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Gao Y, Fan L, Zhou R, Du X, Jiao Z, Zhang B. High-Performance Silicon-Rich Microparticle Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries Enabled by Internal Stress Mitigation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:222. [PMID: 37812292 PMCID: PMC10562352 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Si is a promising anode material for Li ion batteries because of its high specific capacity, abundant reserve, and low cost. However, its rate performance and cycling stability are poor due to the severe particle pulverization during the lithiation/delithiation process. The high stress induced by the Li concentration gradient and anisotropic deformation is the main reason for the fracture of Si particles. Here we present a new stress mitigation strategy by uniformly distributing small amounts of Sn and Sb in Si micron-sized particles, which reduces the Li concentration gradient and realizes an isotropic lithiation/delithiation process. The Si8.5Sn0.5Sb microparticles (mean particle size: 8.22 μm) show over 6000-fold and tenfold improvements in electronic conductivity and Li diffusivity than Si particles, respectively. The discharge capacities of the Si8.5Sn0.5Sb microparticle anode after 100 cycles at 1.0 and 3.0 A g-1 are 1.62 and 1.19 Ah g-1, respectively, corresponding to a retention rate of 94.2% and 99.6%, respectively, relative to the capacity of the first cycle after activation. Multicomponent microparticle anodes containing Si, Sn, Sb, Ge and Ag prepared using the same method yields an ultra-low capacity decay rate of 0.02% per cycle for 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1, corroborating the proposed mechanism. The stress regulation mechanism enabled by the industry-compatible fabrication methods opens up enormous opportunities for low-cost and high-energy-density Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiong Du
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengbao Jiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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Gandharapu P, Das A, Tripathi R, Srihari V, Poswal HK, Mukhopadhyay A. Facile and Scalable Development of High-Performance Carbon-Free Tin-Based Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37504-37516. [PMID: 37506223 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Tin (Sn)-based anodes for sodium (Na)-ion batteries possess higher Na-storage capacity and better safety aspects compared to hard carbon -based anodes but suffer from poor cyclic stability due to volume expansion/contraction and concomitant loss in mechanical integrity during sodiation/desodiation. To address this, the usage of nanoscaled electrode-active particles and nanoscaled-carbon-based buffers has been explored, but with compromises with the tap density, accrued irreversible surface reactions, overall capacity (for "inactive" carbon), and adoption of non-scalable/complex preparation routes. Against this backdrop, anode-active "layered" bismuth (Bi) has been incorporated with Sn via a facile-cum-scalable mechanical-milling approach, leading to individual electrode-active particles being composed of well-dispersed Sn and Bi phases. The optimized carbon-free Sn-Bi compositions, benefiting from the combined effects of "buffering" action and faster Na transport of Bi, to go with the greater Na-storage capacity and lower operating potential of Sn, exhibit excellent cyclic stability (viz., ∼83-92% capacity retention after 200 cycles at 1C) and rate capability (viz., no capacity drop from C/5 to 2C, with only ∼25% drop at 5C), despite having fairly coarse particles (∼5-10 μm). As proven by operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction and stress measurements, the sequential sodiation/desodiation of the components and, concomitantly, stress build-ups at different potentials provide "buffering" action even for such "active-active" Sn-Bi compositions. Furthermore, the overall stress development upon sodiation of Bi has been found to be significantly lower than that of Sn (by a factor of ∼3.8), which renders Bi promising as a "buffer" material, in general. Dissemination of such complex interplay between electrode-active components during electrochemical cycling also paves the way for the development of high-performance, safe, and scalable "alloying-reaction"-based anode materials for Na-ion batteries and beyond, sans the need for ultrafine/nanoscaled electrode particles or "inactive" nanoscaled-carbon-based "buffer" materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranay Gandharapu
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rashmi Tripathi
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
- Semiconductor Thin Films and Plasma Processing Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Velaga Srihari
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Himanshu K Poswal
- High Pressure and Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Amartya Mukhopadhyay
