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Tóbiás R, Diouf ML, Cozijn FMJ, Ubachs W, Császár AG. All paths lead to hubs in the spectroscopic networks of water isotopologues H 216O and H 218O. Commun Chem 2024; 7:34. [PMID: 38365971 PMCID: PMC10873357 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Network theory has fundamentally transformed our comprehension of complex systems, catalyzing significant advances across various domains of science and technology. In spectroscopic networks, hubs are the quantum states involved in the largest number of transitions. Here, utilizing network paths probed via precision metrology, absolute energies have been deduced, with at least 10-digit accuracy, for almost 200 hubs in the experimental spectroscopic networks of H216O and H218O. These hubs, lying on the ground vibrational states of both species and the bending fundamental of H216O, are involved in tens of thousands of observed transitions. Relying on the same hubs and other states, benchmark-quality line lists have been assembled, which supersede and improve, by three orders of magnitude, the accuracy of the massive amount of data reported in hundreds of papers dealing with Doppler-limited spectroscopy. Due to the omnipresence of water, these ultraprecise line lists could be applied to calibrate high-resolution spectra and serve ongoing and upcoming space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Tóbiás
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary
| | - Meissa L Diouf
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank M J Cozijn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Ubachs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, LaserLaB, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1081, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Attila G Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and HUN-REN-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, Hungary.
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2
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Liu QH, Tan Y, Cheng CF, Hu SM. Precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:27914-27925. [PMID: 37843424 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03042c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Precision measurements on the hydrogen molecule are of fundamental importance in understanding molecular theory. Comparison of accurate experimental data and theoretical results are used to test the quantum electrodynamics theory and determine physical constants used in the calculation. We review recent advances and perspectives in the precision spectroscopy of molecular hydrogen, representing state-of-the-art molecular spectroscopy methods and cutting-edge high-precision calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Hao Liu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Cun-Feng Cheng
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Department of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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3
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Castrillo A, Fasci E, Furtenbacher T, D'Agostino V, Khan MA, Gravina S, Gianfrani L, Császár AG. On the 12C 2H 2 near-infrared spectrum: absolute transition frequencies and an improved spectroscopic network at the kHz accuracy level. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23614-23625. [PMID: 37622426 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01835k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Lamb dips of twenty lines in the P, Q, and R branches of the ν1 + ν3 + ν41 vibrational band of 12C2H2, in the spectral window of 7125-7230 cm-1, have been measured using an upgraded comb-calibrated frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer, designed for extensive sub-Doppler measurements. Due to the large number of carefully executed Lamb-dip experiments, and to the extrapolation of absolute frequencies to zero pressure in each case, the combined average uncertainty of the measured line-center positions is 15 kHz (5 × 10-7 cm-1) with a 2-σ confidence level. Selection of the twenty lines was based on the theory of spectroscopic networks (SN), ensuring that a large number of transitions, measured previously by precision-spectroscopy investigations, could be connected to the para and ortho principal components of the SN of 12C2H2. The assembled SN contains 331 highly precise transitions, 119 and 121 of which are in the ortho and para principal components, respectively, while the rest remain in floating components. The para- and ortho-12C2H2 energy-level lists, determined during the present study, contain 82 and 80 entries, respectively, with an accuracy similar to that of the lines. Based on the newly assembled lists of para- and ortho-12C2H2 empirical energy levels, a line list, called TenkHz, has been generated. The TenkHz line list contains 282 entries in the spectral range of 5898.97-7258.87 cm-1; thus far, only 149 of them have been measured directly via precision spectroscopy. The TenkHz line list includes 35 intense lines that are missing in the HITRAN2020 database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Castrillo
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Fasci
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Tibor Furtenbacher
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Vittorio D'Agostino
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Stefania Gravina
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Livio Gianfrani
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 81100, Caserta, Italy.
| | - Attila G Császár
- Laboratory of Molecular Structure and Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University and MTA-ELTE Complex Chemical Systems Research Group, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Feng C, Wang X, Miao B, Gu Z, Li J. Real-time free spectral range measurement based on a correlated resonance-tracking technology. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30604-30614. [PMID: 37710600 DOI: 10.1364/oe.500573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a real-time measurement technology for the free spectral range (FSR) of an ultrahigh-aspect-ratio silicon nitride (Si3N4) waveguide ring resonator (WRR). Two different correlated resonant modes were tracked by two optical single-sideband frequency-shifted lights to eliminate interference noise in the Pound-Drever-Hall error signals. A relative precision of 0.1474 ppm was achieved for a 35 mm WRR with FSR = 1,844,944.5 kHz and finesse (F) = 13.2. Furthermore, a cross-correlation of 0.913 between FSR-calculated and thermistor-measured temperatures indicated a high correlation between the real-time FSR and room temperature. We believe this technology is currently the best way to realize low-finesse (F < 50) real-time FSR measurements in the GHz range.
