1
|
Zhong C, Zong X, Hua B, Sun J. Anti-inflammatory effect of a novel piperazino-enaminone delivered by liposomes in a mouse model of hemophilic arthropathy. Int J Pharm 2024; 659:124291. [PMID: 38821434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) is a condition caused by recurrent intra-articular bleeding in patients with hemophilia. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of HA. Our previous research demonstrated that a novel compound, piperazino-enaminone (JODI), effectively inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, in a mouse model of hemarthrosis. This study aims to enhance the anti-inflammatory effect of JODI by employing nanoparticle delivery systems, which could potentially improve its poor water solubility. Here, we developed liposomes modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) for the delivery of JODI (JODI-LIP), and found that JODI-LIP exhibited uniform size, morphology, good stability and in vitro release degree. JODI-LIP mitigated cytotoxicity of JODI, and significantly suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) release in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), as well as the proliferation of human fibroblast-like synovial (HFLS) cells. In a murine model of HA, JODI-LIP demonstrated superior efficacy in ameliorating joint swelling and synovitis, compared to JODI. Importantly, JODI-LIP markedly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-33, and MCP-1) in injured joints. No hepatic or hematological toxicity was observed in mice treated with JODI-LIP. In summary, our results suggest that JODI-LIP holds promise as a therapeutic intervention for HA by attenuating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhong
- Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao, People's Republic of China; School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Zong
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolai Hua
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junjiang Sun
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Enhancing HIV-1 Neutralization by Increasing the Local Concentration of Membrane-Proximal External Region-Directed Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. J Virol 2023; 97:e0164722. [PMID: 36541800 PMCID: PMC9888200 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01647-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the gp41 component of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope (Env) are characterized by long, hydrophobic, heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3s (HCDR3s) that interact with the MPER and some viral membrane lipids to achieve increased local concentrations. Here, we show that increasing the local concentration of MPER-directed bNAbs at the cell surface via binding to the high-affinity Fc receptor FcγRI potentiates their ability to prevent viral entry in a manner analogous to the previously reported observation wherein the lipid-binding activity of MPER bNAbs increases their concentration at the viral surface membrane. However, binding of MPER-directed bNAb 10E8 to FcγRI abolishes the neutralization synergy that is seen with the N-heptad repeat (NHR)-targeting antibody D5_AR and NHR-targeting small molecule enfuvirtide (T20), possibly due to decreased accessibility of the NHR in the FcγRI-10E8-MPER complex. Taken together, our results suggest that lipid-binding activity and FcγRI-mediated potentiation function in concert to improve the potency of MPER-directed bNAbs by increasing their local concentration near the site of viral fusion. Therefore, lipid binding may not be a strict requirement for potent neutralization by MPER-targeting bNAbs, as alternative methods can achieve similar increases in local concentrations while avoiding potential liabilities associated with immunologic host tolerance. IMPORTANCE The trimeric glycoprotein Env, the only viral protein expressed on the surface of HIV-1, is the target of broadly neutralizing antibodies and the focus of most vaccine development efforts. Broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the membrane proximal external region (MPER) of Env show lipid-binding characteristics, and modulating this interaction affects neutralization. In this study, we tested the neutralization potencies of variants of the MPER-targeting antibody 10E8 with different viral-membrane-binding and host FcγRI-binding capabilities. Our results suggest that binding to both lipid and FcγRI improves the neutralization potency of MPER-directed antibodies by concentrating the antibodies at sites of viral fusion. As such, lipid binding may not be uniquely required for MPER-targeting broadly neutralizing antibodies, as alternative methods to increase local concentration can achieve similar improvements in potency.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu S, Bao H, Zhang MC, Liu H, Wang Y, Lin C, Zhao X, Liu SL. KAZN as a diagnostic marker in ovarian cancer: a comprehensive analysis based on microarray, mRNA-sequencing, and methylation data. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:662. [PMID: 35710397 PMCID: PMC9204993 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the deadliest malignancies in women and the lack of appropriate markers for early diagnosis leads to poor prognosis in most cases. Previous studies have shown that KAZN is involved in multiple biological processes during development, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, so defects or aberrant expression of KAZN might cause queer cell behaviors such as malignancy. Here we evaluated the KAZN expression and methylation levels for possible use as an early diagnosis marker for OC. Methods We used data from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) microarrays, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) to investigate the correlations between KAZN expression and clinical characteristics of OC by comparing methylation levels of normal and OC samples. The relationships among differentially methylated sites in the KAZN gene, corresponding KAZN mRNA expression levels and prognosis were analyzed. Results KAZN was up-regulated in ovarian epithelial tumors and the expression of KAZN was correlated with the patients’ survival time. KAZN CpG site cg17657618 was positively correlated with the expression of mRNA and the methylation levels were significantly differential between the group of stage “I and II” and the group of stage “III and IV”. This study also presents a new method to classify tumor and normal tissue in OC using DNA methylation pattern in the KAZN gene body region. Conclusions KAZN was involved in ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Our results demonstrate a new direction for ovarian cancer research and provide a potential diagnostic biomarker as well as a novel therapeutic target for clinical application. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09747-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songling Zhu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hongxia Bao
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Meng-Chun Zhang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Huidi Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Caiji Lin
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xingjuan Zhao
- Physical Examination Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- Genomics Research Center (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,HMU-UCCSM Centre for Infection and Genomics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China. .,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Samakchan N, Thinwang P, Boonyom R. Oral immunization of rat with chromosomal expression LipL32 in attenuated Salmonella vaccine induces immune respond against pathogenic Leptospira. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 2021; 10:217-228. [PMID: 34703804 PMCID: PMC8511595 DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2021.10.3.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Leptospirosis caused by Leptospira spp. remains a global health problem. Available commercial leptospiral vaccines have shown an ineffective prevention for leptospiral infection. The aim of this study was to develop leptospirosis vaccine using recombinant attenuated Salmonella vaccine (RASV) as a platform. We expected that this vaccine has ability to continuous and strongly stimulate immune systems including protective mucosal, humoral, and cell mediated immunity in rat model. Materials and Methods In this study, we engineered RASV, NRSL32 strain containing chromosomal fusion between nucleotides encoding secretion signal of SPI-2 effector protein, SspH2 and gene encoding major pathogenic leptospiral outer membrane lipoprotein, LipL32. Subsequently, our modified RASV was oral vaccination to rat and blood samples were taken for assessment of immune responses. Results Our Salmonella NRSL32 strain showed expression and secretion of SspH21-215-LipL32 recombinant protein via SPI-2 T3SS. After oral administration of NRSL32 strain to rats, significant titers of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A against rLipL32 were observed in long period up to 77 days after vaccination. The stimulated antibody showed ability to specific bind with LipL32 protein on surface of pathogenic Leptospira spp. Additionally, the balance level of IgG2a/IgG1 ratio and level of interferon-γ and interleukin-4 secretion were detected. Conclusion The results showed that our RASV platform with chromosomal expression elicited effective immune responses to leptospiral antigen. Moreover, this platform was capable for simultaneous stimulation of Th1 and Th2-biased responses. Further investigation is necessary study of protective efficacy against leptospiral infection in animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natthapon Samakchan
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Patipat Thinwang
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Rerngwit Boonyom
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arora D, Sharma C, Jaglan S, Lichtfouse E. Live-Attenuated Bacterial Vectors for Delivery of Mucosal Vaccines, DNA Vaccines, and Cancer Immunotherapy. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD 2019. [PMCID: PMC7123696 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-01881-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines save millions of lives each year from various life-threatening infectious diseases, and there are more than 20 vaccines currently licensed for human use worldwide. Moreover, in recent decades immunotherapy has become the mainstream therapy, which highlights the tremendous potential of immune response mediators, including vaccines for prevention and treatment of various forms of cancer. However, despite the tremendous advances in microbiology and immunology, there are several vaccine preventable diseases which still lack effective vaccines. Classically, weakened forms (attenuated) of pathogenic microbes were used as vaccines. Although the attenuated microbes induce effective immune response, a significant risk of reversion to pathogenic forms remains. While in the twenty-first century, with the advent of genetic engineering, microbes can be tailored with desired properties. In this review, I have focused on the use of genetically modified bacteria for the delivery of vaccine antigens. More specifically, the live-attenuated bacteria, derived from pathogenic bacteria, possess many features that make them