- Advanced Batteries and Ceramics Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical Engineering and Materials Science, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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Ying H, Yang T, Huang P, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Zhang Z, Han WQ. Facile Synthesis of Hybrid Anodes with Enhanced Lithium-Storage Performance Realized by a "Synergistic Effect". ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35769-35779. [PMID: 35905442 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Alloying-type anodes including Si- and Sn-based materials are considered the most exploitable anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries. However, problems of poor kinetics properties and structural failures such as grain pulverization and coarsening hinder their large-scale application. Herein, SnO2/Si@graphite hybrid anodes, with nano-SnO2 and nano-Si thoroughly mixed with each other and loaded onto graphite flakes, have been prepared by a facile ball milling method. Attributed to the "synergistic effect" between SnO2 and Si, the mechanical stability and kinetics properties can be remarkably enhanced. Furthermore, graphite substrate supplies a fast electrically conductive path and buffers the volume expansion of active particles. Accordingly, SnO2/Si@graphite delivers 798.9 mAh g-1 at 200 mA g-1 and maintains 550.8 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 1 A g-1 in half cells. Impressively, a high energy density of 431.4 Wh kg-1 (based on the mass of anode and cathode) can be obtained in full cells when paired with the NCM622 cathode. This work presents an effective strategy to exploit high-performance alloying-type anodes for LIBs by designing hybrid materials with multiple active components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shunlong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhihao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Strategies for Controlling or Releasing the Influence Due to the Volume Expansion of Silicon inside Si-C Composite Anode for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124264. [PMID: 35744323 PMCID: PMC9228666 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently, silicon is considered among the foremost promising anode materials, due to its high capacity, abundant reserves, environmental friendliness, and low working potential. However, the huge volume changes in silicon anode materials can pulverize the material particles and result in the shedding of active materials and the continual rupturing of the solid electrolyte interface film, leading to a short cycle life and rapid capacity decay. Therefore, the practical application of silicon anode materials is hindered. However, carbon recombination may remedy this defect. In silicon/carbon composite anode materials, silicon provides ultra-high capacity, and carbon is used as a buffer, to relieve the volume expansion of silicon; thus, increasing the use of silicon-based anode materials. To ensure the future utilization of silicon as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, this review considers the dampening effect on the volume expansion of silicon particles by the formation of carbon layers, cavities, and chemical bonds. Silicon-carbon composites are classified herein as coated core-shell structure, hollow core-shell structure, porous structure, and embedded structure. The above structures can adequately accommodate the Si volume expansion, buffer the mechanical stress, and ameliorate the interface/surface stability, with the potential for performance enhancement. Finally, a perspective on future studies on Si-C anodes is suggested. In the future, the rational design of high-capacity Si-C anodes for better lithium-ion batteries will narrow the gap between theoretical research and practical applications.
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In-situ mechanochemical synthesis of sub-micro Si/Sn@SiOx-C composite as high-rate anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Yang HS, Lee BS, Yu WR. Simple design of a Si–Sn–C ternary composite anode for Li-ion batteries. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2021.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Xie S, Ji Q, Xia Y, Fang K, Wang X, Zuo X, Cheng Y. Mutual Performance Enhancement within Dual N‐doped TiO
2
/Si/C Nanohybrid Lithium‐Ion Battery Anode. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Qing Ji
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
- The University of Nottingham Ningbo China 199 Taikang East Road Ningbo 315100 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Yonggao Xia
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Kai Fang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Xiuxia Zuo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Jun Cheng
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences 1219 Zhongguan West Rd Ningbo 315201 Zhejiang Province P. R. China
- Department of Materials University of Oxford Parks Rd OX1 3PH Oxford UK
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Saverina EA, Kapaev RR, Stishenko PV, Galushko AS, Balycheva VA, Ananikov VP, Egorov MP, Jouikov VV, Troshin PA, Syroeshkin MA. 2-Carboxyethylgermanium Sesquioxide as A Promising Anode Material for Li-Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:3137-3146. [PMID: 32329561 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various forms of germanium and germanium-containing compounds and materials are actively investigated as energy-intensive alternatives to graphite as the anode of lithium-ion batteries. The most accessible form-germanium dioxide-has the structure of a 3D polymer, which accounts for its rapid destruction during cycling, and requires the development of further approaches to the production of nanomaterials and various composites based on it. For the first time, we propose here the strategy of using 2-carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide ([O1.5 GeCH2 CH2 CO2 H]n , 2-CEGS), in lieu of GeO2 , as a promising, energy-intensive, and stable new source system for building lithium-ion anodes. Due to the presence of the organic substituent, the formed polymer has a 1D or a 2D space organization, which facilitates the reversible penetration of lithium into its structure. 