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Staehlke S, Mahajan S, Thieme D, Trosan P, Fuchsluger TA. Suppressing Pro-Apoptotic Proteins by siRNA in Corneal Endothelial Cells Protects against Cell Death. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1439. [PMID: 39062012 PMCID: PMC11274739 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CE) are critical for the cornea's transparency. For severe corneal damage, corneal tissue transplantation is the most promising option for restoring vision. However, CE apoptotic cell death occurs during the storage of donor corneas for transplantation. This study used small interfering (si)RNA-mediated silencing of pro-apoptotic proteins as a novel strategy to protect CE against apoptosis. Therefore, the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak were silenced in the human corneal endothelial cell line (HCEC-12) by transfection with Accell™siRNA without any adverse effects on cell viability. When apoptosis was induced, e.g., etoposide, the caspase-3 activity and Annexin V-FITC/PI assay indicated a significantly reduced apoptosis rate in Bax+Bak-siRNA transfected HCECs compared to control (w/o siRNA). TUNEL assay in HCECs exposed also significantly lower cell death in Bax+Bak-siRNA (7.5%) compared to control (w/o siRNA: 32.8%). In ex vivo donor corneas, a significant reduction of TUNEL-positive CEs in Bax+Bak-siRNA corneas (8.1%) was detectable compared to control-treated corneas (w/o siRNA: 27.9%). In this study, we demonstrated that suppressing pro-apoptotic siRNA leads to inhibiting CE apoptosis. Gene therapy with siRNA may open a new translational approach for corneal tissue treatment in the eye bank before transplantation, leading to graft protection and prolonged graft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Staehlke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Institute for Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Siddharth Mahajan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Thieme
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Polymer Materials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Trosan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Thomas A. Fuchsluger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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2
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Han X, Tian R, Wang C, Li Y, Song X. CircRNAs: Roles in regulating head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1026073. [PMID: 36483049 PMCID: PMC9723173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1026073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most common head and neck malignant tumor, with only monotherapy, is characterized by poor prognosis, and low 5-year survival rate. Due to the lack of therapeutic targets, the targeted drugs for HNSCC are rare. Therefore, exploring the regulation mechanism of HNSCC and identifying effective therapeutic targets will be beneficial to its treatment of. Circular RNA (CircRNA) is a class of RNA molecules with a circular structure, which is widely expressed in human body. CircRNAs regulate gene expression by exerting the function as a miRNA sponge, thereby mediating the occurrence and development of HNSCC cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and other processes. In addition, circRNAs are also involved in the regulation of tumor sensitivity to chemical drugs and other biological functions. In this review, we systematically listed the functions of circRNAs and explored the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in HNSCC from the aspects of tumor growth, cell death, angiogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis, tumor stem cell regulation, tumor drug resistance, immune escape, and tumor microenvironment. It will assist us in discovering new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, while encourage new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Ruxian Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Cai Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai, Shandong, China
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3
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Erfanparast L, Taghizadieh M, Shekarchi AA. Non-Coding RNAs and Oral Cancer: Small Molecules With Big Functions. Front Oncol 2022; 12:914593. [PMID: 35898889 PMCID: PMC9309727 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.914593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer remains a major public concern with considerable socioeconomic impact in the world. Despite substantial advancements have been made in treating oral cancer, the five-year survival rate for oral cancer remained undesirable, and the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) include transfer RNAs (tRNAs), as well as small RNAs such as microRNAs, and the long ncRNAs such as HOTAIR are a large segment of the transcriptome that do not have apparent protein-coding roles, but they have been verified to play important roles in diverse biological processes, including cancer cell development. Cell death, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, plays a vital role in the progression of cancer. A better understanding of the regulatory relationships between ncRNAs and these various types of cancer cell death is therefore urgently required. The occurrence and development of oral cancer can be controlled by increasing or decreasing the expression of ncRNAs, a method which confers broad prospects for oral cancer treatment. Therefore, it is urgent for us to understand the influence of ncRNAs on the development of different modes of oral tumor death, and to evaluate whether ncRNAs have the potential to be used as biological targets for inducing cell death and recurrence of chemotherapy. The purpose of this review is to describe the impact of ncRNAs on cell apoptosis and autophagy in oral cancer in order to explore potential targets for oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Erfanparast
