugs. Future Directions: Further studies should be conducted to understand the effects of endogenous SO2 in various physiological and pathophysiological processes and clarify its underlying mechanisms. More efficient and accurate SO2 detection methods, as well as specific and effective SO2-releasing systems should be designed for the treatment and prevention of clinical related diseases. The translation from SO2 basic medical research to its clinical application is also worthy of further study. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 256-274.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boyang Lv
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Smita RM, Shuvo APR, Raihan S, Jahan R, Simin FA, Rahman A, Biswas S, Salem L, Sagor MAT. The Role of Mineral Deficiencies in Insulin Resistance and Obesity. Curr Diabetes Rev 2022; 18:e171121197987. [PMID: 34789132 DOI: 10.2174/1573399818666211117104626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Minerals are critical for maintaining overall health. These tiny chemical compounds are responsible for enzymatic activation, maintaining healthy teeth and bones, regulating energy metabolism, enhancing immunity, and aiding muscle and brain function. However, mineral deficiency in the form of inadequate or under nourished intake affects millions of people throughout the world, with well-documented adverse health consequences of malnutrition. Conversely, mineral deficiency may also be a risk factor for Insulin Resistance (IR) and obesity. This review focuses on another, more "less discussed" form of malnutrition, namely mineral deficiency and its contribution to metabolic disorders. At the cellular level, minerals maintain not only molecular communication but also trigger several key biochemical pathways. Disturbances in these processes due to mineral insufficiency may gradually lead to metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and central obesity, which might lead to renal failure, cardiac arrest, hepatic carcinoma, and various neurodegenerative diseases. Here we discuss the burden of disease promoted by mineral deficiencies and the medical, social, and economic consequences. Mineral deficiency-mediated IR and obesity have a considerable negative impact on individual well-being, physical consideration, and economic productivity. We discuss possible molecular mechanisms of mineral deficiency that may lead to IR and obesity and suggest strategies to counter these metabolic disorders. To protect mankind from mineral nutrient deficiencies, the key is to take a variety of foods in reasonable quantities, such as organic and pasture-raised eggs, low fat dairy, and grass-fed and finished meats, insecticide, and pesticide-free vegetables and fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sabbir Raihan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Faria Anjum Simin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Soumick Biswas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Liyad Salem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Taher Sagor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Jiang Y, Wang J, Zheng X, Du J. Plasma Endogenous Sulfur Dioxide: A Novel Biomarker to Predict Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:2127-2136. [PMID: 34093033 PMCID: PMC8169086 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s312058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is a novel gaseous signaling molecule that plays an important role in inflammation, which contributes the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of plasma SO2 for AKI in high-risk patients. Patients and Methods A prospective cohort of 167 patients who underwent major noncardiac surgery was enrolled in the study. Plasma SO2, urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) levels were detected immediately after the operation. The primary endpoint was new-onset AKI within 72 h after admission. The ability of biomarkers including SO2 and a clinical risk model to predict AKI was compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA), additional contributions were evaluated by integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification improvement (NRI) analyses. Results A total of 61 (36.5%) patients developed AKI within 72 h of surgery. Compared to NGAL and [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7], SO2 showed better predictive ability for new-onset AKI with an area under the ROC curve of 0.771 (95% confidence interval: 0.700–0.832, p<0.001). The improvement in predictive value by including SO2 in the clinical risk model was supported by NRI (0.28; P=0.04) and IDI (0.15; P<0.001) analyses. The net benefit of the combination of SO2 and clinical variables was the max in DCA. Conclusion Plasma SO2 shows a useful value for predicting new-onset AKI, and improved AKI prediction based on clinical variables, which can guide the implementation of preventive measures for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jiang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Critical Unit, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- Department of Surgical Intensive Critical Unit, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Zheng