2-CEGS is common and commercially available, completely safe and non-toxic, insoluble in organic solvents (which is important for battery use) but soluble in water (which is convenient for manufacturing diverse materials from it). This paper reports the preparation of micro- (flower-shaped agglomerates of ≈1 μm thick plates) and nanoformed (needle-shaped nanoparticles of ≈500×(50-80) nm) 2-CEGS using methods commonly available in laboratories and industry such as vacuum and freeze-drying of aqueous solutions of 2-CEGS. Lithium half-cell anodes based on 2-CEGS show a capacity of ≈400 mAh g-1 for microforms and up to ≈700 mAh g-1 for nanoforms, which is almost two times higher than the maximal theoretical capacity of graphite. These anodes are stable during the cycling at various rates. The results of DFT simulations suggest that Li atoms form the stable Li2 O with the oxygen atoms of 2-CEGS, and actual charge-discharge cycles involve deoxygenated GeC3 H5 molecules. Thus, C3 chains loosen the anode structure compared to pure Ge, improving its ability to accommodate Li ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya A Saverina
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Roman R Kapaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, st. Nobel, 3, 121205, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Pavel V Stishenko
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Omsk State Technical University, Mira prosp. 11, 644050, Omsk, Russia
| | - Alexey S Galushko
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoriya A Balycheva
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
- Dmitry Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya sq., 9, 125047, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail P Egorov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viatcheslav V Jouikov
- CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes), University of Rennes, UMR 6226, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pavel A Troshin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, st. Nobel, 3, 121205, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Academician Semenov avenue 1, 142432, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Syroeshkin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky prosp. 47, 119991, Moscow, Russia
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9
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Zhang Y, Hu K, Ren J, Wu Y, Yu N, Feng A, Huang Z, Jia Z, Wu G. A sandwich-like Si/SiC/nanographite sheet as a high performance anode for lithium-ion batteries. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:17683-17690. [PMID: 31764933 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt04228h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Silicon/carbon (Si/C) nanocomposite anodes have attracted great interest for their use in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, Si nanoparticles are difficult to stabilize on a carbon surface. Herein, we solve this stabilization problem by designing a Si/silicon carbide/nanographite sheet (Si/SiC/NanoG) nanocomposite. The Si/SiC/NanoG nanocomposite is synthesized by the magnesium thermal reduction of a mixture of silica (SiO2) nanoparticles and NanoG at low temperature, which results in a sandwich-like structure in which the middle SiC layer serves as a linker to stabilize the Si nanoparticles on the surface of NanoGs. Electrochemical characterization shows that the Si/SiC/NanoG nanocomposite anode exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance (an initial reversible capacity of 1135.4 mA h g-1 and 80.4% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 100 mA g-1). This high capacity retention is due to the strong connection between Si and NanoG through the interfacial SiC layer, which buffers the volume changes during the Li-Si alloying-dealloying process. This research will contribute to the design of advanced Si/C anode materials of LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- School of Energy Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang A, Fang Z, Tang Y, Zhou Y, Wu P, Yu G. Inorganic Gel-Derived Metallic Frameworks Enabling High-Performance Silicon Anodes. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:6292-6298. [PMID: 31424946 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metallic matrix materials have emerged as an ideal platform to hybridize with next-generation electrode materials such as silicon for practical applications in Li-ion batteries. However, these metallic species commonly exist in the form of isolated particles, failing to provide enough free space for silicon volume changes as well as continuous charge transport pathways. Herein, three-dimensional (3D) metallic frameworks with interconnected pore channels and conductive skeletons, have been synthesized from inorganic gel precursors as buffering/conducting matrices to boost lithium storage performance of silicon anodes. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, commercial Si particles are in situ immobilized within the Sn-Ni alloy framework via a facile gel-reduction route, and the rearrangement of Si particles during cycling increases the dispersity of Si in the Sn-Ni framework as well as their synergic effects toward lithium storage. The Si@Sn-Ni all-metallic framework manifests high structural integrity, 3D Li+/e- mixed conduction pathway, and synergic effects of interfacial bonding and concurrent reaction dynamics between active Si and Sn, enabling long-term cycle life (1205 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g-1) and superior rate capability (653 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Zhiwei Fang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