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadieh
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taghizadieh,
| | - Ali Akbar Shekarchi
- Department of Pathology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Fooladvand F, Tahouri V, Baeeri M, Minaei T, Rahimifard M, Hodjat M, Khorasani R, Haghi-Aminjan H, Abdollahi M. Toxic potential of botulinum toxin type A on senescence in a Drosophila melanogaster model. Toxicol Rep 2021; 8:1576-1582. [PMID: 34458104 PMCID: PMC8379625 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT/A) application, especially neurological disorders, has been spread nowadays while it may cause side effects. The current study aimed to assess the BoNT/A dose-dependent effect on induction of aging in the Drosophila melanogaster model. The third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were exposed to ¼ LC50, ½ LC50, and LC50 of BoNT/A in the Drosophila diet for 48 h while H2O2 1% was used as a positive control. After the exposure time, some larvae were collected for molecular study, including gene expression analysis, comet assay, oxidative stress markers, and the phenotype changes. BoNT/A induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity, elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity. In addition, it caused DNA damage and activated caspase-3 and -9, and reduced the body size of the fly, especially in high doses. In line with the purpose of the study, aging markers, including β-galactosidase (β-gal), p16, p21, p38, and p53, were up-regulated by BoNT/A low dose. BoNT/A activates the aging pathway in the low dose, and increasing the dose induces toxicity, including oxidative stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Fooladvand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Vida Tahouri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tayebeh Minaei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hodjat
- Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khorasani
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Haghi-Aminjan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Li K, van Delft MF, Dewson G. Too much death can kill you: inhibiting intrinsic apoptosis to treat disease. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107341. [PMID: 34037273 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptotic cell death is implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. Since many types of cancerous cells intrinsically evade apoptotic elimination, induction of apoptosis has become an attractive and often necessary cancer therapeutic approach. Conversely, some cells are extremely sensitive to apoptotic stimuli leading to neurodegenerative disease and immune pathologies. However, due to several challenges, pharmacological inhibition of apoptosis is still only a recently emerging strategy to combat pathological cell loss. Here, we describe several key steps in the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptosis pathway that represent potential targets for inhibitors in disease contexts. We also discuss the mechanisms of action, advantages and limitations of small-molecule and peptide-based inhibitors that have been developed to date. These inhibitors serve as important research tools to dissect apoptotic signalling and may foster new treatments to reduce unwanted cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Li
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark F van Delft
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant Dewson
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Royal Parade, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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6
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Selective protection of human cardiomyocytes from anthracycline cardiotoxicity by small molecule inhibitors of MAP4K4. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12060. [PMID: 32694738 PMCID: PMC7374628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68907-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the poor track record to date of animal models for creating cardioprotective drugs, human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) have been proposed as a therapeutically relevant human platform to guide target validation and cardiac drug development. Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Kinase-4 (MAP4K4) is an “upstream” member of the MAPK superfamily that is implicated in human cardiac muscle cell death from oxidative stress, based on gene silencing and pharmacological inhibition in hPSC-CMs. A further role for MAP4K4 was proposed in heart muscle cell death triggered by cardiotoxic anti-cancer drugs, given its reported activation in failing human hearts with doxorubicin (DOX) cardiomyopathy, and its activation acutely by DOX in cultured cardiomyocytes. Here, we report successful protection from DOX in two independent hPSC-CM lines, using two potent, highly selective MAP4K4 inhibitors. The MAP4K4 inhibitors enhanced viability and reduced apoptosis at otherwise lethal concentrations of DOX, and preserved cardiomyocyte function, as measured by spontaneous calcium transients, at sub-maximal ones. Notably, in contrast, no intereference was seen in tumor cell killing, caspase activation, or mitochondrial membrane dissipation by DOX, in human cancer cell lines. Thus, MAP4K4 is a plausible, tractable, selective therapeutic target in DOX-induced human heart muscle cell death.