- Department of Surgical Intensive Critical Unit, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiantong Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Huang Y, Li Z, Zhang L, Tang H, Zhang H, Wang C, Chen SY, Bu D, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Yuan P, Li K, Yu X, Kong W, Tang C, Jung Y, Ferreira RB, Carroll KS, Du J, Yang J, Jin H. Endogenous SO 2-dependent Smad3 redox modification controls vascular remodeling. Redox Biol 2021; 41:101898. [PMID: 33647858 PMCID: PMC7933484 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.101898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) has emerged as a physiological relevant signaling molecule that plays a prominent role in regulating vascular functions. However, molecular mechanisms whereby SO2 influences its upper-stream targets have been elusive. Here we show that SO2 may mediate conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to a more potent oxidant, peroxymonosulfite, providing a pathway for activation of H2O2 to convert the thiol group of protein cysteine residues to a sulfenic acid group, aka cysteine sulfenylation. By using site-centric chemoproteomics, we quantified >1000 sulfenylation events in vascular smooth muscle cells in response to exogenous SO2. Notably, ~42% of these sulfenylated cysteines are dynamically regulated by SO2, among which is cysteine-64 of Smad3 (Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3), a key transcriptional modulator of transforming growth factor β signaling. Sulfenylation of Smad3 at cysteine-64 inhibits its DNA binding activity, while mutation of this site attenuates the protective effects of SO2 on angiotensin II-induced vascular remodeling and hypertension. Taken together, our findings highlight the important role of SO2 in vascular pathophysiology through a redox-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zongmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Chu Wang
- Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Selena Ying Chen
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dingfang Bu
- Laboratory Center, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zaifeng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Piaoliu Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Youngeun Jung
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Renan B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Kate S Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences • Beijing, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, 102206, China; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, China.
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Endothelial Cell-Derived SO 2 Controls Endothelial Cell Inflammation, Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation, and Collagen Synthesis to Inhibit Hypoxic Pulmonary Vascular Remodelling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5577634. [PMID: 33953829 PMCID: PMC8068783 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodelling (PVR) is the major pathological basis of aging-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. The pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) inflammation, and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation, hypertrophy and collagen remodelling are the important pathophysiological components of PVR. Endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) was found to be a novel gasotransmitter in the cardiovascular system with its unique biological properties. The study was aimed to investigate the role of endothelial cell- (EC-) derived SO2 in the progression of PAEC inflammation, PASMC proliferation, hypertrophy and collagen remodelling in PVR and the possible mechanisms. EC-specific aspartic aminotransferase 1 transgenic (EC-AAT1-Tg) mice were constructed in vivo. Pulmonary hypertension was induced by hypoxia. Right heart catheterization and echocardiography were used to detect mouse hemodynamic changes. Pathologic analysis was performed in the pulmonary arteries. High-performance liquid chromatography was employed to detect the SO2 content. Human PAECs (HPAECs) with lentiviruses containing AAT1 cDNA or shRNA and cocultured human PASMCs (HPASMCs) were applied in vitro. SO2 probe and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to detect the SO2 content and determine p50 activity, respectively. Hypoxia caused a significant reduction in SO2 content in the mouse lung and HPAECs and increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, pulmonary artery wall thickness, muscularization, and the expression of PAEC ICAM-1 and MCP-1 and of PASMC Ki-67, collagen I, and α-SMA (p < 0.05). However, EC-AAT1-Tg with sufficient SO2 content prevented the above increases induced by hypoxia (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, EC-derived SO2 deficiency promoted HPAEC ICAM-1 and MCP-1 and the cocultured HPASMC Ki-67 and collagen I expression, which was abolished by andrographolide, an inhibitor of p50 (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, EC-derived SO2 deficiency increased the expression of cocultured HPASMC α-SMA (p < 0.05). Taken together, these findings revealed that EC-derived SO2 inhibited p50 activation to control PAEC inflammation in an autocrine manner and PASMC proliferation, hypertrophy, and collagen synthesis in a paracrine manner, thereby inhibiting hypoxic PVR.