| | - Yawen Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Yiming Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Ping Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Power Batteries, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science , Nanjing Normal University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Guihua Yu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Texas at Austin , Austin , Texas 78712 , United States
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Hierarchical macroporous Si/Sn composite: Easy preparation and optimized performances towards lithium storage. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.03.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Ye J, Chen Z, Hao Q, Xu C, Hou J. One-step mild fabrication of porous core-shelled Si@TiO 2 nanocomposite as high performance anode for Li-ion batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 536:171-179. [PMID: 30366182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous Si@TiO2 composites with the unique core-shell architecture are conveniently fabricated through one-step selective dealloying of SiTiAl ternary alloy under mild conditions. The as-prepared composites consist of bimodal Si network skeleton as the core and interconnected TiO2 nanosponge layer as the shell uniformly distribute on the Si surface to form the porous core-shelled structure. The nanoporous TiO2 as the outer protective layer not only reduce the violent volume change of electrode materials for stable cycling performance but also shorten the diffusion distance of Li+ for high rate capacities. The inner bimodal porous Si possesses an open bicontinuous network structure that can provide the enough empty space and robust backbone to relax the volume variation of composite and guarantee the sufficient electrode-electrolyte contact area. As a result, the optimized nanoporous Si@TiO2 composite delivers the reversible capacity of 1338.1 and 1174.4 mA h g-1 at the current densities of 200 and 1000 mA g-1 after continuous tests for 120 and 100 cycles, respectively. With the advantages of easy preparation, unique architecture, and high lithium storage performances, the porous core-shelled Si@TiO2 composites demonstrate the promising application potential as an anode material for LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Ye
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zizhong Chen
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China
| | - Qin Hao
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China
| | - Caixia Xu
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jiagang Hou
- Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, Shandong Province, China.
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Yao K, Ling M, Liu G, Tong W. Chemical Reduction Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Si-Sn Nanocomposites as High-Capacity Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:5130-5134. [PMID: 30130390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Pure Sn and Si-Sn phases are successfully synthesized by a facile and scalable chemical reduction method. The as-produced Si-Sn nanocomposites exhibit excellent cycling stability, as evidenced by a reversible capacity of 700 mAh/g over 200 cycles, due to the exceptional conductivity and ductility of Sn as well as its buffering effect. More specifically, homogeneous mixing between Si and Sn during the liquid phase reaction helps reduce the maximal stress evolved upon electrochemical cycling by confining the expansion of the electrochemically active metal component. Additionally, the chemical reduction method produces small and uniform particles in the final product that are more favorable to Li+ diffusion and tolerant of mechanical stress and strain. Our work demonstrates that the chemical reduction method, free of ultrahigh vacuum and/or temperature, presents a new approach for the development of intermetallic metal anodes through the incorporation of various metal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yao
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Min Ling
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , China
| | - Gao Liu
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Wei Tong
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Simple synthesis of Si/Sn@C-G anodes with enhanced electrochemical properties for Li-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2017.10.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Nikolaevskaya EN, Saverina EA, Starikova AA, Farhati A, Kiskin MA, Syroeshkin MA, Egorov MP, Jouikov VV. Halogen-free GeO2 conversion: electrochemical reduction vs. complexation in (DTBC)2Ge[Py(CN)n] (n = 0…2) complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:17127-17133. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03397h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
3,5-di-tert-Butylcatecholate (DTBC) germanium complexes (DTBC)2Ge[Py(CN)n]2 (n = 0…2) have been synthesized from GeO2, DTBC and Py(CN)n.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Evgeniya A. Saverina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry RAS
- Moscow
- Russia
- UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR
- University of Rennes 1
| | - Alyona A. Starikova
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry at Southern Federal University
- Rostov on Don
- Russia
| | - Amel Farhati
- UMR CNRS 6226 ISCR
- University of Rennes 1
- Rennes
- France
| | - Mikhail A. Kiskin
- N.S. Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS
- Moscow
- Russia
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