highly suitable vectors for the delivery of vaccine antigens. Bacteria can theoretically express any heterologous gene or can deliver mammalian expression vectors harboring vaccine antigens (DNA vaccines). These properties of live-attenuated microbes are being harnessed to make vaccines against several infectious and noninfectious diseases. In this regard, I have described the desired features of live-attenuated bacterial vectors and the mechanisms of immune responses manifested by live-attenuated bacterial vectors. Interestingly anaerobic bacteria are naturally attracted to tumors, which make them suitable vehicles to deliver tumor-associated antigens thus I have discussed important studies investigating the role of bacterial vectors in immunotherapy. Finally, I have provided important discussion on novel approaches for improvement and tailoring of live-attenuated bacterial vectors for the generation of desired immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Arora
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Chetan Sharma
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science University, Ludhiana, Punjab India
| | - Sundeep Jaglan
- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, CSIR, Jammu, India
| | - Eric Lichtfouse
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix en Provence, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, He M, Bai S, Zhang F, Jiang J, Zheng Q, Gao S, Yan X, Li S, Gu Y, Xia N. T = 4 Icosahedral HIV-1 Capsid As an Immunogenic Vector for HIV-1 V3 Loop Epitope Display. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120667. [PMID: 30486318 PMCID: PMC6316451 DOI: 10.3390/v10120667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 mature capsid (CA) assumes an amorphous, fullerene conical configuration due to its high flexibility. How native CA self-assembles is still unclear despite having well-defined structures of its pentamer and hexamer building blocks. Here we explored the self-assembly of an engineered capsid protein built through artificial disulfide bonding (CA N21C/A22C) and determined the structure of one fraction of the globular particles. CA N21C/A22C was found to self-assemble into particles in relatively high ionic solutions. These particles contained disulfide-bonding hexamers as determined via non-reducing SDS-PAGE, and exhibited two major components of 57.3 S and 80.5 S in the sedimentation velocity assay. Particles had a globular morphology, approximately 40 nm in diameter, in negative-staining TEM. Through cryo-EM 3-D reconstruction, we determined a novel T = 4 icosahedral structure of CA, comprising 12 pentamers and 30 hexamers at 25 Å resolution. We engineered the HIV-1 V3 loop to the CA particles, and found the resultant particles resembled the morphology of their parental particles in TEM, had a positive reaction with V3-specific neutralizing antibodies, and conferred neutralization immunogenicity in mice. Our results shed light on HIV CA assembly and provide a particulate CA for epitope display.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Maozhou He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shimeng Bai
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Jie Jiang
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Qingbing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shuangquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xiaodong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Division of Biological Sciences, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093-0378, USA.
| | - Shaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ying Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Disease, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Farris E, Sanderfer K, Lampe A, Brown DM, Ramer-Tait AE, Pannier AK. Oral Non-Viral Gene Delivery for Applications in DNA Vaccination and Gene Therapy. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 7:51-57. [PMID: 31011691 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery via the oral route is a promising strategy for improving outcomes of DNA vaccination and gene therapy applications. Unlike traditional parenteral administration routes, the oral route is a non-invasive approach that lends itself to high patient compliance and ease of dosing. Moreover, oral administration allows for both local and systemic production of therapeutic genes or, in the case of DNA vaccination, mucosal and systemic immunity. However, the oral route presents distinct challenges and barriers to achieving successful gene delivery. Oral non-viral gene delivery systems must be able to survive the harsh and variable environments (e.g. acidic pH, degrading enzymes, mucus layer) encountered during transit through the gastrointestinal tract, while still allowing for efficient transgene production at sites of interest. These barriers present unique design challenges for researchers in material selection and in improving the transfection efficiency of orally delivered genes. This review provides an overview of advancements in the design of oral non-viral gene delivery systems, and highlights recent and important developments towards improving orally delivered genes for applications in gene therapy and DNA vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Farris
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Kari Sanderfer
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Anna Lampe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Deborah M Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
| | - Amanda E Ramer-Tait
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
| | - Angela K Pannier
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583
- Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