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He K, Tang T, Bi L, Liang X, Li J, Li C, Qin J, Kang T. Polarization-dependent reconfigurable light field manipulation by liquid-immersion metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:13739-13750. [PMID: 37157255 DOI: 10.1364/oe.483593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional grating lenses can accumulate phase for adjusting wavefronts, and plasmonic resonances can be excited in metasurfaces with discrete structures for optical field modulation. Diffractive and plasma optics have been developing in parallel, with easy processing, small size, and dynamic control advantages. Due to theoretical hybridization, structural design can combine advantages and show great potential value. Changing the shape and size of the flat metasurface can easily produce light field reflections, but changes in height are rarely cross-explored. We propose a graded metasurface with a single-structure periodic arrangement, which can mix the effects of plasmonic resonance and grating diffraction. As for solvents of different polarities, strong polarization-dependent beam reflections are produced, enabling versatile beam convergence and deflection. Dielectric/metal nanostructures with selective hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties can be arranged by the structural material specification to selectively settle the location of the solution in a liquid environment. Furthermore, the wetted metasurface is actively triggered to achieve spectral control and initiate polarization-dependent beam steering in the broadband visible light region. Actively reconfigurable polarization-dependent beam steering has potential applications in tunable optical displays, directional emission, beam manipulation and processing, and sensing technologies.
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Diouf ML, Tóbiás R, Cozijn FMJ, Salumbides EJ, Fábri C, Puzzarini C, Császár AG, Ubachs W. Parity-pair-mixing effects in nonlinear spectroscopy of HDO. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:46040-46059. [PMID: 36558568 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A non-linear spectroscopic study of the HDO molecule is performed in the wavelength range of 1.36-1.42 μm using noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical-heterodyne molecular spectroscopy (NICE-OHMS). More than 100 rovibrational Lamb dips are recorded, with an experimental precision of 2-20 kHz, related to the first overtone of the O-H stretch fundamental of HD16O and HD18O. Significant perturbations, including distortions, shifts, and splittings, have been observed for a number of Lamb dips. These spectral perturbations are traced back to an AC-Stark effect, arising due to the strong laser field applied in all saturation-spectroscopy experiments. The AC-Stark effect mixes parity pairs, that is pairs of rovibrational states whose assignment differs solely in the Kc quantum number, where Kc is part of the standard J K a,K c asymmetric-top rotational label. Parity-pair mixing seems to be especially large for parity pairs with Ka ≥ 3, whereby their energy splittings become as small as a few MHz, resulting in multi-component asymmetric Lamb-dip profiles of gradually increasing complexity. These complex profiles often include crossover resonances. This effect is well known in saturation spectroscopy, but has not been reported in combination with parity-pair mixing. Parity-pair mixing is not seen in H2 16O and H2 18O, because their parity pairs correspond to ortho and para nuclear-spin isomers, whose interaction is prohibited. Despite the frequency shifts observed for HD16O and HD18O, the absolute accuracy of the detected transitions still exceeds that achievable by Doppler-limited techniques.
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7
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Absolute frequency metrology of buffer-gas-cooled molecular spectra at 1 kHz accuracy level. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7016. [DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBy reducing both the internal and translational temperature of any species down to a few kelvins, the buffer-gas-cooling (BGC) technique has the potential to dramatically improve the quality of ro-vibrational molecular spectra, thus offering unique opportunities for transition frequency measurements with unprecedented accuracy. However, the difficulty in integrating metrological-grade spectroscopic tools into bulky cryogenic equipment has hitherto prevented from approaching the kHz level even in the best cases. Here, we overcome this drawback by an original opto-mechanical scheme which, effectively coupling a Lamb-dip saturated-absorption cavity ring-down spectrometer to a BGC source, allows us to determine the absolute frequency of the acetylene (ν1 + ν3) R(1)e transition at 6561.0941 cm−1 with a fractional uncertainty as low as 6 × 10−12. By improving the previous record with buffer-gas-cooled molecules by one order of magnitude, our approach paves the way for a number of ultra-precise low-temperature spectroscopic studies, aimed at both fundamental Physics tests and optimized laser cooling strategies.
