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Dotov D, Cochen de Cock V, Driss V, Bardy B, Dalla Bella S. Coordination Rigidity in the Gait, Posture, and Speech of Persons with Parkinson's Disease. J Mot Behav 2023; 55:394-409. [PMID: 37257844 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2217100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with reduced coordination abilities. These can result either in random or rigid patterns of movement. The latter, described here as coordination rigidity (CR), have been studied less often. We explored whether CR was present in gait, quiet stance, and speech-tasks involving coordination among multiple joints and muscles. Kinematic and voice recordings were used to compute measures describing the dynamics of systems with multiple degrees of freedom and nonlinear interactions. After clinical evaluation, patients with moderate stage PD were compared against matched healthy participants. In the PD group, gait dynamics was associated with decreased dynamic divergence-lower instability-in the vertical axis. Postural fluctuations were associated with increased regularity in the anterior-posterior axis, and voice dynamics with increased predictability, all consistent with CR. The clinical relevance of CR was confirmed by showing that some of those features contribute to disease classification with supervised machine learning (82/81/85% accuracy/sensitivity/specificity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dobromir Dotov
- Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Valérie Cochen de Cock
- Clinique Beau Soleil and CHU, Hôpital St Eloi, Montpellier, France
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Driss
- Clinical Investigation Centre (CIC) 1411, University Hospital of Montpellier & Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Benoît Bardy
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Simone Dalla Bella
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS) and Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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2
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Álvarez-Millán L, Castillo-Castillo D, Quispe-Siccha R, Pérez-Pacheco A, Angelova M, Rivera-Sánchez J, Fossion R. Frailty Syndrome as a Transition from Compensation to Decompensation: Application to the Biomechanical Regulation of Gait. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5995. [PMID: 37297599 PMCID: PMC10253052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Most gait parameters decrease with age and are even more importantly reduced with frailty. However, other gait parameters exhibit different or even opposite trends for aging and frailty, and the underlying reason is unclear. Literature focuses either on aging, or on frailty, and a comprehensive understanding of how biomechanical gait regulation evolves with aging and with frailty seems to be lacking. We monitored gait dynamics in young adults (19-29 years, n = 27, 59% women), middle-aged adults (30-59 years, n = 16, 62% women), and non-frail (>60 years, n = 15, 33% women) and frail older adults (>60 years, n = 31, 71% women) during a 160 m walking test using the triaxial accelerometer of the Zephyr Bioharness 3.0 device (Zephyr Technology, Annapolis, MD, USA). Frailty was evaluated using the Frail Scale (FS) and the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). We found that in non-frail older adults, certain gait parameters, such as cadence, were increased, whereas other parameters, such as step length, were decreased, and gait speed is maintained. Conversely, in frail older adults, all gait parameters, including gait speed, were decreased. Our interpretation is that non-frail older adults compensate for a decreased step length with an increased cadence to maintain a functional gait speed, whereas frail older adults decompensate and consequently walk with a characteristic decreased gait speed. We quantified compensation and decompensation on a continuous scale using ratios of the compensated parameter with respect to the corresponding compensating parameter. Compensation and decompensation are general medical concepts that can be applied and quantified for many, if not all, biomechanical and physiological regulatory mechanisms of the human body. This may allow for a new research strategy to quantify both aging and frailty in a systemic and dynamic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesli Álvarez-Millán
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico;
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Daniel Castillo-Castillo
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.C.-C.); (R.Q.-S.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Rosa Quispe-Siccha
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.C.-C.); (R.Q.-S.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Argelia Pérez-Pacheco
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico (UIDT), Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (D.C.-C.); (R.Q.-S.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Maia Angelova
- School of Information Technology, Melbourne Burwood Campus, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia;
| | - Jesús Rivera-Sánchez
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
| | - Ruben Fossion
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares (ICN), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 04510, Mexico
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3
