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Disturbed flow induces a sustained, stochastic NF-κB activation which may support intracranial aneurysm growth in vivo. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4738. [PMID: 30894565 PMCID: PMC6426999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40959-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysms are associated with disturbed velocity patterns, and chronic inflammation, but the relevance for these findings are currently unknown. Here, we show that (disturbed) shear stress induced by vortices is a sufficient condition to activate the endothelial NF-kB pathway, possibly through a mechanism of mechanosensor de-activation. We provide evidence for this statement through in-vitro live cell imaging of NF-kB in HUVECs exposed to different flow conditions, stochastic modelling of flow induced NF-kB activation and induction of disturbed flow in mouse carotid arteries. Finally, CFD and immunofluorescence on human intracranial aneurysms showed a correlation similar to the mouse vessels, suggesting that disturbed shear stress may lead to sustained NF-kB activation thereby offering an explanation for the close association between disturbed flow and intracranial aneurysms.
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Slegtenhorst BR, Fajardo Ramirez OR, Zhang Y, Dhanerawala Z, Tullius SG, García-Cardeña G. A Mechano-Activated Cell Reporter System as a Proxy for Flow-Dependent Endothelial Atheroprotection. SLAS DISCOVERY 2018; 23:869-876. [PMID: 29498892 DOI: 10.1177/2472555218761101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The vascular endothelium plays a critical role in the health and disease of the cardiovascular system. Importantly, biomechanical stimuli generated by blood flow and sensed by the endothelium constitute important local inputs that are translated into transcriptional programs and functional endothelial phenotypes. Pulsatile, laminar flow, characteristic of regions in the vasculature that are resistant to atherosclerosis, evokes an atheroprotective endothelial phenotype. This atheroprotective phenotype is integrated by the transcription factor Kruppel-like factor-2 (KLF2), and therefore the expression of KLF2 can be used as a proxy for endothelial atheroprotection. Here, we report the generation and characterization of a cellular KLF2 reporter system, based on green fluorescence protein (GFP) expression driven by the human KLF2 promoter. This reporter is induced selectively by an atheroprotective shear stress waveform in human endothelial cells, is regulated by endogenous signaling events, and is activated by the pharmacological inducer of KLF2, simvastatin, in a dose-dependent manner. This reporter system can now be used to probe KLF2 signaling and for the discovery of a novel chemical-biological space capable of acting as the "pharmacomimetics of atheroprotective flow" on the vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendix R Slegtenhorst
- 1 Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,2 Department of Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,3 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Oscar R Fajardo Ramirez
- 1 Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,4 Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey, NL, Mexico
| | - Yuzhi Zhang
- 1 Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zahra Dhanerawala
- 1 Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- 5 Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplantation Surgery Research Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- 1 Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,3 Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,6 Program in Human Biology and Translational Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Li J, Li Y, Gao B, Qin C, He Y, Xu F, Yang H, Lin M. Engineering mechanical microenvironment of macrophage and its biomedical applications. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:555-576. [PMID: 29334336 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are the most plastic cells in the hematopoietic system and can be widely found in almost all tissues. Recently studies have shown that mechanical cues (e.g., matrix stiffness and stress/strain) can significantly affect macrophage behaviors. Although existing reviews on the physical and mechanical cues that regulate the macrophage's phenotype are available, engineering mechanical microenvironment of macrophages in vitro as well as a comprehensive overview and prospects for their biomedical applications (e.g., tissue engineering and immunotherapy) has yet to be summarized. Thus, this review provides an overview on the existing methods for engineering mechanical microenvironment of macrophages in vitro and then a section on their biomedical applications and further perspectives are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.,Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.,Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,Key Laboratory on Space Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory on Macromolecular Science & Technology of Shanxi Province, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, P.R China
| | - Yuhui Li
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bin Gao
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, P.R. China
| | - Chuanguang Qin
- Key Laboratory on Space Physics and Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory on Macromolecular Science & Technology of Shanxi Province, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, P.R China
| | - Yining He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A & F University Yangling Shaanxi 712100 China
| | - Feng Xu
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China.,Research Center of Special Environmental Biomechanics & Medical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, PR China
| | - Min Lin
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,The Key Library of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China
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