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8
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Spectroscopic-network-assisted precision spectroscopy and its application to water. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1708. [PMID: 32249848 PMCID: PMC7136255 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequency combs and cavity-enhanced optical techniques have revolutionized molecular spectroscopy: their combination allows recording saturated Doppler-free lines with ultrahigh precision. Network theory, based on the generalized Ritz principle, offers a powerful tool for the intelligent design and validation of such precision-spectroscopy experiments and the subsequent derivation of accurate energy differences. As a proof of concept, 156 carefully-selected near-infrared transitions are detected for H216O, a benchmark system of molecular spectroscopy, at kHz accuracy. These measurements, augmented with 28 extremely-accurate literature lines to ensure overall connectivity, allow the precise determination of the lowest ortho-H216O energy, now set at 23.794 361 22(25) cm−1, and 160 energy levels with similarly high accuracy. Based on the limited number of observed transitions, 1219 calibration-quality lines are obtained in a wide wavenumber interval, which can be used to improve spectroscopic databases and applied to frequency metrology, astrophysics, atmospheric sensing, and combustion chemistry. Precision-spectroscopy techniques can accurately measure lines in constrained frequency and intensity ranges. The authors propose a spectroscopic-network-assisted precision spectroscopy method by which transitions measured in a narrow range provide information in other, extended regions of the spectrum.
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Wang X, Feng L, Xu J, Ni P. Steady-state frequency-tracking distortion in the digital Pound-Drever-Hall technique. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1347-1352. [PMID: 32225384 DOI: 10.1364/ao.379557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present here a general method for evaluating the steady-state frequency-tracking distortion in the digital Pound-Drever-Hall technique with modulation harmonic distortion. The theoretical tracking distortion model is established based on the multi-beam interference theory. The effects of the additional harmonic phase shift and the relative distortion ratio changes in the model are simulated by the Runge-Kutta method. Moreover, we demonstrate the steady-state frequency-tracking distortion caused by the modulation harmonic distortion in a resonant frequency tracking system with a 35 mm Si3N4 waveguide ring resonator. According to the measured and simulated results, we obtain the optimal modulation frequency and depth with minimal frequency-tracking distortion, which are 11.49 MHz and 3.96, respectively.
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10
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Wan C, Yang R, Shi Y, Zheng G, Li Z. Visible-frequency meta-gratings for light steering, beam splitting and absorption tunable functionality. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37318-37326. [PMID: 31878514 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffractive grating and plasmonic metasurface have always been developing as two parallel optical domains, which have not met for studying their hybridization to discover new applications and potentials. Here, we proposed a novel meta-grating design, which hybridizes the metasurface interfacial gradient with the blazed grating profile. The unique architecture takes advantage of both grating effect and plasmonic resonances with minimum cross-coupling, thus leading to the polarization-selective behaviors to steer different polarized light to drastically inverse directions (> 90°). Furthermore, the hybridized surface also exhibits angle-dependent broadband absorptive tunability (∼ 5% - 86%) by migrating the strong blazed order and plasmonic order at the far field. We believe that the integrated meta-grating device would suggest various potential applications including polarization beam splitters, high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) optical spectrometer, high-efficiency plasmonic couplers and filter, etc.
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11
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Zhao G, Hausmaninger T, Schmidt FM, Ma W, Axner O. High-resolution trace gas detection by sub-Doppler noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry: application to detection of acetylene in human breath. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:17940-17953. [PMID: 31252745 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.017940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive high-resolution sub-Doppler detecting spectrometer, based on noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry (NICE-OHMS), for trace gas detection of species whose transitions have severe spectral overlap with abundant concomitant species is presented. It is designed around a NICE-OHMS instrumentation utilizing balanced detection that provides shot-noise limited Doppler-broadened (Db) detection. By synchronous dithering the positions of the two cavity mirrors, the effect of residual etalons between the cavity and other surfaces in the system could be reduced. An Allan deviation of the absorption coefficient of 2.2 × 10-13 cm-1 at 60 s, which, for the targeted transition in C2H2, corresponds to a 3σ detection sensitivity of 130 ppt, is demonstrated. It is shown that despite significant spectral interference from CO2 at the targeted transition, which precludes Db detection of C2H2, acetylene could be detected in exhaled breath of healthy smokers.
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Hua TP, Sun YR, Wang J, Hu CL, Tao LG, Liu AW, Hu SM. Cavity-enhanced saturation spectroscopy of molecules with sub-kHz accuracy. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/cjcp1812272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tian-peng Hua
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yu Robert Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang-le Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lei-gang Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - An-wen Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shui-ming Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Zhang W, Wei H, Chen X, Li Y. Sensitivity improvement by optimized optical switching and curve fitting in a cavity ring-down spectrometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:8487-8493. [PMID: 30461913 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.008487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We presented methods for the improvement of the sensitivity of a cavity ring-down spectrometer other than modifying the cavity length and the mirrors. As for the light switching, a fast driving scheme was proposed to address the slow switching speed of the boost optical amplifier, which makes it have only half of the switching time of that for the common acoustic-optical modulators and electro-optical modulators, as well as have higher extinction ratios. This effectively suppressed the distortions of the ring-down signals. We further adopted a realistic non-exponential curve-fitting method, taking into account the switching speed and the delayed triggering of the optical switch. These methods help accurately determine the ring-down time constants, which in turn reduced the Allan variance of the measurement results and increased the sensitivity. We performed tests at different repetition rates and all of them revealed more than 30% sensitivity improvement. At a rate of 16 kHz, we increased the minimal detectable absorption of 9.1×10-11 cm-1 to 5.7×10-11 cm-1. The effectiveness of these upgrades could benefit many spectroscopic applications of the cavity ring-down spectroscopy, especially for frontier research that requires sensitive measurement and high-quality spectral data.