- Center for Nanohybrid Functional Materials, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588
- Mary and Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The development of HIV vaccines targeting gp41 membrane-proximal external region (MPER): challenges and prospects. Protein Cell 2018; 9:596-615. [PMID: 29667004 PMCID: PMC6019655 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-018-0534-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) vaccine which is able to effectively prevent infection would be the most powerful method of extinguishing pandemic of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Yet, achieving such vaccine remains great challenges. The membrane-proximal external region (MPER) is a highly conserved region of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) gp41 subunit near the viral envelope surface, and it plays a key role in membrane fusion. It is also the target of some reported broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Thus, MPER is deemed to be one of the most attractive vaccine targets. However, no one can induce these bNAbs by immunization with immunogens containing the MPER sequence(s). The few attempts at developing a vaccine have only resulted in the induction of neutralizing antibodies with quite low potency and limited breadth. Thus far, vaccine failure can be attributed to various characteristics of MPER, such as those involving structure and immunology; therefore, we will focus on these and review the recent progress in the field from the following perspectives: (1) MPER structure and its role in membrane fusion, (2) the epitopes and neutralization mechanisms of MPER-specific bNAbs, as well as the limitations in eliciting neutralizing antibodies, and (3) different strategies for MPER vaccine design and current harvests.
Collapse
|
9
|
Molinos-Albert LM, Clotet B, Blanco J, Carrillo J. Immunologic Insights on the Membrane Proximal External Region: A Major Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Vaccine Target. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1154. [PMID: 28970835 PMCID: PMC5609547 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting conserved regions within the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) can be generated by the human immune system and their elicitation by vaccination will be a key point to protect against the wide range of viral diversity. The membrane proximal external region (MPER) is a highly conserved region within the Env gp41 subunit, plays a major role in membrane fusion and is targeted by naturally induced bNAbs. Therefore, the MPER is considered as an attractive vaccine target. However, despite many attempts to design MPER-based immunogens, further study is still needed to understand its structural complexity, its amphiphilic feature, and its limited accessibility by steric hindrance. These particular features compromise the development of MPER-specific neutralizing responses during natural infection and limit the number of bNAbs isolated against this region, as compared with other HIV-1 vulnerability sites, and represent additional hurdles for immunogen development. Nevertheless, the analysis of MPER humoral responses elicited during natural infection as well as the MPER bNAbs isolated to date highlight that the human immune system is capable of generating MPER protective antibodies. Here, we discuss the recent advances describing the immunologic and biochemical features that make the MPER a unique HIV-1 vulnerability site, the different strategies to generate MPER-neutralizing antibodies in immunization protocols and point the importance of extending our knowledge toward new MPER epitopes by the isolation of novel monoclonal antibodies. This will be crucial for the redesign of immunogens able to skip non-neutralizing MPER determinants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M Molinos-Albert
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julià Blanco
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat de Vic - Universitat Central de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Carrillo
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Institut de Recerca Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kamble NM, Hyoung KJ, Lee JH. Live-attenuated auxotrophic mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium expressing immunogenic HA1 protein enhances immunity and protective efficacy against H1N1 influenza virus infection. Future Microbiol 2017; 12:739-752. [PMID: 28594235 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2016-0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy of attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (JOL912) as a live bacterial vaccine vector. MATERIALS & METHODS The JOL912 engineered to deliver HA1 protein from influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1; PR8) virus was coined as JOL1635 and further evaluated for immunogenicity and protective efficacy. RESULTS The JOL1635 stably harbored the HA1 gene within pMMP65 plasmid with periplasmic expression and effective delivery of HA1 protein to RAW264.7 cells. The JOL1635 immunized chickens showed the significant increase in HA1-specific IgG, sIgA antibody, IFN-γ, IL-6 cytokine and cellular immune responses. The postoral challenge, the JOL1635-immunized chickens showed a faster clearance of PR8 virus cloacal shedding than the control group. CONCLUSION Generated JOL1635 can establish specific immunogenicity and protection against the PR8 virus in chickens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Machindra Kamble
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Je Hyoung
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Jeonju 570-752, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|