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Ventura JD, Hodges BH. Carrying children, groceries, and water across varying terrain: Changes in gait and comfortable walking speed. Gait Posture 2023; 103:140-145. [PMID: 37163856 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carrying items of substantial weight and value in one's arms while traversing challenging terrain is a common task that requires considerable care. Carrying valuable (e.g., child) or variable (e.g., water) items, compared to stable ones (e.g., groceries) demands increased coordination, and is likely to lead to slower comfortable walking speed (CWS) and altered gait mechanics, especially on difficult terrain. RESEARCH QUESTION How are gait parameters altered by carrying items of substantial weight and varying value and dynamics across more and less demanding terrain? METHODS In two experiments, participants carried their child, an equally weighted sack of groceries, or an open bucket of water in the same manner across level floor and across uneven stairs of varying heights with gaps between them. Kinematics were assessed for both terrains; kinetics were measured for one step up and one step down on stairs. RESULTS Mixed models ANOVAs with repeated measures revealed that CWS on uneven stairs was approximately 65 % of CWS for level floor, regardless of the item carried. Step-to-step coefficients of variation for step length and CWS were also greater. Water was carried most slowly, with shorter steps on level floor and reduced accelerations on uneven stairs. CWS with children and groceries did not differ. SIGNIFICANCE Carrying items of weight and worth with varying dynamics across more and less challenging terrain illustrates the ecological complexity of walking. Terrain requiring greater flexibility, strength, and coordination reduced CWS substantially, a complexity-speed tradeoff. More variable, difficult to control items altered CWS and other gait patterns regardless of terrain difficulty, suggesting terrain and item dynamics contributed independently to gait adjustments. More valuable items were not carried more slowly than less valuable ones. Carrying tasks deserve greater attention in research and clinical assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica D Ventura
- Department of Kinesiology, Gordon College, 255 Grapevine Rd., Wenham, MA 01984, USA
| | - Bert H Hodges
- Department of Psychology, Gordon College, Wenham, MA 01984, USA.
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4
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Pallavi P, Jariwala N, Patel N, Kanetkar M, Diwan S, Lahiri U. The Implication of Pathway Turn and Task Condition on Gait Quantified Using SmartWalk: Changes With Age and Parkinson's Disease With Relevance to Postural Strategy and Risk of Fall. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:804397. [PMID: 35573308 PMCID: PMC9098993 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.804397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One's gait can be affected by aging, pathway with turns, task demands, etc., causing changes in gait-related indices and knee flexion (influencing posture). Walking on pathways with turns threatens stability, affecting one's gait-related indices and posture. The ability to overcome such deficits is compromised with age and neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's Disease (PD) leading to falls. Also, task demands imposed by single and dual-task (e.g., counting backward while walking) conditions affect the gait of individuals using different postural strategies varying with age and neurological disorder. Existing research has investigated either the effect of the pathway with turn or task condition on one's gait. However, none (to our knowledge) have explored the differentiated implications of the pathway with turn and task conditions on one's gait-related indices and knee flexion while walking. Our study had two phases with 30 participants. Phase 1 had healthy adults (young and old) and Phase 2 had age and gender-matched healthy elderly and individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who walked on pathways having turns under single and dual-task conditions. We analysed gait in terms of (i) gait-related indices (Phases 1 and 2) and (ii) knee flexion (Phase 2). Also, we analysed one's counting performance during dual task. One's gait-related indices and knee flexion were measured using a portable gait quantifier. The aim was to (i)understand whether both pathways with turn and task conditions are equally effective in affecting the gait of (a)individuals of varying ages and (b) gender-matched healthy older adults and individuals with PD, (ii)study variations of knee joint angles while walking on pathways having turns (under different task conditions) in terms of its clinical relevance, and (iii) explore the implication of pathway with turn on counting performance (with relevance to postural strategy) with varying age and PD. Results indicated that for the younger group, the task condition caused statistical variations in gait-related indices. For the older group, both pathways with turn and task conditions had statistical implications on gait-related indices. Additionally, individuals with PD demonstrated a higher variation in knee flexion than their healthy counterparts. Again, pathways with varying turns elicited variations in counting performance indicating different postural strategies being employed by the three groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pallavi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Niravkumar Patel
- Design and Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Manasi Kanetkar
- Design and Innovation Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
| | | | - Uttama Lahiri
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, India
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Zancan A, Sozzi S, Schieppati M. Basic Spatiotemporal Gait Variables of Young and Older Healthy Volunteers Walking Along a Novel Figure-of-8 Path. Front Neurol 2021; 12:698160. [PMID: 34168613 PMCID: PMC8217764 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.698160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Locomotion along curved trajectories requires fine coordination among body segments. Elderly people may adopt a cautious attitude when steering. A simple, expeditious, patient-friendly walking protocol can be a tool to help clinicians. We evaluated the feasibility of a procedure based upon a newly designed Figure-of-eight (nFo8) path and an easy measurement operation. Methods: Sixty healthy volunteers, aged from 20 to 86 years, walked three times at self-selected speed along a 20 m linear (LIN) and the 20 m nFo8 path. Number of steps, mean speed and walk ratio (step length/cadence) were collected. Data were analysed for the entire cohort and for the groups aged 20-45, 46-65, and >65 years. Results: There was no difference in mean LIN walking speed between the two younger groups but the oldest was slower. During nFo8, all groups were slower (about 16%) than during LIN. Cadence was not different across groups but lower during nFo8 in each group. Step length was about 8% shorter in the two younger groups and 14% shorter in the oldest during nFo8 compared to LIN. Walk ratio was the smallest in the oldest group for both LIN and nFo8. Conclusions: A complex nFo8 walking path, with fast and easy measurement of a simple set of variables, detects significant differences with moderate and large effects in gait variables in people >65 years. This challenging trajectory is more revealing than LIN. Further studies are needed to develop a quick clinical tool for assessment of gait conditions or outcome of rehabilitative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefania Sozzi
