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Bishop RP, Odongo D, Ahmed J, Mwamuye M, Fry LM, Knowles DP, Nanteza A, Lubega G, Gwakisa P, Clausen PH, Obara I. A review of recent research on Theileria parva: Implications for the infection and treatment vaccination method for control of East Coast fever. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 1:56-67. [PMID: 32174044 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The infection and treatment (ITM) live vaccination method for control of Theileria parva infection in cattle is increasingly being adopted, particularly in Maasai pastoralist systems. Several studies indicate positive impacts on human livelihoods. Importantly, the first detailed protocol for live vaccine production at scale has recently been published. However, quality control and delivery issues constrain vaccination sustainability and deployment. There is evidence that the distribution of T. parva is spreading from endemic areas in East Africa, North into Southern Sudan and West into Cameroon, probably as a result of anthropogenic movement of cattle. It has also recently been demonstrated that in Kenya, T. parva derived from cape buffalo can 'breakthrough' the immunity induced by ITM. However, in Tanzania, breakthrough has not been reported in areas where cattle co-graze with buffalo. It has been confirmed that buffalo in northern Uganda national parks are not infected with T. parva and R. appendiculatus appears to be absent, raising issues regarding vector distribution. Recently, there have been multiple field population genetic studies using variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences and sequencing of antigen genes encoding targets of CD8+ T-cell responses. The VNTR markers generally reveal high levels of diversity. The antigen gene sequences present within the trivalent Muguga cocktail are relatively conserved among cattle transmissible T. parva populations. By contrast, greater genetic diversity is present in antigen genes from T. parva of buffalo origin. There is also evidence from several studies for transmission of components of stocks present within the Muguga cocktail, into field ticks and cattle following induction of a carrier state by immunization. In the short term, this may increase live vaccine effectiveness, through a more homogeneous challenge, but the long-term consequences are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Bishop
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - David Odongo
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jabbar Ahmed
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Micky Mwamuye
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindsay M Fry
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.,Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Donald P Knowles
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Anne Nanteza
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - George Lubega
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Paul Gwakisa
- Genome Science Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Peter-Henning Clausen
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaiah Obara
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Gororo E, Makuza SM, Chidzwondo F, Chatiza FP. Variation in sperm cryosurvival is not modified by replacing the cryoprotectant glycerol with ethylene glycol in bulls. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1210-1218. [PMID: 32628298 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Breed and sire differences in sperm cryosurvival have been noted, with negative implications for sperm cryobanking and assisted reproduction programmes. This study hypothesized that these differences could be modified by using lower molecular weight cryoprotectants. Therefore, the effect of replacing glycerol (GLY) with ethylene glycol (EG) on differential cryosurvival of semen from two Sanga cattle breeds (Mashona vs. Tuli) was determined. Three to five ejaculates were collected from each of ten bulls (3-8 years) by electro-ejaculation, diluted in three Tris-egg yolk extenders (Triladyl® , 7% GLY-based and 7% EG-based) and evaluated for sperm motility, viability and morphology at three time periods (fresh - 0 hr, pre-freeze - 4 hr and post-thaw). Tuli bulls produced larger (11.8 ± 0.31 ml vs. 8.5 ± 0.38 ml) and more concentrated ejaculates of lower fresh semen quality. Breeds differed across time for motility and morphology, but not viability. Mashona bull semen had significantly higher motility and normal morphology values at each sampling time. Bulls classified as poor freezers had lower concentration (0.70 ± 0.09 × 109 sperm/ml vs. 1.37 ± 0.10 × 109 sperm/ml), sperm motility index (SMI, 35.0 ± 3.4 % vs. 67.8 ± 2.1 %) and viability (69.7 ± 1.1 % vs. 75.7 ± 1.0 %) compared to good freezers. Maintenance of semen quality by GLY and EG did not differ between breeds, poor and good freezers, or age groups. The interaction breed by extender across time did not reach statistical significance for all variables. The study revealed that bull and breed variation in sperm quality and cryosurvival is not modified by replacing GLY with EG, suggesting that cryostress tolerance of sperm may be under control of mechanisms other than differential response to GLY cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddington Gororo
- Germplasm and Reproductive Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production & Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | - Stanley Marshal Makuza
- School of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Fungayi Primrose Chatiza
- Germplasm and Reproductive Technology Laboratory, Department of Animal Production & Technology, Chinhoyi University of Technology, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