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Yang L, Lin H, Feng XJ, Zhang JT. Temperature-scanning saturation cavity ring-down spectrometry for Doppler-free spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:10203-10210. [PMID: 29715960 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Saturation cavity ring-down spectroscopy (SCRDS) is a powerful Doppler-free spectroscopy means for measuring absolute frequencies of transitions at the ultra-low uncertainties. We report in this paper a simple way to implement it by temperature scanning the cavity length, which circumvents the need for a complex optical cavity-length stabilization system based upon a piezoelectric actuator (PZT). To demonstrate this approach, the absolute frequencies of the two transitions, R6F1 of the 2v3 and Q9A1 of the 2v2 + v3 bands, of 12CH4, are determined to be 182 185 269.362(20) MHz and 182 187 617.543(39) MHz. The accuracy of measurements is improved by about 3-4 orders of magnitude when compared to those obtained with conventional spectroscopic methods.
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Kassi S, Stoltmann T, Casado M, Daëron M, Campargue A. Lamb dip CRDS of highly saturated transitions of water near 1.4 μm. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:054201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5010957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Kassi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - T. Stoltmann
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
- LSCE-IPSL, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Casado
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
- LSCE-IPSL, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M. Daëron
- LSCE-IPSL, UMR 8212, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ-UPS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A. Campargue
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, 38000 Grenoble, France
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16
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Gotti R, Gatti D, Masłowski P, Lamperti M, Belmonte M, Laporta P, Marangoni M. Conjugating precision and acquisition time in a Doppler broadening regime by interleaved frequency-agile rapid-scanning cavity ring-down spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:134201. [PMID: 28987101 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a novel approach to cavity-ring-down-spectroscopy (CRDS) in which spectra acquired with a frequency-agile rapid-scanning (FARS) scheme, i.e., with a laser sideband stepped across the modes of a high-finesse cavity, are interleaved with one another by a sub-millisecond readjustment of the cavity length. This brings to time acquisitions below 20 s for few-GHz-wide spectra composed of a very high number of spectral points, typically 3200. Thanks to the signal-to-noise ratio easily in excess of 10 000, each FARS-CRDS spectrum is shown to be sufficient to determine the line-centre frequency of a Doppler broadened line with a precision of 2 parts over 1011, thus very close to that of sub-Doppler regimes and in a few-seconds time scale. The referencing of the probe laser to a frequency comb provides absolute accuracy and long-term reproducibility to the spectrometer and makes it a powerful tool for precision spectroscopy and line-shape analysis. The experimental approach is discussed in detail together with experimental precision and accuracy tests on the (30 012) ← (00 001) P12e line of CO2 at ∼1.57 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Gotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano and IFN-CNR, Via Gaetano Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Davide Gatti
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano and IFN-CNR, Via Gaetano Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Piotr Masłowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Marco Lamperti
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano and IFN-CNR, Via Gaetano Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Michele Belmonte
- Oclaro, Inc., Via F. Fellini, 4, 20097 San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Paolo Laporta
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano and IFN-CNR, Via Gaetano Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco, Italy
| | - Marco Marangoni
- Dipartimento di Fisica-Politecnico di Milano and IFN-CNR, Via Gaetano Previati 1/C, 23900 Lecco, Italy
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17
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Communication: Molecular near-infrared transitions determined with sub-kHz accuracy. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:091103. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4998763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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18
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Wang J, Sun YR, Tao LG, Liu AW, Hua TP, Meng F, Hu SM. Comb-locked cavity ring-down saturation spectroscopy. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:043108. [PMID: 28456258 DOI: 10.1063/1.4980037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new method of comb-locked cavity ring-down spectroscopy for the Lamb-dip measurement of molecular ro-vibrational transitions. By locking both the probe laser frequency and a temperature-stabilized high-finesse cavity to an optical frequency comb, we realize saturation spectroscopy of molecules with kilohertz accuracy. The technique is demonstrated by recording the R(9) line in the υ = 3 - 0 overtone band of CO near 1567 nm. The Lamb-dip spectrum of such a weak line (transition rate 0.0075 s-1) is obtained using an input laser power of only 3 mW, and the position is determined to be 191 360 212 770 kHz with an uncertainty of 7 kHz (δν/ν∼3.5×10-11), which is currently limited by our rubidium clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Y R Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - L-G Tao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - A-W Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - T-P Hua
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - F Meng
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing 100013, China
| | - S-M Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, iChem Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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