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7
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Luo S, Xu S, Liu J, Ma F, Zhu YZ. Design and synthesis of novel SCM-198 analogs as cardioprotective agents: Structure-activity relationship studies and biological evaluations. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 200:112469. [PMID: 32485530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCM-198 (Leonurine) has attracted great attention due to its cardioprotective effects in myocardial infarction (MI). However, no systematic modifications and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies could be traced so far. In this study, 35 analogs of SCM-198 were designed, synthesized and their cardioprotective effects were evaluated. The cell viability assay on cardiomyocyte cell line H9c2 challenged with H2O2 showed that several analogs exhibited more potent cytoprotective effects than SCM-198 at 1 μM and 10 μM concentrations. LDH release level in cells treated with 1 μM 14o was comparable with cells treated with 10 μM SCM-198. Results of Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation accordingly indicated higher protective activity of 14o than SCM-198. Moreover, in a mouse model of MI, the mice pretreated with 14o had much lower infarct size compared with that of SCM-198. The mechanism study suggested that 14o improved cardiac morphology and reduced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in the border zone of infarction, as proved by H&E and TUNEL staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, PR China; Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China
| | - Shengtao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Junkai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Fenfen Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201399, PR China
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
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8
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Su W, Sun S, Wang F, Shen Y, Yang H. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0055538 regulates the malignant biological behavior of oral squamous cell carcinoma through the p53/Bcl-2/caspase signaling pathway. J Transl Med 2019; 17:76. [PMID: 30857544 PMCID: PMC6413456 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-1830-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor with high rates of metastasis and mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of non-coding RNA, are involved in the development of a variety of tumors. The roles of circRNAs in OSCC are unclear; in this study, the correlation between the circRNA hsa_circ_0055538, previously identified by high-throughput sequencing, and the biological behavior of OSCC was evaluated. Methods circRNA expression was evaluated using patient tissue samples and various OSCC cell lines. The effects of overexpression and knockdown were evaluated by lentiviral infection and siRNA transfection of the SCC9 and CAL27 cell lines. Migration, invasion, apoptosis, and the expression of proteins in the p53 signaling pathway were evaluated. Infected cells were injected into nude mice to evaluate tumorigenesis. Results Low hsa_circ_0055538 expression levels were verified in tumor tissues and OSCC cell lines. Clinical data analysis showed that the expression level is related to the degree of tumor differentiation. Lentiviral infection and siRNA transfection of SCC9 and CAL27 cell lines revealed that changes in circRNA expression significantly affected the malignant biological behavior of OSCC cells. Importantly, nude mouse experiments showed that high expression of hsa_circ_0055538 inhibited tumor growth. Finally, hsa_circ_0055538 may affect the development of OSCC via the p53/Bcl-2/caspase signaling pathway. Conclusions Our results indicated that hsa_circ_0055538 is involved in OSCC via the p53 signaling pathway and may be a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- Clinical School, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuai Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuehong Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Clinical School, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, No. 1120 Lianhua Road, Shenzhen, 518036, Guangdong, China.
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9
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Huang H, Zhang G, Zhou Y, Lin C, Chen S, Lin Y, Mai S, Huang Z. Reverse Screening Methods to Search for the Protein Targets of Chemopreventive Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:138. [PMID: 29868550 PMCID: PMC5954125 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a systematic review of reverse screening methods used to search for the protein targets of chemopreventive compounds or drugs. Typical chemopreventive compounds include components of traditional Chinese medicine, natural compounds and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Such compounds are somewhat selective but are predisposed to bind multiple protein targets distributed throughout diverse signaling pathways in human cells. In contrast to conventional virtual screening, which identifies the ligands of a targeted protein from a compound database, reverse screening is used to identify the potential targets or unintended targets of a given compound from a large number of receptors by examining their known ligands or crystal structures. This method, also known as in silico or computational target fishing, is highly valuable for discovering the target receptors of query molecules from terrestrial or marine natural products, exploring the molecular mechanisms of chemopreventive compounds, finding alternative indications of existing drugs by drug repositioning, and detecting adverse drug reactions and drug toxicity. Reverse screening can be divided into three major groups: shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking. Several large software packages, such as Schrödinger and Discovery Studio; typical software/network services such as ChemMapper, PharmMapper, idTarget, and INVDOCK; and practical databases of known target ligands and receptor crystal structures, such as ChEMBL, BindingDB, and the Protein Data Bank (PDB), are available for use in these computational methods. Different programs, online services and databases have different applications and constraints. Here, we conducted a systematic analysis and multilevel classification of the computational programs, online services and compound libraries available for shape screening, pharmacophore screening and reverse docking to enable non-specialist users to quickly learn and grasp the types of calculations used in protein target fishing. In addition, we review the main features of these methods, programs and databases and provide a variety of examples illustrating the application of one or a combination of reverse screening methods for accurate target prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Guigui Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yuquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Chenru Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Suling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Yutong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Shangkang Mai