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Tian SX, Cheng W, Lu JJ, Zhou FM, Ding ZS, Zhu BQ. Role of Militarine in PM 2.5-Induced BV-2 Cell Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1423-1434. [PMID: 33675461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is closely associated with neuroinflammation in humans. Militarine, a glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate compound isolated from Bletilla striata, has been found to exert significant neuroprotective effects. However, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of militarine on PM2.5-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of militarine against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism in BV-2 microglial cells. Our results revealed that pretreatment with 0.31-1.25 μg/mL militarine reversed the morphological changes caused by PM2.5 and decreased proinflammatory cytokine generation and gene expression in PM2.5-treated BV-2 cells. In particular, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, militarine markedly inhibited the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4, Toll-like receptor 2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and reduced NF-κB pathway-associated protein expression. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that militarine suppressed NF-κB activity through inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation. Our data suggested that militarine alleviated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglial cells, possibly by inhibiting the expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines through the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, militarine significantly reduced PM2.5-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨm). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that militarine played a protective role against PM2.5-induced damage in BV-2 cells by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Tian
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fang-Mei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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9
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Cai H, Wang X. Effect of sulfur dioxide on vascular biology. Histol Histopathol 2020; 36:505-514. [PMID: 33319344 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters, such as nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide, can be generated endogenously. These gasotransmitters play important roles in vascular biology, including vasorelaxation and inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. In recent years, sulfur dioxide (SO₂) has been considered as a fourth gasotransmitter. SO₂ is present in air pollution. Moreover, SO₂ toxicity, including oxidative stress and DNA damage, has been extensively reported in previous studies. Recent studies have shown that SO₂ can be endogenously generated in various organs and vascular tissues, where it regulates vascular tone, vascular smooth cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. SO₂ can decrease blood pressure in rats, inhibit smooth muscle cell proliferation and collagen accumulation and promote collagen degradation, and improve vascular remodelling. SO₂ can decrease cardiovascular atherosclerotic plaques by enhancing the antioxidant effect and upregulating nitric oxide/nitric oxide synthase and hydrogen sulfide/cystathionine-γ-lyase pathways. SO₂ can also ameliorate vascular calcification via the transforming growth factor - β1/Smad pathway. The effect of SO₂ on vascular regulation has attracted great interest. SO₂ may be a novel mediator in vascular biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xinbao Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China.
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10
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Shi X, Gao Y, Song L, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Sun R, Du Y, Gong M, Gao Q, Shi Y, Guo Q, Shi H. Sulfur dioxide derivatives produce antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects in mice. Neuropharmacology 2020; 176:108252. [PMID: 32712276 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) can be endogenously generated from sulfur-containing amino acids in animals and humans. Increasing evidence shows that endogenous SO2 may act as a gaseous molecule to participate in many physiological and pathological processes. However, the role of SO2 and its derivatives in the central nervous system remains poorly understood. The present study explored the protective effects of exogenous SO2 derivatives (Na2SO3:NaHSO3, 3:1 M/M) on cellular injury in vitro by using the cell proliferation assay (MTS), cell counting kit 8 assay (CCK-8), and cyto-flow assay in the corticosterone (CORT)-induced PC12 cell injury model. We also examined the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of SO2 derivatives on the chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced depression mouse model by using the open field test, novelty suppressed feeding test, forced swimming test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. In the MTS and CCK-8 assays, we found that preexposure of SO2 derivatives significantly blocked CORT-induced decrease of cellular survival without causing any negative effects. Results from the cyto-flow assay indicated that treatment with SO2 derivatives could reverse CORT-induced early and late apoptosis of PC12 cells. Systemic treatment with SO2 derivatives produced markedly antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities in mice under normal condition and rapidly reversed CMS-induced depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. In conclusion, these findings indicate that exogenous SO2 derivatives show protective properties against the detrimental effects of stress and exert antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like actions. The present study suggests that exogenous SO2 derivatives are potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of depression, anxiety, and other stress-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yipu Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuanjian Ding
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ruoxuan Sun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qingjun Guo
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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11
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Zhu Z, Zhang L, Chen Q, Li K, Yu X, Tang C, Kong W, Jin H, Du J, Huang Y. Macrophage-derived sulfur dioxide is a novel inflammation regulator. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 524:916-922. [PMID: 32057367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage-mediated inflammation is a key pathophysiological component of cardiovascular diseases, but the underlying mechanisms by which the macrophage regulates inflammation have been unclear. In our study, we, for the first time, showed an endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) production in RAW267.4 macrophages by using HPLC and SO2-specific fluorescent probe assays. Moreover, the endogenous SO2 generating enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AAT) was found to be expressed by the macrophages. Furthermore, we showed that AAT2 knockdown triggered spontaneous macrophage-mediated inflammation, as represented by the increased TNF-α and IL-6 levels and the enhanced macrophage chemotaxis; these effects could be reversed by the treatment with a SO2 donor. Mechanistically, AAT2 knockdown activated the NF-κB signaling pathway in macrophages, while SO2 successfully rescued NF-κB activation. In contrast, forced AAT2 expression reversed AngII-induced NF-κB activation and subsequent macrophage inflammation. Moreover, treatment with a SO2 donor also alleviated macrophage infiltration in AngII-treated mouse hearts. Collectively, our data suggest that macrophage-derived SO2 is an important regulator of macrophage activation and it acts as an endogenous "on-off switch" in the control of macrophage activation. This knowledge might enable a new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kun Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaoshu Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfang Jin
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junbao Du
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China.
