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Junhai Z, Suqi Z, Beiying D, Zongbiao T, Chuan L, Yanrui W, Weiguo D. Causal relationships between dietary habits and Barrett's esophagus risk: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Food Funct 2024; 15:2474-2484. [PMID: 38329234 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Dietary habits are reported to be associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) risk; however, whether there is a causal relationship remains controversial. Here, we systematically examined the causal effects of genetically predicted dietary habits on BE risk through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis approach. Methods: Data for exposures were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB), while the summary-level data for outcomes were obtained from a large sample-size GWAS meta-analysis. Genetic variants associated with 17 ordinary dietary habits at the genome-wide significance level were regarded as instrumental variables (IVs). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to explore the causal relationships between dietary habits and BE risk. Sensitivity analyses were implemented to evaluate robustness of the results and determine the potential pleiotropy bias. Results: Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis showed that genetic predisposition to alcohol intake frequency, cooked vegetable intake, beef intake, bread intake, fresh fruit intake, salad/raw vegetable intake, and dried fruit intake were associated with BE risk, with all P values <0.05. After adjusting confounders, the effects of four dietary habits on BE risk persisted; multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis revealed that alcohol intake frequency (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.74 (1.34, 2.27); P = 3.42 × 10-5) was causally associated with higher BE risk, the cooked vegetable intake (adjusted OR = 2.64 (1.16, 5.97); P = 0.02) had suggestively increased BE risk, while higher consumption of bread (adjusted OR = 0.54 (0.32-0.91); P = 0.02) and fresh fruit (adjusted OR = 0.34 (0.15, 0.77); P = 0.01) were suggestively associated with lower BE risk. Conclusions: These MR analyses demonstrate evidence of causal relationships between dietary habits and BE risk. These findings provide new insights into targeted dietary intervention strategies for BE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Junhai
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zeng Suqi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Deng Beiying
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Tan Zongbiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Liu Chuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wu Yanrui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Dong Weiguo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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2
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Mejza M, Małecka-Wojciesko E. Diagnosis and Management of Barrett's Esophagus. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062141. [PMID: 36983142 PMCID: PMC10057256 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Barrett's esophagus is a metaplastic change of esophageal mucosa, which can be characterized by its salmon-colored lining and the presence of columnar epithelium with goblet cells. It is a well-established precancerous state of esophageal adenocarcinoma, a tumor with very poor survival rates, which incidence is rapidly growing. Despite numerous research, the debate about its diagnosis and management is still ongoing. This article aims to provide an overview of the current recommendations and new discoveries regarding the subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mejza
- Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Medical University, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
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3
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Grosso G, La Vignera S, Condorelli RA, Godos J, Marventano S, Tieri M, Ghelfi F, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Gambera A, Alonzo E, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Del Rio D, Galvano F. Total, red and processed meat consumption and human health: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2022; 73:726-737. [PMID: 35291893 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Meat consumption has represented an important evolutionary step for humans. However, modern patterns of consumption, including excess intake, type of meat and cooking method have been the focus of attention as a potential cause of rise in non-communicable diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between total, red and processed meat with health outcomes and to assess the level of evidence by performing a systematic search of meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Convincing evidence of the association between increased risk of (i) colorectal adenoma, lung cancer, CHD and stroke, (ii) colorectal adenoma, ovarian, prostate, renal and stomach cancers, CHD and stroke and (iii) colon and bladder cancer was found for excess intake of total, red and processed meat, respectively. Possible negative associations with other health outcomes have been reported. Excess meat consumption may be detrimental to health, with a major impact on cardiometabolic and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Marventano
- Childhood and Adolescent Department, Rimini Women's Health, AUSL Romagna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione De Marchi, IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- Department of Experimental Oncology, SmartFood Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- University of Milano, Milan, Italy.,Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Gambera
- Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria Policlinico, Vittorio Emanuele, Catania, Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service, ASP Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Buscemi
- Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Ulster, UK.,School of the Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, St John's Innovation Centre, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Food and Drug, Human Nutrition Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.,School of Advanced Studies on Food and Nutrition, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Galvano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Sun L, Liang X, Wang Y, Zhu S, Ou Q, Xu H, Li F, Tan X, Lai Z, Pu L, Chen X, Wei J, Wu F, Zhu H, Wang L. Fruit consumption and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Filiberti RA, Fontana V, De Ceglie A, Blanchi S, Lacchin T, De Matthaeis M, Ignomirelli O, Cappiello R, Rosa A, D'Onofrio V, Iaquinto G, Conio M. Dietary Habits and Risk of Esophagitis and Barrett's Esophagus: A Multicenter Italian Case-Control Study. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:3448-3460. [PMID: 33073332 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06658-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett's esophagus (BE) and esophagitis share potentially modifiable risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and alcohol. The role of diet on BE and esophagitis is still debated. AIMS The objective of this study was to examine the association between some dietary habits and the risk of BE and esophagitis in Italy. METHODS A multicenter case-control study involving 1285 individuals was carried out in 12 areas. Patients with a new diagnosis of BE (320) or esophagitis (359) and a group of endoscopic controls (606) were included. Information on personal history and dietary habits was collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS No clear monotonic significant dose-response relationship was found for most of the considered food items. Nevertheless, the most extreme consumption category of red meat, cold cuts, dairy products, and fried foods showed esophagitis risk excesses varying from 19 to 49%. A higher fat rich diet seemed to increase risk by 49% for BE and 94% for esophagitis. A downward tendency in esophagitis (- 27%) and BE risk (- 20%) was found associated with higher frequency of fresh fruit intake. In addition, a statistically significant twofold increased risk for both BE and esophagitis was found for subjects eating late evening snacks more than once every three days in comparison with the lowest intake category (no consumption). CONCLUSIONS BE and esophagitis patients appeared to be more likely than controls to follow a diet rich in fats and poor in fruit and vegetables. Late evening snacks were found to be associated with both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angela Filiberti
- Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonella De Ceglie
- Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Via Giovanni Borea 56, 18038, Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Sabrina Blanchi
- Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Via Giovanni Borea 56, 18038, Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Teresa Lacchin
- Policlinico San Giorgio, Gastroenterology, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Marina De Matthaeis
- Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Via Giovanni Borea 56, 18038, Sanremo, IM, Italy
| | - Orazio Ignomirelli
- IRCCS CROB, Digestive Endoscopy, Strada Provinciale di Piano del Conte, 85028, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy
| | - Roberta Cappiello
- Gastroenterology, S. Maria degli Angeli Hospital, Via Montereale 24, 33170, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Alessandra Rosa
- Clinical Epidemiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vittorio D'Onofrio
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, S. G. Moscati Hospital, Contrada Amoretta, 83100, Avellino, Italy
| | - Gaetano Iaquinto
- Divisione di Gastroenterologia, Clinica Santa Rita, Via Appia, 83042, Atripalda, AV, Italy
| | - Massimo Conio
- Gastroenterology, General Hospital, Via Giovanni Borea 56, 18038, Sanremo, IM, Italy
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6
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Zhao Z, Yin Z, Zhang C. Lifestyle interventions can reduce the risk of Barrett's esophagus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 62 studies involving 250,157 participants. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5297-5320. [PMID: 34128354 PMCID: PMC8335822 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Barrett's esophagus (BE) is a well‐established risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Our objective was to investigate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions on BE risk. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science up to 30 September 2020. The summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the highest versus lowest categories of exposure were assessed. Analyses of subgroup, dose–response, sensitivity, and publication bias were conducted. Results Sixty‐two studies were included that involved more than 250,157 participants and 22,608 cases. Seven lifestyle factors were investigated: smoking, alcohol, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, sleep time, medication, and diet. We observed statistically significant increased BE risks for smoking (RR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.16–1.57), alcohol intake (RR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.13–1.34), body fatness (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03–1.13), less sleep time (RR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.24–2.49), and proton pump inhibitors use (RR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.17–2.29). Reduced risks of BE were found for aspirin (RR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.58–0.84) and the intake of vitamin C (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.44–0.80), folate (RR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.31–0.71), and fiber (RR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.93–0.97). The quality of most included studies was high and the subgroup analysis according to the quality score showed significant results (p < 0.05). There was no publication bias for smoking and alcohol. Although the analysis suggested significant evidence of publication bias for BMI, sensitivity analysis showed that the changes in the recalculated RRs were not significant. Conclusions The large meta‐analysis revealed that lifestyle modifications could reduce the risks of BE and, consequently, esophageal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanwei Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zifang Yin
- Department of Obstetrics, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Zhao Z, Wang F, Chen D, Zhang C. Red and processed meat consumption and esophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:532-545. [PMID: 31270670 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The associations between red and processed meat consumption and esophageal cancer risk remain inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze these associations. METHODS We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies published between the databases' dates of inception and May 2019. RESULTS We ultimately selected 33 eligible studies for analysis. We found that the summary relative risks for the associations between meat consumption and esophageal cancer risk were positive for the case-control studies (P < 0.05), but negative for the cohort studies included in the analysis (P > 0.05). Subtype analysis indicated that red and processed meat consumption was not associated with the risks of esophageal adenocarcinoma (P > 0.05) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (P > 0.05) in the cohort studies. CONCLUSIONS We found case-control but not cohort studies to associate consumption of red and processed meat with the risk of esophageal cancer. Further large prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zhao
- Department of Surgery, Navy General Hospital of PLA, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China
| | - F Wang
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - D Chen
- Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Navy General Hospital of PLA, 6 Fucheng Road, Beijing, China.