- Centro Studi Attività Motorie, Neurorehabilitation and Spinal Unit, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SB, Pavia, Italy
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Lheureux A, Warlop T, Cambier C, Chemin B, Stoquart G, Detrembleur C, Lejeune T. Influence of Autocorrelated Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations on Parkinson's Disease Gait Variability: Comparison With Other Auditory Rhythm Variabilities and Perspectives. Front Physiol 2021; 11:601721. [PMID: 33424625 PMCID: PMC7786048 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease patients suffer from gait impairments such as reduced gait speed, shortened step length, and deterioration of the temporal organization of stride duration variability (i.e., breakdown in Long-Range Autocorrelations). The aim of this study was to compare the effects on Parkinson's Disease patients' gait of three Rhythmic Auditory Stimulations (RAS), each structured with a different rhythm variability (isochronous, random, and autocorrelated). Nine Parkinson's Disease patients performed four walking conditions of 10-15 min each: Control Condition (CC), Isochronous RAS (IRAS), Random RAS (RRAS), and Autocorrelated RAS (ARAS). Accelerometers were used to assess gait speed, cadence, step length, temporal organization (i.e., Long-Range Autocorrelations computation), and magnitude (i.e., coefficient of variation) of stride duration variability on 512 gait cycles. Long-Range Autocorrelations were assessed using the evenly spaced averaged Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (α-DFA exponent). Spatiotemporal gait parameters and coefficient of variation were not modified by the RAS. Long-Range Autocorrelations were present in all patients during CC and ARAS although all RAS conditions altered them. The α-DFA exponents were significantly lower during IRAS and RRAS than during CC, exhibiting anti-correlations during IRAS in seven patients. α-DFA during ARAS was the closest to the α-DFA during CC and within normative data of healthy subjects. In conclusion, Isochronous RAS modify patients' Long-Range Autocorrelations and the use of Autocorrelated RAS allows to maintain an acceptable level of Long-Range Autocorrelations for Parkinson's Disease patients' gait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Lheureux
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Thibault Warlop
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Charline Cambier
- NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Baptiste Chemin
- Institute of NeuroScience, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Stoquart
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Christine Detrembleur
- NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
| | - Thierry Lejeune
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium.,NeuroMusculoSkeletal Lab (NSMK), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Belgium
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7
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Klotzbier TJ, Bühler K, Holfelder B, Schott N. Exploring motor-cognitive interference in children with Down syndrome using the Trail-Walking-Test. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 106:103769. [PMID: 32979845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The dual-task (DT) paradigm is an ecologically valid approach to assess cognitive function in relation with motor demands, particularly for children with Down syndrome (DS). This study aimed to determine DT performance for a complex Change-of-Direction (CoD_W) walking task in children with DS. METHODS The sample included 12 children with DS (10.2 ± 1.19 years), 12 typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological (TD-CA: 10.2 ± 1.19 years) and 12 TD children matched for mental age (TD-MA: 5.50 ± 1.24 years). We examined DT performance with the Trail-Walking-Test (TWT): participants (1) walked along a fixed pathway, following a prescribed path, delineated by target markers of (2) increasing sequential numbers, and (3) increasing sequential numbers and letters. Motor and cognitive dual-task costs (DTC) were calculated. RESULTS For the TWT, an ANOVA with repeated measures revealed significant differences between DS and the CA, but not the MA group. Overall, there were significant decreases in speed with increasing cognitive demands. In addition, all children produced higher cognitive compared to motor DTC, which were more pronounced in the cognitively more challenging condition. CONCLUSION The assessment of motor and cognitive performance in a DT paradigm provided insight in how motor and/or cognitive impairment constrains the ability of children to successfully perform activities in a complex and dynamical environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jürgen Klotzbier
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Katharina Bühler
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Benjamin Holfelder
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Nadja Schott
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 28, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
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8