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Medical Molecular Diagnostics of Guangdong Province, Dongguan Scientific Research Center, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China.,School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University Dongguan, China
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10
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Over-expression of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) preventing cold ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury in heart transplantation through Foxo3a signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36531-36544. [PMID: 28388574 PMCID: PMC5482674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury which inevitably occurs during heart transplantation is the major factor leading to organ failure and graft rejection. In order to develop new therapies to prevent I/R injury, we used both a murine heart transplantation model with 24 hour cold I/R and an in vitro cell culture system to determine whether growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a protective factor in preventing I/R injury in heart transplantation and to further investigate underlying mechanisms of I/R injury. We found that cold I/R caused severe damage to the endocardium, epicardium and myocardium of heart grafts from wild type C57BL/6 mice, whereas grafts from GDF15 transgenic (TG) mice showed less damage as demonstrated by decreased cell apoptosis/death, decreased neutrophils infiltration and the preservation of the normal structure of the heart. Over-expression of GDF15 reduced expression of phosphorylated RelA p65, pre-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic genes while it enhanced Foxo3a phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo. Over-expression of GDF15 inhibited cell apoptosis/death and reduced neutrophil infiltration. In conclusion, this study, for the first time, demonstrates that GDF15 is a promising target for preventing cold I/R injury in heart transplantation. This study also shows that the resultant protective effects are mediated by the Foxo3 and NFκB signaling pathways.
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11
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Apoptotic Protease Activating Factor-1 Inhibitor Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia Injury via Disturbing Procaspase-9 Recruitment by Apaf-1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:9747296. [PMID: 29279737 PMCID: PMC5723966 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9747296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-(4-((4-guanidinobutoxy)carbonyl)-2,6-dihydroxyphenoxy)-3,4,5-trihydroxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-carboxylic acid (ZYZ-488) was discovered as a novel inhibitor of apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1). In present work, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay confirms the direct binding between ZYZ-488 and Apaf-1 and this interaction was found to be able to block the recruitment of procaspase-9 by Apaf-1. This study also shows that the treatment of MI (myocardial infarction) mice with this novel Apaf-1 inhibitor remarkably reduces the infarct size, improves cardiac functions, and attenuates the histopathology changes caused by MI. Meanwhile, here it is shown that ZYZ-488 decreases myocardial enzyme release, inhibits cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and suppresses the activation of the downstream cascade of caspases. Moreover, in silico prediction validated the drug-like properties of ZYZ-488. In conclusion, our findings present the first piece of evidence indicating the interaction between Apaf-1 and procaspase-9 as a novel therapeutic target in myocardial infarction and suggesting ZYZ-488 as a promising therapeutic option for myocardial infarction disease.
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12
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Wang Y, Zhong L, Liu X, Zhu YZ. ZYZ-772 Prevents Cardiomyocyte Injury by Suppressing Nox4-Derived ROS Production and Apoptosis. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020331. [PMID: 28230797 PMCID: PMC6155929 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Nox-dependent signaling plays critical roles in the development of heart failure, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial infarction. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) as a major source of oxidative stress in the heart offers a new therapeutic target in cardiovascular disease. In the present work, a novel flavonoid was isolated from Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Its structure was elucidated as Quercetin-3-O-(6′′-O-α-l-rhamnopyransoyl)-β-d-glucopyranoside-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (ZYZ-772) for the first time. ZYZ-772 exhibited significant cardio-protective property against CoCl2 induced H9c2 cardiomyocyte cells injury. In CoCl2 stimulated cardiomyocyte injury, ZYZ-772 inhibited expression of Nox4, and alleviated ROS overproduction. Importantly, ROS triggered MAPKs phosphorylation and P53 signaling mediated apoptosis were restored by ZYZ-772. Our findings present the first piece of evidence for the therapeutic properties of ZYZ-772 in preventing cardiomyocyte injury, which could be attributed to the suppression of Nox4/MAPKs/P53 axis. This will offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiac ischemia disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Liangjie Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Xinhua Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yi Zhun Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Macao University of Science and Technology, Macao.
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