Mitani N, Mougi A. Population cycles emerging through multiple interaction types.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017;
4:170536. [PMID:
28989759 PMCID:
PMC5627099 DOI:
10.1098/rsos.170536]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic dynamics of populations are outstanding and widespread phenomena across many taxa. Previous theoretical studies have mainly focused on the consumer-resource interaction as the driving force for such cycling. However, natural ecosystems comprise diverse types of species interactions, but their roles in population dynamics remains unclear. Here, using a four-species hybrid module with antagonistic, mutualistic and competitive interactions, we analytically showed that the system with major interaction types can drive population cycles. Stronger interactions easily cause cycling, and even when sub-modules with possible combinations of two interactions are stabilized by weak interactions, the system with all interaction types can cause unstable population oscillations. Diversity of interaction types allows to add mutualists to the list of drivers of oscillations in a focal species' population size, when they act in conjunction to other drivers.
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