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Moumdjian L, Maes PJ, Dalla Bella S, Decker LM, Moens B, Feys P, Leman M. Detrended fluctuation analysis of gait dynamics when entraining to music and metronomes at different tempi in persons with multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12934. [PMID: 32737347 PMCID: PMC7395137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), synchronizing walking to auditory stimuli such as to music and metronomes have been shown to be feasible, and positive clinical effects have been reported on step frequency and perception of fatigue. Yet, the dynamic interaction during the process of synchronization, such as the coupling of the steps to the beat intervals in music and metronomes, and at different tempi remain unknown. Understanding these interactions are clinically relevant, as it reflects the pattern of step intervals over time, known as gait dynamics. 28 PwMS and 29 healthy controls were instructed to walk to music and metronomes at 6 tempi (0–10% in increments of 2%). Detrended fluctuation analysis was applied to calculate the fractal statistical properties of the gait time-series to quantify gait dynamics by the outcome measure alpha. The results showed no group differences, but significantly higher alpha when walking to music compared to metronomes, and when walking to both stimuli at tempi + 8, + 10% compared to lower tempi. These observations suggest that the precision and adaptation gain differ during the coupling of the steps to beats in music compared to metronomes (continuous compared to discrete auditory structures) and at different tempi (different inter-beat-intervals).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lousin Moumdjian
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium. .,REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.
| | - Pieter-Jan Maes
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Simone Dalla Bella
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Canada.,University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leslie M Decker
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, COMETE, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Bart Moens
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Peter Feys
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Marc Leman
- IPEM Institute of Psychoacoustics and Electronic Music, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
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9
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Ravi DK, Marmelat V, Taylor WR, Newell KM, Stergiou N, Singh NB. Assessing the Temporal Organization of Walking Variability: A Systematic Review and Consensus Guidelines on Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. Front Physiol 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32655400 PMCID: PMC7324754 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human physiological signals are inherently rhythmic and have a hallmark feature in that even distant intrasignal measurements are related to each other. This relationship is termed long-range correlation and has been recognized as an indicator of the optimal state of the observed physiological systems, among which the locomotor system. Loss of long-range correlations has been found as a result of aging as well as disease, which can be evaluated with detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA). Recently, DFA and the scaling exponent α have been employed for understanding the degeneration of temporal regulation of human walking biorhythms in, for example, Parkinson disease (PD). However, heterogeneous evidence on scaling exponent α values reported in the literature across different population groups has put into question what constitutes a healthy physiological pattern. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the functional thresholds of scaling exponent α in young vs. older adults, as well as between patients with PD and age-matched asymptomatic controls. Aging and PD exhibited a negative effect size (i.e., led to decreased long-range correlations) of -0.20 and -0.53, respectively. Our meta-analysis based on 14 studies provides evidence that a mean scaling exponent α threshold of 0.86 [2 standard error (0.76, 0.96)] is able to optimally discriminate temporal organization of stride interval between young and old, whereas 0.82 (0.72, 0.92) differentiates patients with PD and age-matched asymptomatic controls. The optimal thresholds presented in this review together with the consensus guidelines for using DFA might allow a more sensitive and reliable application of this metric for understanding human walking physiology than has been achieved to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak K Ravi
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vivien Marmelat
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | | | - Karl M Newell
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Nick Stergiou
- Department of Biomechanics and Center for Research in Human Movement Variability, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Navrag B Singh
- Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Rigoli LM, Lorenz T, Coey C, Kallen R, Jordan S, Richardson MJ. Co-actors Exhibit Similarity in Their Structure of Behavioural Variation That Remains Stable Across Range of Naturalistic Activities. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6308. [PMID: 32286413 PMCID: PMC7156677 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human behaviour, along with any natural/biological behaviour, has varying degrees of intrinsic 'noise' or variability. Many studies have shown that the structure or patterning of this variability is sensitive to changes in task and constraint. Furthermore, two or more humans interacting together often begin to exhibit similar structures of behavioural variability (i.e., the patterning of their behavioural fluctuations becomes aligned or matched) independent of any moment-to-moment synchronization (termed complexity matching). However, much of the previous work has focused on a subset of simple or contrived behaviours within the context of highly controlled laboratory tasks. In the current study, individuals and pairs performed five self-paced (unsupervised), semi-structured activities around a university campus. Empatica E4 wristbands and iPhones were used to record the participants' behavioural activity via accelerometers and GPS. The results revealed that the structure of variability in naturalistic human behaviour co-varies with the task-goal constraints, and that the patterning of the behavioural fluctuations exhibited by co-acting individuals does become aligned during the performance of everyday activities. The results also revealed that the degree of complexity matching that occurred between pairs remained invariant across activity type, indicating that this measure could be employed as a robust, task-independent index of interpersonal behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian M Rigoli