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12
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PPAR γ/Nnat/NF- κB Axis Involved in Promoting Effects of Adiponectin on Preadipocyte Differentiation. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:5618023. [PMID: 31871428 PMCID: PMC6906841 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5618023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated that adiponectin (APN) could promote preadipocyte differentiation, and the present study further explored its mechanism. 3T3-L1 cells were infected with adenovirus holding human adiponectin gene apM1 and mouse neuronatin (Nnat) shRNA and initiated differentiation while coculturing with mature adipocytes stimulated with LPS. After 8 days, preadipocyte differentiation was observed by Oil Red O staining. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin- (IL-) 6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 3T3-L1 cells were detected. Western blotting was done to quantify the protein expression levels of Nnat, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ, p65, and inhibitor of nuclear factor κB (IκB) α. Results demonstrated that APN overexpression markedly increased preadipocyte differentiation; inhibited gene expression of MCP-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; reduced ROS and MDA release; increased T-AOC and SOD levels; upregulated Nnat, PPAR γ, and IκB α protein expressions; and downregulated p65 protein expression under LPS stimulation. However, the effects of APN were markedly attenuated when Nnat expression was knocked down. Taken together, the present study provided evidences that the effects of APN on promoting preadipocyte differentiation under inflammatory conditions via anti-inflammation and antioxidative stress may be regulated by the PPAR γ/Nnat/NF-κB signaling pathway.
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13
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Yang L, Zhang H, Chen P. Sulfur dioxide attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in rats. Nitric Oxide 2018; 81:11-20. [PMID: 30273666 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sulfur dioxide (SO2) plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of cardiovascular system. This study was aimed to investigate cardioprotective effects of SO2 on in the rat and the underlying mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS Sepsis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats were used. SO2 donor (NaHSO3/Na2SO3, 1:3 M/M) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 85 mg/kg. Primary neonatal rat cardiac ventricular myocytes (NRCMs) were stimulated with LPS (1 mg/mL) in presence or absence of different concentrations of SO2 (10, 50 and 100 μmol/L). SO2 donor could restore the decreased levels of SO2 in plasma and heart of septic rats. SO2 exhibited dramatic improvement in cardiac functions. At 24 h after CLP, SO2 treatments decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and activity of caspase-3. Moreover CLP-induced inflammatory response was also relieved by SO2. In NRCMs, SO2 could suppress the LPS-induced myocardial injury, leading to an increase in cell viability, a decrease in LDH and apoptotic rate. Western blot showed that the expression of TLR4, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 were obviously increased in myocardial tissue of CLP group or in NRCMs of LPS group, while SO2 significantly inhibited the CLP-induced or LPS-induced TLR4, NLRP3, and Caspase-1 expression. CONCLUSION SO2 attenuated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction likely in association with the inhibiting inflammation via TLR4/NLRP3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China
| | - Peili Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, 476100, China.