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Kuiper M, Spencer M, Kanyima BM, Ng CH, Newell M, Turyahikayo S, Makoni N, Madan D, Lieberman DH. Using on-demand dry ice production as an alternative cryogenic cold chain for bovine artificial insemination outreach in low-resource settings. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa012. [PMID: 32705012 PMCID: PMC7201085 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial insemination (AI) is widely used in livestock industries to breed for desirable characteristics and increase yields. The standard practice of storing and transporting bovine semen uses liquid nitrogen (LN), a scarce commodity in many regions of the world. This study explored the feasibility of using dry ice, a more readily available alternative. We developed equipment that dispenses dry ice from widely available liquid carbon dioxide (LCO2) tanks into an easily transportable device. In vivo fertility results with a dry ice cold chain showed no statistical difference to the conventional LN method. In vitro bovine semen analyses also showed that storage under these conditions minimally affects characteristics associated with fertility. A dry ice cold chain system could leverage the global availability of LCO2 to expand the reach of AI and other cold storage applications of biological materials in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kuiper
- Intellectual Ventures' Global Good Fund, Bellevue, WA
| | | | - Benon M Kanyima
- School of Veterinary and Animal Resources, COVAB, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Chin H Ng
- Intellectual Ventures' Global Good Fund, Bellevue, WA
| | - Mark Newell
- Intellectual Ventures' Global Good Fund, Bellevue, WA
| | - Silver Turyahikayo
- African Breeders Services Total Cattle Management Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nathaniel Makoni
- African Breeders Services Total Cattle Management Limited, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Damian Madan
- Intellectual Ventures' Global Good Fund, Bellevue, WA
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Ishino T, Kurita H, Kirisawa R, Shimamoto Y, Numano R, Kitamura H. Introduction of a plasmid and a protein into bovine and swine cells by water-in-oil droplet electroporation. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:14-22. [PMID: 31776296 PMCID: PMC6983666 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Instrument cost is a major problem for the transduction of DNA fragments and proteins into cells. Water-in-oil droplet electroporation (droplet-EP) was recently invented as a low-cost and
effective method for the transfection of plasmids into cultured human cells. We here applied droplet-EP to livestock animal cells. Although it is difficult to transfect plasmids into bovine
fibroblasts using conventional lipofection methods, droplet-EP enabled us to introduce an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing plasmid into bovine earlobe fibroblasts. The
optimal transfection condition was 3.0 kV, which allowed 19.1% of the cells to be transfected. For swine earlobe fibroblasts, the maximum transfection efficacy was 14.0% at 4.0 kV. After
transfection with droplet-EP, 69.1% of bovine and 76.5% of swine cells were viable. Furthermore, droplet-EP successfully transduced Escherichia coli recombinant EGFP into
frozen-thawed bovine sperm at 1.5 kV. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that 71.5% of spermatozoa exhibited green fluorescence after transfection. Overall, droplet-EP is suitable for the
transfection of plasmids and proteins into cultured livestock animal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ishino
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Departments of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kurita
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Rikio Kirisawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Virology, Departments of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Animal Therapeutics, Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Rika Numano
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Departments of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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González A, Arando A, Acosta A, Alcalá CJ, Arrebola FA, Pérez-Marín CC. Frozen dog spermatozoa are negatively affected during storage at -80, -21 and -8 ºC. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 210:106197. [PMID: 31635782 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cryopreservation in liquid nitrogen (LN2) allows for semen to be stored for long periods of time while there is sustaining of sperm viability. In this study, there was assessment of effects induced by different storage temperatures on cryopreserved dog spermatozoa. After cryopreservation at -196 °C, sperm samples were transferred to storage conditions of -80, 21 or -8 °C. Sperm motility, morphology, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation were determined in samples stored at -196 °C (evaluation time =0 h), and then after 12 h and 1, 4, 7 and 15 d of storage at 80, -21 and -8 °C. In samples stored at -80 °C, sperm morphology, viability, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation did not differ at successive evaluation times. Progressive motility was less (P < 0.05) after 12 h and total motility after 4 d of storage at -80 ºC as compared with that of the 0 h sample. With storage at the other temperatures (-21 and -8 ºC), there was a reduction of mean values for sperm total and progressive motility, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential after 12 h of storage at these temperatures. Results, therefore, indicate the use of ultra-freezers at -80 ºC to store frozen dog semen allows for maintenance of sperm characteristics for at least 15 d but motility is sustained for only 1 d. Neither of the -21 or -8 ºC storage temperatures were effective for storing of frozen dog sperm and retaining viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio González
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Ander Arando
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Alberto Acosta
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos J Alcalá
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Francisco A Arrebola
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA) Hinojosa del Duque, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Carlos C Pérez-Marín
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain.
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Organic breeding in Sarda ewes: Utilization of the ram effect in an artificial insemination program. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Demyda-Peyrás S, Bottrel M, Acha D, Ortiz I, Hidalgo M, Carrasco J, Gómez-Arrones V, Gósalvez J, Dorado J. Effect of cooling rate on sperm quality of cryopreserved Andalusian donkey spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 193:201-208. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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