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Tamara Lorenz
- Center for Cognition, Action & Perception, Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Charles Coey
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel Kallen
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Jordan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Richardson
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. .,Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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11
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Treadmill walking alters stride time dynamics in Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 2020; 77:195-200. [PMID: 32058283 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treadmill training may be used to improve gait rhythmicity in people with Parkinson's disease. Treadmills, however, alter dynamical stride time fluctuations in healthy adults in a manner that mimics pathologic states, indicating the stride-to-stride fluctuations that characterize healthy gait are constrained. It is unclear if treadmills similarly alter dynamic gait properties in Parkinson's disease. RESEARCH QUESTION Do stride time fractal dynamics in individuals with Parkinson's disease differ between treadmill and overground walking? METHODS Fifteen participants with Parkinson's disease and 15 healthy age-similar adults walked for 6 min in a conventional overground condition and on a treadmill while wearing inertial measurement units. Gait speed, stride times and stride time variability were measured. Fractal exponents (α) were computed with adaptive fractal analysis. Inferential statistics were analyzed with mixed model analyses of variance and post hoc simple effects tests. RESULTS Mean gait speeds decreased and stride times increased on the treadmill but did not differ between the Parkinson's and control groups. Stride time variability was greater in the Parkinson's than control group in both conditions. Most relevant to our research question, stride time fractal exponents were greater on the treadmill (mean α = .910) than overground (mean α = .797) in individuals with Parkinson's disease, but not in healthy controls. SIGNIFICANCE The fractal scaling exponent α emanating from stride time fluctuations during treadmill walking increased toward a 1/f signal of α = 1.0 that has been interpreted as an optimal structural variability for gait. The clinical implication is that treadmill training may promote more efficient walking dynamics in people with Parkinson's disease than conventional overground training.
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Godi M, Giardini M, Schieppati M. Walking Along Curved Trajectories. Changes With Age and Parkinson's Disease. Hints to Rehabilitation. Front Neurol 2019; 10:532. [PMID: 31178816 PMCID: PMC6543918 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we briefly recall the fundamental processes allowing us to change locomotion trajectory and keep walking along a curved path and provide a review of contemporary literature on turning in older adults and people with Parkinson's Disease (PD). The first part briefly summarizes the way the body exploits the physical laws to produce a curved walking trajectory. Then, the changes in muscle and brain activation underpinning this task, and the promoting role of proprioception, are briefly considered. Another section is devoted to the gait changes occurring in curved walking and steering with aging. Further, freezing during turning and rehabilitation of curved walking in patients with PD is mentioned in the last part. Obviously, as the research on body steering while walking or turning has boomed in the last 10 years, the relevant critical issues have been tackled and ways to improve this locomotor task proposed. Rationale and evidences for successful training procedures are available, to potentially reduce the risk of falling in both older adults and patients with PD. A better understanding of the pathophysiology of steering, of the subtle but vital interaction between posture, balance, and progression along non-linear trajectories, and of the residual motor learning capacities in these cohorts may provide solid bases for new rehabilitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Godi
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marica Giardini
- Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ICS Maugeri SPA SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Schieppati
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, LUNEX University, Differdange, Luxembourg
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Decadal Oscillation in the Predictability of Palmer Drought Severity Index in California. CLIMATE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cli7010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severity of drought in California (U.S.) varies from year-to-year and is highly influenced by precipitation in winter months, causing billion-dollar events in single drought years. Improved understanding of the variability of drought on decadal and longer timescales is essential to support regional water resources planning and management. This paper presents a soft-computing approach to forecast the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) in California. A time-series of yearly data covering more than two centuries (1801–2014) was used for the design of ensemble projections to understand and quantify the uncertainty associated with interannual-to-interdecadal predictability. With a predictable structure elaborated by exponential smoothing, the projections indicate for the horizon 2015–2054 a weak increase of drought, followed by almost the same pace as in previous decades, presenting remarkable wavelike variations with durations of more than one year. Results were compared with a linear transfer function model approach where Pacific Decadal Oscillation and El Niño Southern Oscillation indices were both used as input time series. The forecasted pattern shows that variations attributed to such internal climate modes may not provide more reliable predictions than the one provided by purely internal variability of drought persistence cycles, as present in the PDSI time series.