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14
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Hydrogen sulfide in the regulation of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity: Implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetes mellitus. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 149:60-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Tsvetkov D, Kuczmanski A, Dashwood M, Gil-Ortega M. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:23-59. [PMID: 29357124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is cushion of fat tissue surrounding blood vessels, which is phenotypically different from other adipose tissue depots. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, constituted by different populations of immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipose-derived stromal cells. It expresses and releases an important number of vasoactive factors with paracrine effects on vascular structure and function. In healthy individuals, these factors elicit a net anticontractile and anti-inflammatory paracrine effect aimed at meeting hemodynamic and metabolic demands of specific organs and regions of the body. Pathophysiological situations, such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension, induce changes in its amount and in the expression pattern of vasoactive factors leading to a PVAT dysfunction in which the beneficial paracrine influence of PVAT is shifted to a pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, contractile, and trophic environment leading to functional and structural cardiovascular alterations and cardiovascular disease. Many different PVATs surrounding a variety of blood vessels have been described and exhibit regional differences. Both protective and deleterious influence of PVAT differs regionally depending on the specific vascular bed contributing to variations in the susceptibility of arteries and veins to vascular disease. PVAT therefore, might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention in cardiovascular disease. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:23-59, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Liu M, Liu S, Tan W, Tang F, Long J, Li Z, Liang B, Chu C, Yang J. Gaseous signalling molecule SO2 via Hippo‑MST pathway to improve myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:8953-8963. [PMID: 28990064 PMCID: PMC5779980 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated the existence of an endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)‑generating system in the cardiovascular system. The present study aimed to discuss the function and regulatory mechanism of gaseous signal molecule SO2 in inhibiting apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) via the Hippo‑MST signaling pathway to improve myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats. A total of 40 male Sprague‑Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (10 rats per group): Normal control group (control group), diabetic rats group [streptozotocin (STZ) group], SO2 intervention group (STZ+SO2 group) and diabetes mellitus rats treated with L‑Aspartic acid β‑hydroxamate (HDX) group (HDX group). Diabetic rats models were established by intra‑peritoneal injection of STZ (40 mg/kg) Following model establishment, intra‑peritoneal injection of Na2SO3/NaHSO3 solution (0.54 mmol/kg) was administered in the STZ+SO2 group, and HDX solution (25 mg/kg/week) was administered in the HDX group. A total of 4 weeks later, echocardiography was performed to evaluate rats' cardiac function; Masson staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and transmission electron microscopy examinations were performed to observe myocardial morphological changes. ELISA was employed to determine the SO2 content. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the expression of proteins associated with apoptosis, ERS and the Hippo‑MST signalling pathway. Compared with the control group, the STZ group and HDX group had a disordered arrangement of myocardial cells with apparent myocardial fibrosis, and echocardiography indicated that the cardiac function was lowered, there was an obvious increase of apoptosis in myocardial tissue, the expression levels of apoptosis‑associated protein B‑cell lymphoma associated protein X, caspase‑3 and caspase‑9 were upregulated, and Bcl‑2 expression was downregulated. The expression of ERS and Hippo‑MST pathway‑associated proteins, including CHOP, GRP94, MST1 and MST2, were significantly upregulated. By contrast, these above‑mentioned changes were reversed by SO2 treatment. Compared with STZ group, the HDX group had a further increase of myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, while there were no statistically significant differences in the expression of Bax/Bcl‑2, caspase‑3, caspase‑9 and ERS and Hippo‑MST pathway‑associated proteins. The results of the present study demonstrated that the gaseous signal molecule SO2 can effectively improve the myocardial fibrosis of diabetic rats, and its mechanism may be associated with reduced apoptosis and ERS by downregulated Hippo‑MST pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maojun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Shengquan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Tan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Fen Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Junrong Long
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zining Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Biao Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Chun Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
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17