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8
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Peters Y, Al-Kaabi A, Shaheen NJ, Chak A, Blum A, Souza RF, Di Pietro M, Iyer PG, Pech O, Fitzgerald RC, Siersema PD. Barrett oesophagus. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2019; 5:35. [PMID: 31123267 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-019-0086-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Barrett oesophagus (BE), the only known histological precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), is a condition in which the squamous epithelium of the oesophagus is replaced by columnar epithelium as an adaptive response to gastro-oesophageal reflux. EAC has one of the fastest rising incidences of cancers in Western countries and has a dismal prognosis. BE is usually detected during endoscopic examination, and diagnosis is confirmed by the histological presence of intestinal metaplasia. Advances in genomics and transcriptomics have improved our understanding of the pathogenesis and malignant progression of intestinal metaplasia. As the majority of EAC cases are diagnosed in individuals without a known history of BE, screening for BE could potentially decrease disease-related mortality. Owing to the pre-malignant nature of BE, endoscopic surveillance of patients with BE is imperative for early detection and treatment of dysplasia to prevent further progression to invasive EAC. Developments in endoscopic therapy have resulted in a major shift in the treatment of patients with BE who have dysplasia or early EAC, from surgical resection to endoscopic resection and ablation. In addition to symptom control by optimization of lifestyle and pharmacological therapy with proton pump inhibitors, chemopreventive strategies based on NSAIDs and statins are currently being investigated for BE management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonne Peters
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ali Al-Kaabi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Shaheen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amitabh Chak
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Blum
- Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rhonda F Souza
- Department of Medicine and the Center for Esophageal Diseases, Baylor University Medical Center at Dallas and the Center for Esophageal Research, Baylor Scott and White Research Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Prasad G Iyer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Oliver Pech
- Department of Gastroenterology, St John of God Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Peter D Siersema
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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9
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Fardet A, Richonnet C, Mazur A. Association between consumption of fruit or processed fruit and chronic diseases and their risk factors: a systematic review of meta-analyses. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:376-387. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- University of Clermont Auvergne, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - André Mazur
- University of Clermont Auvergne, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), Human Nutrition Unit, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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10
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Angelino D, Godos J, Ghelfi F, Tieri M, Titta L, Lafranconi A, Marventano S, Alonzo E, Gambera A, Sciacca S, Buscemi S, Ray S, Galvano F, Del Rio D, Grosso G. Fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes: an umbrella review of observational studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 70:652-667. [PMID: 30764679 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1571021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive evaluation of current evidence on fruit and vegetable consumption and health outcomes. A systematic search for quantitative syntheses was performed. Several criteria, including study design, dose-response relationship, heterogeneity and agreement of results over time, and identification of potential confounding factors, were used to assess the level of evidence. The strongest (probable) evidence was found for cardiovascular disease protection; possible evidence for decreased risk of colon cancer, depression and pancreatic diseases was found for fruit intake; and colon and rectal cancer, hip fracture, stroke, depression and pancreatic diseases was found for vegetable intake. Suggestive and rather limited associations with other outcomes have been found. Evidence of potential confounding by sex and geographical localisation has been reported. Despite findings are consistent enough for hypothesising causation (at least for cardiovascular-related outcomes), further studies are needed to clarify the role of potential confounding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donato Angelino
- a The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.,c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom
| | - Francesca Ghelfi
- c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom.,f SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Tieri
- f SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Lucilla Titta
- f SmartFood Program, Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS , Milan , Italy
| | - Alessandra Lafranconi
- g Biccoca , University of Milano , Milan , Italy.,h Care and Public Health Research Institute , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Stefano Marventano
- i Rimini Women's Health, Childhood and Adolescent Department , AUSL Romagna , Rimini , Italy
| | - Elena Alonzo
- j Food and Nutrition Security and Public Health Service , ASP Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Angelo Gambera
- k Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacca
- l Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna , Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele , Catania , Italy
| | - Silvio Buscemi
- m Biomedical Department of Internal and Specialist Medicine (DIBIMIS) , University of Palermo , Palermo , Italy
| | - Sumantra Ray
- c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom.,n Medical Research Council (MRC) Human Nutrition Research Unit , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Galvano
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- a The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food and Drug , University of Parma , Parma , Italy.,c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom.,o The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Veterinary Science , University of Parma , Parma , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- b Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences , University of Catania , Catania , Italy.,c NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health , St John's Innovation Centre , Cambridge , United Kingdom.,d Wolfson College at the University of Cambridge , United Kingdom.,e Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health at Ulster University , United Kingdom