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Bella SD, Dotov D, Bardy B, de Cock VC. Individualization of music-based rhythmic auditory cueing in Parkinson's disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2018; 1423:308-317. [PMID: 29863778 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gait dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease can be partly relieved by rhythmic auditory cueing. This consists in asking patients to walk with a rhythmic auditory stimulus such as a metronome or music. The effect on gait is visible immediately in terms of increased speed and stride length. Moreover, training programs based on rhythmic cueing can have long-term benefits. The effect of rhythmic cueing, however, varies from one patient to the other. Patients' response to the stimulation may depend on rhythmic abilities, often deteriorating with the disease. Relatively spared abilities to track the beat favor a positive response to rhythmic cueing. On the other hand, most patients with poor rhythmic abilities either do not respond to the cues or experience gait worsening when walking with cues. An individualized approach to rhythmic auditory cueing with music is proposed to cope with this variability in patients' response. This approach calls for using assistive mobile technologies capable of delivering cues that adapt in real time to patients' gait kinematics, thus affording step synchronization to the beat. Individualized rhythmic cueing can provide a safe and cost-effective alternative to standard cueing that patients may want to use in their everyday lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dalla Bella
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, WSFIZ, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dobromir Dotov
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- LIVELab, Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Benoît Bardy
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, WSFIZ, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Valérie Cochen de Cock
- EuroMov, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
- Department of Neurology, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France
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Rhythmic abilities and musical training in Parkinson's disease: do they help? NPJ PARKINSONS DISEASE 2018; 4:8. [PMID: 29582000 PMCID: PMC5865140 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-018-0043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Rhythmic auditory cues can immediately improve gait in Parkinson’s disease. However, this effect varies considerably across patients. The factors associated with this individual variability are not known to date. Patients’ rhythmic abilities and musicality (e.g., perceptual and singing abilities, emotional response to music, and musical training) may foster a positive response to rhythmic cues. To examine this hypothesis, we measured gait at baseline and with rhythmic cues in 39 non-demented patients with Parkinson’s disease and 39 matched healthy controls. Cognition, rhythmic abilities and general musicality were assessed. A response to cueing was qualified as positive when the stimulation led to a clinically meaningful increase in gait speed. We observed that patients with positive response to cueing (n = 17) were more musically trained, aligned more often their steps to the rhythmic cues while walking, and showed better music perception as well as poorer cognitive flexibility than patients with non-positive response (n = 22). Gait performance with rhythmic cues worsened in six patients. We concluded that rhythmic and musical skills, which can be modulated by musical training, may increase beneficial effects of rhythmic auditory cueing in Parkinson’s disease. Screening patients in terms of musical/rhythmic abilities and musical training may allow teasing apart patients who are likely to benefit from cueing from those who may worsen their performance due to the stimulation. Listening to rhythmic auditory cues improves the ability to walk in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that music can help patients with neurological disorders synchronize their movements to a beat. An international study led by Valérie Cochen De Cock at Clinique Beau Soleil in Montpellier (France) and Simone Dalla Bella at the International Laboratory For Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS) in Montreal (Canada), measured gait speed in 39 patients with PD without dementia in response to rhythmic stimulation. Twenty-two patients increased their gait speed by spontaneously synchronizing their steps to the beat. The remaining 17 patients showed no effect or significant worsening of gait performance (e.g., smaller step length). The patients who benefited the most from rhythmic cues exhibited better rhythmic skills and were more musical than the others. Assessing musical abilities may serve to identify patients who are likely to benefit from this music-based intervention and may foster individualization of the treatment.