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Yang W, Yang C, Luo J, Wei Y, Wang W, Zhong Y. Adiponectin promotes preadipocyte differentiation via the PPARγ pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:428-435. [PMID: 29115433 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the results of a preliminary study, it was hypothesized that the effects of adiponectin (APN) on the improvement of atherosclerosis may be associated with adipocyte differentiation and peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptor γ (PPARγ). The present study simulated the inflammatory environment of epicardial adipose tissue by stimulating mature adipocytes with lipopolysaccharide (LPS); subsequently, the differentiation of 3T3‑L1 preadipocytes was observed. 3T3‑L1 preadipocytes were infected with an adenovirus containing the human adiponectin gene apM1 (Ad‑apM1) and were co‑cultured with mature adipocytes stimulated with LPS. Differentiation into mature adipocytes was initiated using differentiation medium. After 8 days, an MTT assay was used to examine cell viability and oil red O staining was used to observe preadipocyte differentiation. In addition, the mRNA expression levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein‑1 (MCP‑1), interleukin (IL)‑6, IL‑8 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‑α) were examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the protein expression levels of PPARγ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) and preadipocyte factor‑1 (Pref‑1) were measured by western blotting. The results indicated that APN overexpression significantly increased preadipocyte differentiation and cell viability, inhibited MCP‑1, IL‑6, IL‑8 and TNF‑α expression, upregulated PPARγ and C/EBPα expression, and downregulated Pref‑1 under LPS stimulation. In addition, inhibition of PPARγ activity by T0070907 markedly attenuated the effects of APN overexpression. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the effects of APN on the promotion of preadipocyte differentiation under inflammatory conditions may involve the PPARγ signaling pathway, and at least partly depends on upregulation of PPARγ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yang
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Yang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, P.R. China
| | - Yutao Wei
- Department of Cardio‑Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University Medical College, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832008, P.R. China
| | - Wenying Wang
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yingmei Zhong
- Department of Intensive Care, Jiangxi People's Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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18
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Ke B, Ke X, Wan X, Yang Y, Huang Y, Qin J, Hu C, Shi L. Astragalus polysaccharides attenuates TNF-α-induced insulin resistance via suppression of miR-721 and activation of PPAR-γ and PI3K/AKT in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2195-2206. [PMID: 28559971 PMCID: PMC5446503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of how Astragalus Polysaccharides (APS) improves insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. A cell culture model of insulin resistance was established in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes by treating them with TNF-α, high glucose and insulin. Glucose uptake levels were detected in each group. To determine the mechanism by which APS improves insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-721, and Western blots were used to detect the expression or activity of PPAR-γ, PAKT, PI3K, AKT, and GLUT4. Immunostaining was used to detect the expression of GLUT4. We successfully madea model of insulin resistance in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes. APS increased glucose uptake levels in insulin-resistant adipocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and also increased insulin sensitivity. APS suppressed miR-721 with its target gene PPAR-γ in a dose-dependent manner. miR-721 or PPAR inhibitor T0070907 inhibited the expressions of PPAR-γ, pAKT, and GLUT4 and also reduced glucose accumulation. APS attenuated these miR-721- and PPAR-γ-induced changes. APS increased insulin sensitivity by attenuating the effects of miR-721. The PI3K inhibitor wortmannin reduced the APS-increased pAKT, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 levels, and also reduced those levels in the presence of insulin with or without APS. Taken together, our findings suggest that APS promotes glucose uptake and increases insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and may involve the miR-721-PPAR-γ-PI3K/AKT-GLUT4 signaling pathway. These might be new therapeutic targets for treating insulin resistance in obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ke
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Ke
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen Sun Yat-sen Cardiovascular HospitalShenzhen 518112, China
| | - Xuesi Wan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yubin Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingjuan Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Qin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510280, Guangdong, China
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19
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Hydrogen Sulfide in the Adipose Tissue-Physiology, Pathology and a Target for Pharmacotherapy. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010063. [PMID: 28042862 PMCID: PMC6155731 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is synthesized in the adipose tissue mainly by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Several studies have demonstrated that H₂S is involved in adipogenesis, that is the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, most likely by inhibiting phosphodiesterases and increasing cyclic AMP concentration. The effect of H₂S on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake is controversial. Some studies suggest that H₂S inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake and that excess of H₂S contributes to adipose tissue insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. In contrast, other studies have demonstrated that H₂S stimulates glucose uptake and its deficiency contributes to insulin resistance. Similarly, the effect of H₂S on adipose tissue lipolysis is controversial. H₂S produced by perivascular adipose tissue decreases vascular tone by activating ATP-sensitive and/or voltage-gated potassium channels in smooth muscle cells. Experimental obesity induced by high calorie diet has a time dependent effect on H₂S in perivascular adipose tissue; short and long-term obesity increase and decrease H₂S production, respectively. Hyperglycemia has been consistently demonstrated to suppress CSE-H₂S pathway in various adipose tissue depots. Finally, H₂S deficiency may contribute to adipose tissue inflammation associated with obesity/metabolic syndrome.
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