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Du Y, Xie F, Lu M, Lv R, Liu W, Yan Y, Yan S, Zou Z. Continuous strain tuning of oxygen evolution catalysts with anisotropic thermal expansion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1780. [PMID: 38418515 PMCID: PMC10901830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Compressive strain, downshifting the d-band center of transition metal oxides, is an effective way to accelerate the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for water electrolysis. Here, we find that anisotropic thermal expansion can produce compressive strains of the IrO6 octahedron in Sr2IrO4 catalyst, thus downshifting its d-band center. Different from the previous strategies to create constant strains in the crystals, the thermal-triggered compressive strains can be real-timely tuned by varying temperature. As a result of the thermal strain accelerating OER kinetics, the Sr2IrO4 exhibits the nonlinear lnjo - T-1 (jo, exchange current density; T, absolute temperature) Arrhenius relationship, resulting from the thermally induced low-barrier electron transfer in the presence of thermal compressive strains. Our results verify that the thermal field can be utilized to manipulate the electronic states of Sr2IrO4 via thermal compressive strains downshifting the d-band center, significantly accelerating the OER kinetics, beyond the traditional thermal diffusion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Fakang Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mengfei Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Rongxian Lv
- Industrial Center, Nanjing Institute of Technology, No. 1 Hongjing Avenue, Nanjing, 211167, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wangxi Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuandong Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shicheng Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Zhigang Zou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Eco-materials and Renewable Energy Research Center (ERERC), College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Nano Technology, Nanjing University, No. 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, PR China
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Nauman M, Hussain T, Choi J, Lee N, Choi YJ, Kang W, Jo Y. Low-field magnetic anisotropy of Sr 2IrO 4. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:135802. [PMID: 34986467 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac484d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic anisotropy in strontium iridate (Sr2IrO4) is essential because of its strong spin-orbit coupling and crystal field effect. In this paper, we present a detailed mapping of the out-of-plane (OOP) magnetic anisotropy in Sr2IrO4for different sample orientations using torque magnetometry measurements in the low-magnetic-field region before the isospins are completely ordered. Dominant in-plane anisotropy was identified at low fields, confirming thebaxis as an easy magnetization axis. Based on the fitting analysis of the strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, we observed that the main anisotropic effect arises from a spin-orbit-coupled magnetic exchange interaction affecting the OOP interaction. The effect of interlayer exchange interaction results in additional anisotropic terms owing to the tilting of the isospins. The results are relevant for understanding OOP magnetic anisotropy and provide a new way to analyze the effects of spin-orbit-coupling and interlayer magnetic exchange interactions. This study provides insight into the understanding of bulk magnetic, magnetotransport, and spintronic behavior on Sr2IrO4for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nauman
- Thermodynamics of Quantum Materials Laboratory, Institute of Science and Technology (IST) Austria, Klosterneuburg 3400, Austria
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Tayyaba Hussain
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonyoung Choi
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nara Lee
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jai Choi
- Department of Physics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Woun Kang
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjung Jo
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Lu C, Liu JM. The J eff = 1/2 Antiferromagnet Sr 2 IrO 4 : A Golden Avenue toward New Physics and Functions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1904508. [PMID: 31667943 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iridates have been providing a fertile ground for studying emergent phases of matter that arise from the delicate interplay of various fundamental interactions with approximate energy scale. Among these highly focused quantum materials, the perovskite Sr2 IrO4 , which belongs to the Ruddlesden-Popper series, stands out and has been intensively addressed in the last decade, since it hosts a novel Jeff = 1/2 state that is a profound manifestation of strong spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, the Jeff = 1/2 state represents a rare example of iridates that is better understood both theoretically and experimentally. Here, Sr2 IrO4 is taken as an example to review the recent advances of the Jeff = 1/2 state in two aspects: materials fundamentals and functionality potentials. In the fundamentals part, the basic issues for the layered canted antiferromagnetic order of the Jeff = 1/2 magnetic moments in Sr2 IrO4 are illustrated, and then the progress of the antiferromagnetic order modulation through diverse routes is highlighted. Subsequently, for the functionality potentials, fascinating properties such as atomic-scale giant magnetoresistance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and nonvolatile memory, are addressed. To conclude, prospective remarks and an outlook are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Lu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun-Ming Liu
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials and Institute for Advanced Materials, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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