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11
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The Associations of Fruit and Vegetable Intakes with Burden of Diseases: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:464-481. [PMID: 30639206 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low fruit and vegetable intakes are recognized risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. This systematic review summarizes published meta-analyses of global burden of diseases attributable to low fruit and vegetable intakes, and the best relative risk estimates. METHODS A published novel assessment process combining Cochrane Review measures, Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews checklist, and Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale was employed. RESULTS Sixty-four reports investigating 98 risk-disease pairs were included in the systematic review. Fifty-six pairs from 39 reports were assessed as statistically significant, involving 29 burden of diseases. Dose responses were identified for 31 negative and two positive associations. High against low intake relative risks were identified for 22 negative and one positive association. The highest identified linear dose response for each 100 g/day increase in fruit intakes was 0.56 (95% CI 0.42 to 0.74) for esophageal cancer, followed by 0.72 (95% CI 0.59 to 0.87) for mouth, pharynx, and larynx cancer; nonlinear dose response for the first 100 g/day of fruit intakes were 0.86 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.88) for stroke, followed by 0.89 (95% CI 0.88 to 0.90) for all-cause mortality. The highest identified linear dose response for each 100 g/day increase in vegetable intakes was 0.88 (95% CI 0.80 to 0.95) for renal cell cancer, followed by 0.89 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.95) for non-Hodgkin lymphoma; nonlinear dose responses for the first 100 g/day of vegetable intake were 0.86 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.89) for coronary heart disease, followed by 0.87 (95% CI 0.84 to 0.90) for all-cause mortality. For nonlinear associations, clear increases in protective associations were observed with the first 200 g/day of intakes, whereas little further increase or even decrease in protective associations were reported beyond 300 g/day intakes. Canned fruit intakes were positively associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, and pickled vegetable intakes were positively associated with stomach cancer. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review supports existing recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes. Current comparative risk assessments might significantly underestimate the protective associations of fruit and vegetable intakes.
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12
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Fardet A. Characterization of the Degree of Food Processing in Relation With Its Health Potential and Effects. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 85:79-129. [PMID: 29860978 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Up today technological processes are intended to produce safe and palatable food products. Yet, it is also expected that processing produces healthy and sustainable foods. However, due to the dramatic increase of chronic diseases prevalence worldwide, i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and some cancers, ultraprocessing has been pointed out as producing unhealthy foods, rich in energy and poor in protective micronutrients and fiber, i.e., "empty" calories. Indeed the 1980s saw massive arrivals of ultraprocessed foods in supermarkets, i.e., fractionated-recombined foods with added ingredients and/or additives. Epidemiological studies clearly emphasized that populations adhering the most to ultraprocessed foods, e.g., processed meat, refined grains, ultraprocessed plant-based foods, and/or sweetened beverages, exhibited the higher prevalence of chronic diseases. This prompted researchers to classify foods according to their degree of processing as with the international NOVA classification (i.e., un/minimally processed, processed, and ultraprocessed foods). More and more studies showed that such a classification makes sense for health. Overall one distinguishes three categories of processes: mechanical, thermal, and fermentative treatments, this latter being the more favorable to food health potential. This chapter has therefore several ambitions: (1) to review association between degree of food processing and chronic disease risk prevalence; (2) to explore the impact of technological processes on food health potential considering both matrix and compositional effects; (3) to discuss the need for classifying food according to their degree of processing in future epidemiological studies; and (4) to analyze consequences of adhering to a more holistic paradigm in both food processing and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Fardet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Red and processed meat consumption and gastric cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30563-30575. [PMID: 28430644 PMCID: PMC5444765 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations between red and processed meat consumption and gastric cancer risk have remained inconclusive. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze these associations. We searched PubMed and EMBASE to identify studies published from inception through October 2016. Subtype analyses of gastric cancer (gastric cardia adenocarcinoma and gastric non-cardiac adenocarcinoma) and dose-response analyses were performed. We finally selected 42 eligible studies. The summary relative risks of highest versus lowest consumption were positive for case-control studies with 1.67 (1.36-2.05) for red meat and 1.76 (1.51-2.05) for processed meat, but negative for cohort studies with 1.14 (0.97-1.34) for red meat and 1.23 (0.98-1.55) for processed meat. Subtype analyses of cohort studies suggested null results for gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (red meat, P = 0.79; processed meat, P = 0.89) and gastric non-cardiac adenocarcinoma (red meat, P = 0.12; processed meat, P = 0.12). In conclusion, the present analysis suggested null results between red and processed meat consumption and gastric cancer risk in cohort studies, although case-control studies yielded positive associations. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Dietary total antioxidant capacity and incidence of chronic kidney disease in subjects with dysglycemia: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2377-2385. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1511-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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