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Balachandran C, Haribabu J, Jeyalakshmi K, Bhuvanesh NSP, Karvembu R, Emi N, Awale S. Nickel(II) bis(isatin thiosemicarbazone) complexes induced apoptosis through mitochondrial signaling pathway and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in IM-9 cells. J Inorg Biochem 2018; 182:208-221. [PMID: 29510336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three novel complexes (1, 3 and 4) ligating N-substituted isatin thiosemicarbazone derivatives have been synthesized and their structural and biological characteristics have been compared with those of the known analogs (2, 5-7 and 8). In addition, the structure of the representative ligands (L1, L3 and L4) and complex (4) was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction method. All the complexes (1-8) were assessed for their cytotoxic property against a panel of four human cancer cells such as HepG-2 (liver), MOLM-14 (acute monocytic leukemia), U937 (histiocytic lymphoma). and IM-9 (myeloma). Complex 4 exhibited prominent cytotoxic property against MOLM-14, U937 and IM-9 cell lines. Moreover, the results were compared with the well-known anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, cisplatin and daunorubicin. Besides, complex 4 enhanced the apoptotic cell death in IM-9 cell line and induced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase. Western blot analysis revealed the down-regulation of Bcl-2 (b-cell lymphoma-2), up-regulation of Bax (bcl-2 associated X protein), release of cytochrome c and activation of caspases-3 in IM-9 cells by complex 4. Importantly, complex 4 was not toxic to the normal Vero cell line (IC50 > 300 μM). In addition, complex 4 showed the concentration dependent cleavage of supercoiled (SC) DNA to its nicked circular (NC) form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan; Division of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Jebiti Haribabu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | | | | | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
| | - Nobuhiko Emi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Fujita Health University, 1-98, Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Suresh Awale
- Division of Natural Drug Discovery, Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Subastri A, Suyavaran A, Preedia Babu E, Nithyananthan S, Barathidasan R, Thirunavukkarasu C. Troxerutin with copper generates oxidative stress in cancer cells: Its possible chemotherapeutic mechanism against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2017. [PMID: 28628229 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Troxerutin (TXER) a rutin derivative is known for its anticancer effect against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As part of large study, recently we have shown TXER interact with genetic material and its anti-mutagenic property. In the present study we have explored its possible mode of action in HCC. Since TXER alone did not show significant anticancer effect on Huh-7 cells, in vitro biochemical assays were performed for determining anticancer efficacy of TXER + metal complex using transition metals such as Cu, Zn, and Fe. The anticancer efficacy of TXER + Cu on Huh-7 cells were evaluated using MTT assay, DCFDA, JC-1 staining, comet assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemistry, and Western blotting. Non-toxic nature of TXER was analyzed on primary rat hepatocytes. The in vivo efficacy of TXER was tested in N-nitrosodiethylamine initiated and γ-benzene hexachloride and partial hepatectomy promoted rat liver cancer. Liver markers, transition metal levels, histopathological examination, and expression levels of GST-P, 8-OHdG and Ki-67 were studied to assess the in vivo anticancer effect of TXER. We observed that TXER + Cu induced extensive cellular death on Huh-7 cells through generating free radicals and did not possess any toxic effect on normal hepatocytes. The in vivo studies revealed that TXER possess significant anti-cancer effect as assessed through improved liver markers and suppressed GST-P, 8-OHdG, and Ki-67 expression. TXER treatment reduced the hepatic Cu level in cancer bearing animals. Current study brings the putative mechanism involved in anti-cancer effect of TXER, further it will help to formulate phytoconstituents coupled anti-cancer drug for effective treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariraman Subastri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Arumugam Suyavaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | | | - Rajamani Barathidasan
- Centre for Animal Research, Training and Services, CIDRF-DBT, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth University, Puducherry, India
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Etti IC, Rasedee A, Hashim NM, Abdul AB, Kadir A, Yeap SK, Waziri P, Malami I, Lim KL, Etti CJ. Artonin E induces p53-independent G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway and livin suppression in MCF-7 cells. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:865-879. [PMID: 28356713 PMCID: PMC5367776 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s124324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artonin E is a prenylated flavonoid compound isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus elasticus. This phytochemical has been previously reported to be drug-like with full compliance to Lipinski's rule of five and good physicochemical properties when compared with 95% of orally available drugs. It has also been shown to possess unique medicinal properties that can be utilized in view of alleviating most human disease conditions. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic mechanism of Artonin E in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, which has so far not been reported. In this context, Artonin E significantly suppressed the breast cancer cell's viability while inducing apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. This apoptosis induction was caspase dependent, and it is mediated mainly through the intrinsic pathway with the elevation of total reactive oxygen species. Gene and protein expression studies revealed significant upregulation of cytochrome c, Bax, caspases 7 and 9, and p21 in Artonin E-treated MCF-7 cells, while MAPK and cyclin D were downregulated. Livin, a member of the inhibitors of apoptosis, whose upregulation has been noted to precede chemotherapeutic resistance and apoptosis evasion was remarkably repressed. In all, Artonin E stood high as a potential agent in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaobong Christopher Etti
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
| | - Abdullah Rasedee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Najihah Mohd Hashim
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Bustamam Abdul
- MAKNA-Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Arifah Kadir
- Department of Veterinary Preclinical Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Swee Keong Yeap
- Laboratory of Vaccine and Immunotherapeutics, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Peter Waziri
- MAKNA-Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- MAKNA-Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kian Lam Lim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Cheras, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Christopher J Etti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Nigeria
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Balachandran C, Rao KC, Arun Y, Emi N, Yamamoto N, Inaguma Y, Okamoto A, Easwaramoorthi K, Perumal PT. Synthetic investigation on chirally pure Mannich derivatives of pseudophenylpropanolamine and their anticancer properties against HepG-2 cells with inhibition of JAK2/STAT3. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22480f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of compound 3a was proved as a novel blocker of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway and exerts both anti-proliferative and apoptotic activities in HepG-2 cells with xenograft mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Balachandran
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
- Fujita Health University
- Toyoake
- Japan
| | - K. Chennakesava Rao
- Research & Development Centre
- Malladi Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Chennai-600 124
- India
- Organic & Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
| | - Y. Arun
- Organic & Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai 600 020
- India
| | - N. Emi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
- Fujita Health University
- Toyoake
- Japan
| | - N. Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology
- Institute of Joint Research
- Fujita Health University
- Toyoake
- Japan
| | - Y. Inaguma
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
- Fujita Health University
- Toyoake
- Japan
| | - A. Okamoto
- Department of Hematology and Oncology
- Fujita Health University
- Toyoake
- Japan
| | - K. Easwaramoorthi
- Research & Development Centre
- Malladi Drugs & Pharmaceuticals Ltd
- Chennai-600 124
- India
| | - P. T. Perumal
- Organic & Bio-Organic Chemistry Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute
- Chennai 600 020
- India
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