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Roy C, Lagarde J, Dotov D, Dalla Bella S. Walking to a multisensory beat. Brain Cogn 2017; 113:172-183. [PMID: 28257971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Living in a complex and multisensory environment demands constant interaction between perception and action. In everyday life it is common to combine efficiently simultaneous signals coming from different modalities. There is evidence of a multisensory benefit in a variety of laboratory tasks (temporal judgement, reaction time tasks). It is less clear if this effect extends to ecological tasks, such as walking. Furthermore, benefits of multimodal stimulation are linked to temporal properties such as the temporal window of integration and temporal recalibration. These properties have been examined in tasks involving single, non-repeating stimulus presentations. Here we investigate the same temporal properties in the context of a rhythmic task, namely audio-tactile stimulation during walking. The effect of audio-tactile rhythmic cues on gait variability and the ability to synchronize to the cues was studied in young adults. Participants walked with rhythmic cues presented at different stimulus-onset asynchronies. We observed a multisensory benefit by comparing audio-tactile to unimodal stimulation. Moreover, both the temporal window of integration and temporal recalibration mediated the response to multimodal stimulation. In sum, rhythmic behaviours obey the same principles as temporal discrimination and detection behaviours and thus can also benefit from multimodal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Roy
- EuroMov Laboratory, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Julien Lagarde
- EuroMov Laboratory, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Dobromir Dotov
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Mexico
| | - Simone Dalla Bella
- EuroMov Laboratory, Montpellier University, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France; International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada; Department of Cognitive Psychology, WSFiZ, Warsaw, Poland
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Dotov DG, Bayard S, Cochen de Cock V, Geny C, Driss V, Garrigue G, Bardy B, Dalla Bella S. Biologically-variable rhythmic auditory cues are superior to isochronous cues in fostering natural gait variability in Parkinson's disease. Gait Posture 2017; 51:64-69. [PMID: 27710836 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 09/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rhythmic auditory cueing improves certain gait symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Cues are typically stimuli or beats with a fixed inter-beat interval. We show that isochronous cueing has an unwanted side-effect in that it exacerbates one of the motor symptoms characteristic of advanced PD. Whereas the parameters of the stride cycle of healthy walkers and early patients possess a persistent correlation in time, or long-range correlation (LRC), isochronous cueing renders stride-to-stride variability random. Random stride cycle variability is also associated with reduced gait stability and lack of flexibility. METHOD To investigate how to prevent patients from acquiring a random stride cycle pattern, we tested rhythmic cueing which mimics the properties of variability found in healthy gait (biological variability). PD patients (n=19) and age-matched healthy participants (n=19) walked with three rhythmic cueing stimuli: isochronous, with random variability, and with biological variability (LRC). Synchronization was not instructed. RESULTS The persistent correlation in gait was preserved only with stimuli with biological variability, equally for patients and controls (p's<0.05). In contrast, cueing with isochronous or randomly varying inter-stimulus/beat intervals removed the LRC in the stride cycle. Notably, the individual's tendency to synchronize steps with beats determined the amount of negative effects of isochronous and random cues (p's<0.05) but not the positive effect of biological variability. CONCLUSION Stimulus variability and patients' propensity to synchronize play a critical role in fostering healthier gait dynamics during cueing. The beneficial effects of biological variability provide useful guidelines for improving existing cueing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Dotov
- EuroMov, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - S Bayard
- EuroMov, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHRU, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - V Cochen de Cock
- CHRU, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France; Clinique Beau Soleil, Montpellier, France
| | - C Geny
- EuroMov, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; CHRU, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | - V Driss
- CHRU, Hôpital Gui-de-Chauliac, Montpellier, France
| | | | - B Bardy
- EuroMov, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - S Dalla Bella
- EuroMov, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France; International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada; Department of Cognitive Psychology, WSFiZ, Warsaw, Poland
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